Abstract
We study the average density of states in a small metallic grain coupled to two superconductors with the phase difference π, in a magnetic field. The spectrum of the low-energy excitations in the grain is described by the random matrix theory whose symmetry depends on the magnetic field strength and coupling to the superconductors. In the limiting cases, a pure superconducting symmetry class is realized. For intermediate magnetic fields or couplings to the superconductors, the system experiences a crossover between different symmetry classes. With the help of the supersymmetric σ-model we derive the exact expressions for the average density of states in the crossovers between the symmetry classes A-C and CI-C.
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Koziy, V.A., Skvortsov, M.A. Crossovers between superconducting symmetry classes. Jetp Lett. 94, 222–227 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0021364011150057
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0021364011150057