„България в европейската култура, наука, образование, религия“. Част 2. Материали от Четвъртата национална конференция по история, археология и културен туризъм „Пътуване към България“ ( 2014). Шумен, В 339 - 346., 2015
Текстът предлага кратка историческа информация за някои обекти, свързани с българското присъствие... more Текстът предлага кратка историческа информация за някои обекти, свързани с българското присъствие на унгарска земя. Тя е основа за изграждането на туристически маршрут “по българските места в Унгария”.
Янкова, Венета: Преводачи на култури. (Унгарски свидетелства за Североизточна България от XX в.). София: Парадигма. 2020. ISBN 978-954-326-437-7, 2020
This monograph is an attempt to present fragments of the multifaceted images of Bulgaria, the Bul... more This monograph is an attempt to present fragments of the multifaceted images of Bulgaria, the Bulgarian lands and the people living there as the Hungarians saw, felt and understood them in the twentieth century. It includes authors and texts that show a relentless interest in the ethnoculturally diverse region of today’s Northeastern Bulgaria (Shumen, Varna, Ludogorie / Deliorman, Dobrudzha). What they have preserved helps to reveal important characteristics of Hungarians’ and Bulgarians’ knowledge about each other. The main idea of the study is the belief that researchers are pioneers of cultural mediation; they are cultural diplomats and translators of cultures, and what they do is cultural diplomacy and cultural translation / translation between cultures. Thus, special emphasis is placed on their mediating role in learning about both cultures. Such an approach allows focusing on intellectuals who embody certain ideological, political and cultural tendencies in society.......
Sacred places and miracles. (On the legendary heritage of heterodox Islam in Northeastern Bulgaria). In: BETWEEN THE WORLDS: MAGIC, MIRACLES AND MYSTICISM, Sofia, IEFSEM-BAS. 276-289., 2020
This article presents some legendary narratives recorded during field studies around the utraquis... more This article presents some legendary narratives recorded during field studies around the utraquistic (dual, binary ritual), Muslim and Christian, sacred places in the region of Shumen and Targovishte (Northeastern Bulgaria). The analysis looks at their common motifs, characters, and functions. An attempt has been made to discover some relics of the verbal heritage of heterodox Muslims in the Bulgarian lands and its existence in time. A connection has been established with a network of objects of heterodox Islam on Bulgarian territory, whose traces in the local memory are to be found only through toponymy and anthroponymy. On the other hand, the utraquistic sanctuaries in Bulgaria are regarded here as places of shared memory between Christians and Muslims. From an ethnological point of view, this text problematises the issues of religious tolerance in the relations between the two religious groups in the local communities.
В: Лозанова-Станчева, В., Фол, В. (съст. и ред.). MIRABILIA: чудесно и магическо (= Studia Balcanika 33). София: Парадигма., 2020
NOTES ON THE MIRACULOUS STAG. SOME BULGARIAN AND HUNGARIAN FOLKLORE PARALLELS
The article analyze... more NOTES ON THE MIRACULOUS STAG. SOME BULGARIAN AND HUNGARIAN FOLKLORE PARALLELS The article analyzes customs performed during the transition between the old and the new year and practised in a vast cultural area between Europe and Asia. Persistent verbal formulas and images that preserve archaic concepts about the cosmogonic role of the stag are found in the examined fragments from Hungarian and Bulgarian Christmas songs. An opinion is expressed that the image of the wonderful gold-horned stag from the Bulgarian Christmas song and the songs performed by the Hungarian singers (regös) can be viewed as a relic of the archaic solar symbolism of the deer in the mythological beliefs of the peoples of Europe and Asia. This image points to a common cultural fund which over time experiences natural transformations – desacralisation and Christianization.
“International Symposium of Turkish Culture in the Balkans: Case of Bulgaria”, 27 September - 01 October 2018, 2018
The report aims to produce unpopular documents (letters and reports) to the Hungarian Lajos Döbrő... more The report aims to produce unpopular documents (letters and reports) to the Hungarian Lajos Döbrőssy. Between 1931 and 1938, he lived in the city of Shumen and visited many villages and towns in Northeastern Bulgaria and region of Deliorman. He recorded his impressions that contained valuable and unknown data about the local Turks culture: everyday life, religion, holy places, education and so on. Particularly interesting are the reports on the attitude of the local people to the events in Turkey in 1923. The study uses a comparative historical research method and its sources are recently published archival materials.
