research-article

CamMark: Analyzing, Modeling, and Simulating Artifacts in Camcorder Copies

Authors:

Philipp Schaber,

Christoph Wesch,

Wolfgang EffelsbergAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMM), Volume 11, Issue 2s

Article No.: 42, Pages 1 - 23

https://doi.org/10.1145/2700295

Published: 24 February 2015 Publication History

Abstract

To support the development of any system that includes the generation and evaluation of camcorder copies, as well as to provide a common benchmark for robustness against camcorder copies, we present a tool to simulate digital video re-acquisition using a digital video camera. By resampling each video frame, we simulate the typical artifacts occurring in a camcorder copy: geometric modifications (aspect ratio changes, cropping, perspective and lens distortion), temporal sampling artifacts (due to different frame rates, shutter speeds, rolling shutters, or playback), spatial and color subsampling (rescaling, filtering, Bayer color filter array), and processing steps (automatic gain control, automatic white balance). We also support the simulation of camera movement (e.g., a hand-held camera) and background insertion. Furthermore, we allow for an easy setup and calibration of all the simulated artifacts, using sample/reference pairs of images and videos. Specifically temporal subsampling effects are analyzed in detail to create realistic frame blending artifacts in the simulated copies. We carefully evaluated our entire camcorder simulation system and found that the models we developed describe and match the real artifacts quite well.

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Cited By

Chen WLi YNiu ZXu YKeskinarkaus ASeppänen TSun X(2024)Real-time and screen-cam robust screen watermarkingKnowledge-Based Systems10.1016/j.knosys.2024.112380302(112380)Online publication date: Oct-2024
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2024.112380
Wang ZXiang WWang WLi H(2024)RiSw: resistant to incomplete shooting watermarking schemeOptoelectronics Letters10.1007/s11801-024-3255-620:8(497-504)Online publication date: 23-Jul-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11801-024-3255-6
Gan ZZheng XSong YChai X(2024)Screen-shooting watermarking algorithm based on Harris-SIFT feature regionsSignal, Image and Video Processing10.1007/s11760-024-03102-718:5(4647-4660)Online publication date: 17-Mar-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-024-03102-7
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Index Terms

CamMark: Analyzing, Modeling, and Simulating Artifacts in Camcorder Copies
1. Computing methodologies
  1. Artificial intelligence
    1. Computer vision
      1. Computer vision tasks
  2. Modeling and simulation

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Published In

cover image ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications

ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications Volume 11, Issue 2s

Special Issue on MMSYS 2014

February 2015

138 pages

ISSN:1551-6857

EISSN:1551-6865

DOI:10.1145/2739966

Editor:
Ralf Steinmetz
Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2015 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 24 February 2015

Accepted: 01 October 2014

Revised: 01 September 2014

Received: 01 June 2014

Published in TOMM Volume 11, Issue 2s

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Cited By

Chen WLi YNiu ZXu YKeskinarkaus ASeppänen TSun X(2024)Real-time and screen-cam robust screen watermarkingKnowledge-Based Systems10.1016/j.knosys.2024.112380302(112380)Online publication date: Oct-2024
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2024.112380
Wang ZXiang WWang WLi H(2024)RiSw: resistant to incomplete shooting watermarking schemeOptoelectronics Letters10.1007/s11801-024-3255-620:8(497-504)Online publication date: 23-Jul-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11801-024-3255-6
Gan ZZheng XSong YChai X(2024)Screen-shooting watermarking algorithm based on Harris-SIFT feature regionsSignal, Image and Video Processing10.1007/s11760-024-03102-718:5(4647-4660)Online publication date: 17-Mar-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-024-03102-7
Mehta PSingh MSingha N(2024)Screen-Camera robust watermarking using Arnold Transform and Double-Density Dual-Tree Discrete Wavelet TransformMultimedia Tools and Applications10.1007/s11042-024-19954-7Online publication date: 2-Aug-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-024-19954-7
Bai YLi LZhang SLu JEmam M(2023)Fast Frequency Domain Screen-Shooting Watermarking Algorithm Based on ORB Feature PointsMathematics10.3390/math1107173011:7(1730)Online publication date: 4-Apr-2023
https://doi.org/10.3390/math11071730
Liu TYao HLi XQin C(2023)Robust Perceptual Image Hashing for Screen-Shooting AttackIEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics10.1109/TCE.2023.332443070:1(4367-4378)Online publication date: 13-Oct-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TCE.2023.3324430
Cao FWang TGuo DLi JQin C(2023)Screen-shooting resistant image watermarking based on lightweight neural network in frequency domainJournal of Visual Communication and Image Representation10.1016/j.jvcir.2023.10383794(103837)Online publication date: Jun-2023
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvcir.2023.103837
Ma BDu KXu JWang CLi JZhou L(2023)A screen-shooting resilient data-hiding algorithm based on two-level singular value decompositionJournal of Information Security and Applications10.1016/j.jisa.2023.10360578(103605)Online publication date: Nov-2023
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jisa.2023.103605
Gu SHan JSun XCao Y(2022)Robust Watermarking of Screen-Photography Based on JNDComputers, Materials & Continua10.32604/cmc.2022.02395571:3(4819-4833)Online publication date: 2022
https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2022.023955
Mehta PSingh MSingha N(2022)Recaptured attack-resilient watermarking schemeJournal of Electronic Imaging10.1117/1.JEI.31.4.04304331:04Online publication date: 1-Jul-2022
https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JEI.31.4.043043
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