Abstract.
Substantial experimental and theoretical efforts worldwide are devoted to explore the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. At LHC and top RHIC energies, QCD matter is studied at very high temperatures and nearly vanishing net-baryon densities. There is evidence that a Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) was created at experiments at RHIC and LHC. The transition from the QGP back to the hadron gas is found to be a smooth cross over. For larger net-baryon densities and lower temperatures, it is expected that the QCD phase diagram exhibits a rich structure, such as a first-order phase transition between hadronic and partonic matter which terminates in a critical point, or exotic phases like quarkyonic matter. The discovery of these landmarks would be a breakthrough in our understanding of the strong interaction and is therefore in the focus of various high-energy heavy-ion research programs. The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at FAIR will play a unique role in the exploration of the QCD phase diagram in the region of high net-baryon densities, because it is designed to run at unprecedented interaction rates. High-rate operation is the key prerequisite for high-precision measurements of multi-differential observables and of rare diagnostic probes which are sensitive to the dense phase of the nuclear fireball. The goal of the CBM experiment at SIS100 (\(\sqrt{s_{NN}}=\) 2.7--4.9 GeV) is to discover fundamental properties of QCD matter: the phase structure at large baryon-chemical potentials ( \(\mu_B > 500\) MeV), effects of chiral symmetry, and the equation of state at high density as it is expected to occur in the core of neutron stars. In this article, we review the motivation for and the physics programme of CBM, including activities before the start of data taking in 2024, in the context of the worldwide efforts to explore high-density QCD matter.
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Laboratory of Information Technologies, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR-LIT), Dubna, Russia
T. Ablyazimov, P. Akishin, E. Akishina, T. Akishina, V. Akishina, E. Alexandrov, I. Alexandrov, S. Belogurov, D. Belyakov, O. Derenovskaya, I. Filozova, Valery Ivanov, Victor Ivanov, P. Kisel, G. Kozlov, A. V. Kryanev, A. Lebedev, S. Lebedev, G. Ososkov, E. Ovcharenko, A. Raportirenko & P. Zrelov
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH (GSI), Darmstadt, Germany
A. Abuhoza, V. Akishina, M. Al-Turany, A. Andronic, R. Averbeck, E. Badura, T. Balog, D. Bertini, O. Bertini, P. P. Bhaduri, V. Blinov, H. Cherif, M. I. Ciobanu, H. Deppe, D. Emschermann, J. Eschke, H. Flemming, U. Frankenfeld, V. Friese, J. Frühauf, T. Galatyuk, P. Ghosh, J. Hehner, J. M. Heuser, R. Holzmann, M. Ivanov, R. Karabowicz, M. Kiš, P. Kisel, V. Kleipa, V. Klochkov, K. Koch, P. Koczoń, W. Koenig, B. W. Kolb, D. Kresan, J. Kunkel, P. Larionov, A. Lebedev, J. Lehnert, Y. Leifels, V. Lindenstruth, S. Löchner, P. -A. Loizeau, A. Lymanets, H. Malygina, A. M. Marin Garcia, J. Markert, S. Masciocchi, D. Miskowiec, I. Momot, T. Morhardt, W. F. J. Müller, W. Niebur, J. Pietraszko, A. Rodriguez Rodriguez, J. Sánchez Rosado, C. J. Schmidt, K. Schweda, S. Seddiki, I. Selyuzhenkov, A. Senger, P. Senger, C. Simons, M. Singla, D. Soyk, J. Stroth, C. Sturm, A. Toia, M. Träger, F. Uhlig, I. Vassiliev, O. Vasylyev, R. Visinka, C. Wendisch, A. Wilms, N. Winckler, Junfeng Yang, P. Zumbruch & M. Zyzak
Department of Physics, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
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Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
M. Adamczyk, T. Barczyk, J. Brzychczyk, L. Dutka, J. Kallunkathariyil, Z. Majka, R. Najman, R. Płaneta, Z. Sosin, P. Staszel & A. Wieloch
Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
K. Agarwal, Susovan Das, E. Friske, B. Heß, E. Lavrik, I. Panasenko, H. R. Schmidt & J. Wiechula
Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
M. M. Aggarwal, A. K. Bhati, M. Kaur & L. Kumar
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC), Kolkata, India
Z. Ahammed, P. P. Bhaduri, S. Chattopadhyay, M. Dey, A. K. Dubey, V. Jain, S. A. Khan, Ajit Kumar, S. Mandal, C. Nandi, E. Nandy, T. Nayak, V. S. Negi, S. Pal, Amitava Roy, J. Saini, R. N. Singaraju, V. Singhal & Y. P. Viyogi
Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
F. Ahmad, S. Ahmad, S. Bashir, M. Farooq & S. A. Lone
Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
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Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt (FIAS), Frankfurt, Germany
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Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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University of Split, Split, Croatia
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Institute for Nuclear Research (INR), Moscow, Russia
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Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), Bucharest, Romania
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Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energy Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR-VBLHEP), Dubna, Russia
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Atomic and Nuclear Physics Department, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
D. Argintaru, V. Baban, C. Beşliu, M. Cãlin, T. Eşanu, A. Jipa, I. Lazanu, C. Ristea, O. Ristea & N. G. Tuturas
National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
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Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
S. Bähr, M. Balzer, J. Becker, T. Blank, M. Dreschmann, S. P. D. Figuli, L. Meder, O. Sander & M. Weber
Department of Physics and Department of Electronic Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Phyiscs, Lomonosov Moscow State University (SINP-MSU), Moscow, Russia
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AGH University of Science and Technology (AGH), Kraków, Poland
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St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), St. Petersburg, Russia
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Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
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Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
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Institut für Technische Informatik, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University (CCNU), Wuhan, China
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Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Konrad-Zuse-Zentrum für Informationstechnik Berlin (ZIB), Berlin, Germany
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Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
Ankhi Roy, R. Sahoo & S. Tripathy
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Correspondence to V. Friese.
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Communicated by P. Salabura
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Ablyazimov, T., Abuhoza, A., Adak, R.P. et al. Challenges in QCD matter physics --The scientific programme of the Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR. Eur. Phys. J. A 53, 60 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2017-12248-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2017-12248-y
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