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Screen reader/2: access to OS/2 and the graphical user interface

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J. ThatcherAuthors Info & Claims

Assets '94: Proceedings of the first annual ACM conference on Assistive technologies

Pages 39 - 46

https://doi.org/10.1145/191028.191039

Published: 31 October 1994 Publication History

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Abstract

Screen Reader/2 is IBM's access system for OS/2, providing blind users access to the graphical user interface (GUI) of Presentation Manager, to Windows programs running under OS/2, and to text mode DOS and OS/2 programs. Screen Reader/2 is a completely redesigned and rewritten follow-on to IBM's Screen Reader Version 1.2 for DOS.

There has been considerable discussion about the technical challenges, difficulties, and inherent obstacles presented by the GUI. Not enough time and energy has been devoted to the successes in GUI access, in part because the developers of GUI access software have had their hands full trying to solve very difficult problems.

This paper will describe how IBM Screen Reader makes the GUI accessible.

References

[1]

Adams, F.R., Crepy, H., Jameson, D.H. and Thatcher, J.W., "iBM Products for Persons with Disabilities," IEEE GlobeCom '89. November, 1989. (1990) 496-502.

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[2]

Adams, F.R. and McTyre, J.H., "Screen Reader: An Audio Access System," ICAART Conference Proceedings, Montreal June, 1988.

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[3]

Boyd, L.H., Boyd, W.L., and Vanderheiden, G.C., "The Graphical User Interface: Crisis, Danger and Opportunity,'' Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness 84 (1990) 496-502.

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Jameson, D.H., "PC SAID: Computer Access for the Vsually Disabled," M.Sc. Thesis, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, ! 986.

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Emerson, M.R., Jameson, D.H., Pike, G.G., Schwerdtfeger, R.S., and Thatcher, J.W., "Screen Reader/PM - GUI Access by blind computer users," Proceedings, World Congress on Technology, December, 1991.

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[6]

Schwerdtfeger, R.S., "Making the GUI Talk," BYTE, i 18-128 (1991).

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[7]

Thatcher, J.W., "Screen Reader/2 - Progrnnuned Access to the GUI," To appear, International Conference on Computers for Handicapped Persons, 1994.

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[8]

Thatcher, J.W., "How to make OS/2 Talk and Why. Access to OS/2 with Screen Reader/2," Proceedings OS/2 World Conference, Volume 2, pp 331-346. July, 1994, Santa Clara, CA.

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"iBM Independence Series Screen Reader Reference," The IBM Corporation, Amonk, New York, 1989.

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Cited By

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Uckun UTumkur Suresh RFerdous MBi XRamakrishnan IAshok VBellogin ABoratto LSantos OArdissono LKnijnenburg B(2022)Taming User-Interface Heterogeneity with Uniform Overlays for Blind UsersProceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization10.1145/3503252.3531317(212-222)Online publication date: 4-Jul-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3503252.3531317
Shoaib MHussain IMirza H(2019)Automatic switching between speech and non-speech: adaptive auditory feedback in desktop assistance for the visually impairedUniversal Access in the Information Society10.1007/s10209-019-00696-5Online publication date: 16-Oct-2019
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-019-00696-5
Guo ABigham J(2018)Making Everyday Interfaces Accessible: Tactile Overlays by and for Blind PeopleIEEE Pervasive Computing10.1109/MPRV.2018.02251124617:2(66-70)Online publication date: Apr-2018
https://doi.org/10.1109/MPRV.2018.022511246
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Index Terms

Screen reader/2: access to OS/2 and the graphical user interface
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Human computer interaction (HCI)
    1. Interaction devices
      1. Touch screens
    2. Interaction paradigms
2. Software and its engineering
  1. Software organization and properties
    1. Contextual software domains
      1. Operating systems

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Assets '94: Proceedings of the first annual ACM conference on Assistive technologies

October 1994

158 pages

ISBN:0897916492

DOI:10.1145/191028

Chairman:
Ephraim P. Glinert
Renssealaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

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Published: 31 October 1994

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ASSETS94: First International ACM/SIGCAPH Conference on Assistive Technologies

October 31 - November 1, 1994

California, Marina Del Rey, USA

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Overall Acceptance Rate 436 of 1,556 submissions, 28%

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Uckun UTumkur Suresh RFerdous MBi XRamakrishnan IAshok VBellogin ABoratto LSantos OArdissono LKnijnenburg B(2022)Taming User-Interface Heterogeneity with Uniform Overlays for Blind UsersProceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization10.1145/3503252.3531317(212-222)Online publication date: 4-Jul-2022
Shoaib MHussain IMirza H(2019)Automatic switching between speech and non-speech: adaptive auditory feedback in desktop assistance for the visually impairedUniversal Access in the Information Society10.1007/s10209-019-00696-5Online publication date: 16-Oct-2019
Guo ABigham J(2018)Making Everyday Interfaces Accessible: Tactile Overlays by and for Blind PeopleIEEE Pervasive Computing10.1109/MPRV.2018.02251124617:2(66-70)Online publication date: Apr-2018
Guo AChen XQi HWhite SGhosh SAsakawa CBigham JRekimoto JIgarashi TWobbrock JAvrahami D(2016)VizLensProceedings of the 29th Annual Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology10.1145/2984511.2984518(651-664)Online publication date: 16-Oct-2016
Lazar JGoldstein DTaylor A(2015)Ensuring Digital Accessibility through Process and PolicyundefinedOnline publication date: 19-Jun-2015
Villaverde L(2014)Facilitating blind people to independently format their documentsACM SIGACCESS Accessibility and Computing10.1145/2591357.2591363(38-41)Online publication date: 1-Jan-2014
Morales LArteaga SKurniawan SMackay WBrewster SBødker S(2013)Design guidelines of a tool to help blind authors independently format their word documentsCHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/2468356.2468363(31-36)Online publication date: 27-Apr-2013
Jacko JLeonard VMcClellan MScott IJacko J(2012)Perceptual ImpairmentsHuman–Computer Interaction Handbook10.1201/b11963-44(893-912)Online publication date: 14-May-2012
Walker BLindsay JNance ANakano YPalladino DDingler TJeon M(2012)Spearcons (Speech-Based Earcons) Improve Navigation Performance in Advanced Auditory MenusHuman Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society10.1177/001872081245058755:1(157-182)Online publication date: 2-Jul-2012
Jeon MWalker B(2011)Spindex (Speech Index) Improves Auditory Menu Acceptance and Navigation PerformanceACM Transactions on Accessible Computing10.1145/1952383.19523853:3(1-26)Online publication date: 1-Apr-2011
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Towards an Open Source Screen Reader: Screenreader Usability Extensions (SUE)

Linux screen reader:: extensible assistive technology

Evaluating a modified Google user interface via screen reader

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Towards an Open Source Screen Reader: Screenreader Usability Extensions (SUE)

Linux screen reader:: extensible assistive technology

Evaluating a modified Google user interface via screen reader

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