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TypeOut: Leveraging Just-in-Time Self-Affirmation for Smartphone Overuse Reduction

Authors:

Jennifer Mankoff,

Anind K DeyAuthors Info & Claims

CHI '22: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Article No.: 442, Pages 1 - 17

https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517476

Published: 29 April 2022 Publication History

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Abstract

Smartphone overuse is related to a variety of issues such as lack of sleep and anxiety. We explore the application of Self-Affirmation Theory on smartphone overuse intervention in a just-in-time manner. We present TypeOut, a just-in-time intervention technique that integrates two components: an in-situ typing-based unlock process to improve user engagement, and self-affirmation-based typing content to enhance effectiveness. We hypothesize that the integration of typing and self-affirmation content can better reduce smartphone overuse. We conducted a 10-week within-subject field experiment (N=54) and compared TypeOut against two baselines: one only showing the self-affirmation content (a common notification-based intervention), and one only requiring typing non-semantic content (a state-of-the-art method). TypeOut reduces app usage by over 50%, and both app opening frequency and usage duration by over 25%, all significantly outperforming baselines. TypeOut can potentially be used in other domains where an intervention may benefit from integrating self-affirmation exercises with an engaging just-in-time mechanism.

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Index Terms

TypeOut: Leveraging Just-in-Time Self-Affirmation for Smartphone Overuse Reduction
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Human computer interaction (HCI)
    1. Empirical studies in HCI
    2. Interaction techniques

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cover image ACM Conferences

CHI '22: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

April 2022

10459 pages

ISBN:9781450391573

DOI:10.1145/3491102

Editors:
Simone Barbosa
PUC-Rio, Brazil
,
Cliff Lampe
University of Michigan, USA
,
Caroline Appert
Université Paris-Saclay, France
,
David A. Shamma
Toyota Research Institute, USA
,
Steven Drucker
Microsoft Research, USA
,
Julie Williamson
University of Glasgow, UK
,
Koji Yatani
University of Tokyo, Japan

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License.

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Published: 29 April 2022

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CHI '22: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

April 29 - May 5, 2022

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https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3659625
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