XVIIIth of Turkish Congress of History - ATATÜRK KÜLTÜR, DİL VE TARİH YÜKSEK KURUMU , 2018
The report deals with a weakly studied issue, related to the past of the Gerlovo region (Nord-Eas... more The report deals with a weakly studied issue, related to the past of the Gerlovo region (Nord-East Bulgaria) during the Ottoman period (XVI-XIX century): the oral evidence of Crimean Giray khan/ "sultans" and their heritage in the local history of the people. The memory of Giray "sultans" and the symbolic places, connected with their life and work, today are an essential part of the historical memory of the people from this region. Many villages and sites keep their traces. These are: legends about the creation of settlements, local toposes, genealogical stories. The image of the Giray dinasty in the local legends is aristocratic, with added heroic elements, wich are formed under the influence of the Bulgarian national idea. The trend towards demythologization is noticeable-former feudal lords are seen as "own" (i.e. Bulgarian) noblemen-they are of Bulgarian origin and protect their subjects against violence. The study is based on archival research and fieldwork.
This text puts emphasis on the following issues: esteemed information of family stories of the Ta... more This text puts emphasis on the following issues: esteemed information of family stories of the Tatars in Bulgarian Dobrudja according to written and oral accounts; the image of the past in these stories; the role of the process of “history democratisation”, as well as the role of science and scientific and popular publications as generators of interest in the past; processes of building a prestigious past and aristocratic genealogy. These family histories are just fragments of the historical memory of the Tatar immigrants in Dobrudja. We can call them alternative memory, i.e., memory that complements, and even competes with, the dominating national memory in the formal historiography by asserting a plural point of view regarding the events of the past.
The article is part of a larger study from which only some theses are presented here. The theoret... more The article is part of a larger study from which only some theses are presented here. The theoretical framework of the study is grounded in the concept of historical memory which is understood as a generalised image of the knowledge of the past, made up of many interacting ideas conceived as information, functions and processes of representation, con-structiveness, updating. The historical memories of the Tatars in Bulgaria and in Lithuania are being recognised as an important component of the particular historical heritage of the respective regions. The present analysis identifies their contribution in building the regional cultural specificity since the former migrants not only incorporated themselves into the host society, but they also left their mark in the local memory. In this way, they helped change the cultural landscape by incorporating themselves into the cultural specificity of the given space. That is why the studied areas could be thought of as historically formed cultural regions and, more precisely, multicultural regions in whose construction the historical memory of/for the other is involved.
The monograph is developed in an interdisciplinary perspective, encompassing the fields of intere... more The monograph is developed in an interdisciplinary perspective, encompassing the fields of interest and methods of ethnography, ethnology, folklore and cultural anthropology. Its main purpose is to address topics related to the mask and masquerade as a universal cultural phenomenon and as a mediator between man and the non-human worlds inhabited by deities and demons, and today – a manifestation of everyday communication and of festivity. The study is searching for the dimensions of identity, as well as for the mechanisms of identification via the act of masking and becoming part of groups of masked people. It sheds light on the manifestations of contemporary carnival culture in Europe, as well as processes of modification of the traditional masking games on the Balkans. An additional research aspect is oriented towards presumable archetypal forms of a common Eurasian cultural gene pool and its traces in the masquerade games. The relative thematic nuclei around which the exposition is organized are: the metamorphoses of mask and masquerade in traditional culture in the context of modernity; the mask, masking and the masking game as an opportunity for self-determination of the individual and of the community; masking in the processes of ethnic identification; masking and masquerade as constructs of the local identification, etc. The complex nature of the object of the study and its anthropological aspects give rise to the need for wider dimensions – between the Balkans, Europe and Asia; from modernity to mythological times.
