Join Me Here if You Will: Investigating Embodiment and Politeness Behaviors When Joining Small Groups of Humans, Robots, and Virtual Characters
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
2.1 Group and proxemics theory
2.2 Embodiment
2.3 Politeness theory
3 Methodology
3.1 Study Design
Politeness Behaviors | Strategy | Verbal behavior | Nonverbal behavior |
---|---|---|---|
1. Baseline (BSL) | NOT | None | None* |
2. Indirect (IND) | IND | “Welcome back!” | Open palm up |
3. Proposing (PRO) | POS | “This place is waiting for you!” | Open palm sideways and partly downward |
3.1.1 Embodiment.
3.1.2 Politeness behaviors.
3.2 Social dilemma
Routes | Persuasion | Social adherence | Effort |
---|---|---|---|
Convenient | No | Yes | Low |
Unsocial | Yes | No | Medium |
Inconvenient | Yes | Yes | High |
3.3 Apparatus
3.3.1 Trajectory and experiment control.
3.3.2 Embodiment.
3.3.3 Participant Data Collection.
3.4 Measures
3.4.1 Joining behavior.
3.4.2 Perceived politeness.
3.4.3 Social presence.
3.4.4 Post-study questionnaire.
3.5 Procedure
3.6 Participants
3.7 Data Analysis
4 Results
4.1 Joining Behavior
4.1.1 Persuasiveness and Social Adherence.
4.1.2 Path Length.
4.1.3 Path Duration.
4.1.4 Distance to the main agent.
4.1.5 Distance to the secondary agent.
4.2 Perceived Politeness: Understanding, Offense, Intimacy, Respect
4.2.1 Understanding.
4.2.2 Offense.
4.2.3 Intimacy.
4.2.4 Respect.
4.3 Social Presence
4.3.1 Co-Presence.
4.3.2 Attentional Allocation.
4.3.3 Message Understanding.
4.3.4 Behavioral Inderdependence.
4.3.5 Affective Understanding.
4.3.6 Affective Interdependence.
Block (trials) | I (1-3) | II (4-6) | III (7-9) | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|
Requested | 108 | 108 | 108 | 324 |
Successful | 31 | 42 | 43 | 116 |
Success rate | 29% | 39% | 40% | 36% |
Respecting o-space | 18 | 25 | 23 | 66 |
Social adherence rate | 58% | 60% | 53% | 57% |
4.4 Correlations
5 Discussion
5.1 Politeness over Embodiment
5.2 Propose and I will Join
5.3 Comfortable with Humans while Staying Close to Robots
5.4 Design Implications for Robots and Virtual Characters
6 Limitations and Future Work
7 Conclusion
Footnotes
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Index Terms
- Join Me Here if You Will: Investigating Embodiment and Politeness Behaviors When Joining Small Groups of Humans, Robots, and Virtual Characters
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