The main object of this article is directed towards unknown and unexplored fragment from the folk... more The main object of this article is directed towards unknown and unexplored fragment from the folklore of the Crimean Tatars in Dobroudja-children counting-out rhyme. Its source are the explorations of the Hungarian linguist Istvan Mandoky-Kongur (1944 – 1992). I suppose that these children's texts can be attributed to the cultural memory of the Crimean Tatars in Bulgaria, which has both a general-Tatar and pan-Turkic, but also local manifestations. Една от основните задачи, с които българската фолклористика се оформя като наука през XIX-тото столетие, това е регистрирането, записването и съхраняването на традиционната словесност, което е свързано с нейното осмисляне като ценност и градиво за назряващи национални проекти. Такава етноцентрична и/или идеологически обусловена позиция на първопредходниците естествено предпоставя предпочитанието към проявленията на " своето " наследство срещу пренебрегването на " другите " наследства. Поради това за повече от век и половина данните за фолклорната култура на етническите и на религиозните " други " остават единични, почти отсъстващи, непроучени и несистематизирани. Това довежда до непълна и неадекватна представа за богатата и хетерогенна традиционна култура по българските земи и на Балканите. Този когнитивен проблем се усложнява и от настъпващите в средата на XX век социо-културни процеси като модернизация, урбанизация, миграция и пр., които пряко въздействат върху традиционната култура и довеждат до същностни трансформации и изграждане на нови явления, наричани " постфолклор ". 1 Ето защо с повишена стойност и с носталгичен привкус за съвременния човек се възприемат съхранени все още " отломки " от предишни състояния на фолклора. 1 Терминът постфолклор е въведен от руския учен С. Ю. Неклюдов и успешно отразява съвременното битие на фолклорната култура в условията на активно взаимодействие с писменото слово, градската култура, масовата култура, интернет-комуникациите и пр. Вж. http://www.ruthenia.ru/folklore/index.htm
The sacred place around the village of Strujno (Dere koy) directs to the topos of the sacred and ... more The sacred place around the village of Strujno (Dere koy) directs to the topos of the sacred and its dynamics in the local oral story. As an object with regional meaning so far it were beyond the scope of the purposeful research interest. There has been established connection with the net from objects of the heterodox Islam on the Bulgarian lands whose traces in the local memory are only in the toponymy and in the legends. The cult of muslime saint Balli baba (Honey Father) is vital in nowadays end it exist like manifestation of specific form of Islam religion, concerned of everyday life and everyday necessities.
This article discusses the heritage re-enactments created, experienced and understood differently... more This article discusses the heritage re-enactments created, experienced and understood differently (or similarly) in various cultural contexts and by different groups. The text analyzes some cases from Hungary and Lithuania and examines the questions like the individual and the collective forms of constructing the past, of forming identities and the politics of remembrance and its uses in the leisure time.
THE IMAGES OF THE PAST.
(FROM THE TATARS IN LITHUANIA AND POLAND)
Summary
This paper specifies th... more THE IMAGES OF THE PAST. (FROM THE TATARS IN LITHUANIA AND POLAND) Summary This paper specifies the problem of past and its part in building identities and its reflection on the present according to the case study from Tatar communities in Lithuania and Poland. Keywords: Tatars in Poland and Lithuania; identity; past
„България в европейската култура, наука, образование, религия“. Част 2. Материали от Четвъртата национална конференция по история, археология и културен туризъм „Пътуване към България“ ( 2014). Шумен, В 339 - 346., 2015
Текстът предлага кратка историческа информация за някои обекти, свързани с българското присъствие... more Текстът предлага кратка историческа информация за някои обекти, свързани с българското присъствие на унгарска земя. Тя е основа за изграждането на туристически маршрут “по българските места в Унгария”.
Янкова, Венета: Преводачи на култури. (Унгарски свидетелства за Североизточна България от XX в.). София: Парадигма. 2020. ISBN 978-954-326-437-7, 2020
This monograph is an attempt to present fragments of the multifaceted images of Bulgaria, the Bul... more This monograph is an attempt to present fragments of the multifaceted images of Bulgaria, the Bulgarian lands and the people living there as the Hungarians saw, felt and understood them in the twentieth century. It includes authors and texts that show a relentless interest in the ethnoculturally diverse region of today’s Northeastern Bulgaria (Shumen, Varna, Ludogorie / Deliorman, Dobrudzha). What they have preserved helps to reveal important characteristics of Hungarians’ and Bulgarians’ knowledge about each other. The main idea of the study is the belief that researchers are pioneers of cultural mediation; they are cultural diplomats and translators of cultures, and what they do is cultural diplomacy and cultural translation / translation between cultures. Thus, special emphasis is placed on their mediating role in learning about both cultures. Such an approach allows focusing on intellectuals who embody certain ideological, political and cultural tendencies in society.......
Sacred places and miracles. (On the legendary heritage of heterodox Islam in Northeastern Bulgaria). In: BETWEEN THE WORLDS: MAGIC, MIRACLES AND MYSTICISM, Sofia, IEFSEM-BAS. 276-289., 2020
This article presents some legendary narratives recorded during field studies around the utraquis... more This article presents some legendary narratives recorded during field studies around the utraquistic (dual, binary ritual), Muslim and Christian, sacred places in the region of Shumen and Targovishte (Northeastern Bulgaria). The analysis looks at their common motifs, characters, and functions. An attempt has been made to discover some relics of the verbal heritage of heterodox Muslims in the Bulgarian lands and its existence in time. A connection has been established with a network of objects of heterodox Islam on Bulgarian territory, whose traces in the local memory are to be found only through toponymy and anthroponymy. On the other hand, the utraquistic sanctuaries in Bulgaria are regarded here as places of shared memory between Christians and Muslims. From an ethnological point of view, this text problematises the issues of religious tolerance in the relations between the two religious groups in the local communities.
В: Лозанова-Станчева, В., Фол, В. (съст. и ред.). MIRABILIA: чудесно и магическо (= Studia Balcanika 33). София: Парадигма., 2020
NOTES ON THE MIRACULOUS STAG. SOME BULGARIAN AND HUNGARIAN FOLKLORE PARALLELS
The article analyze... more NOTES ON THE MIRACULOUS STAG. SOME BULGARIAN AND HUNGARIAN FOLKLORE PARALLELS The article analyzes customs performed during the transition between the old and the new year and practised in a vast cultural area between Europe and Asia. Persistent verbal formulas and images that preserve archaic concepts about the cosmogonic role of the stag are found in the examined fragments from Hungarian and Bulgarian Christmas songs. An opinion is expressed that the image of the wonderful gold-horned stag from the Bulgarian Christmas song and the songs performed by the Hungarian singers (regös) can be viewed as a relic of the archaic solar symbolism of the deer in the mythological beliefs of the peoples of Europe and Asia. This image points to a common cultural fund which over time experiences natural transformations – desacralisation and Christianization.
“International Symposium of Turkish Culture in the Balkans: Case of Bulgaria”, 27 September - 01 October 2018, 2018
The report aims to produce unpopular documents (letters and reports) to the Hungarian Lajos Döbrő... more The report aims to produce unpopular documents (letters and reports) to the Hungarian Lajos Döbrőssy. Between 1931 and 1938, he lived in the city of Shumen and visited many villages and towns in Northeastern Bulgaria and region of Deliorman. He recorded his impressions that contained valuable and unknown data about the local Turks culture: everyday life, religion, holy places, education and so on. Particularly interesting are the reports on the attitude of the local people to the events in Turkey in 1923. The study uses a comparative historical research method and its sources are recently published archival materials.
XVIIIth of Turkish Congress of History - ATATÜRK KÜLTÜR, DİL VE TARİH YÜKSEK KURUMU , 2018
The report deals with a weakly studied issue, related to the past of the Gerlovo region (Nord-Eas... more The report deals with a weakly studied issue, related to the past of the Gerlovo region (Nord-East Bulgaria) during the Ottoman period (XVI-XIX century): the oral evidence of Crimean Giray khan/ "sultans" and their heritage in the local history of the people. The memory of Giray "sultans" and the symbolic places, connected with their life and work, today are an essential part of the historical memory of the people from this region. Many villages and sites keep their traces. These are: legends about the creation of settlements, local toposes, genealogical stories. The image of the Giray dinasty in the local legends is aristocratic, with added heroic elements, wich are formed under the influence of the Bulgarian national idea. The trend towards demythologization is noticeable-former feudal lords are seen as "own" (i.e. Bulgarian) noblemen-they are of Bulgarian origin and protect their subjects against violence. The study is based on archival research and fieldwork.
This text puts emphasis on the following issues: esteemed information of family stories of the Ta... more This text puts emphasis on the following issues: esteemed information of family stories of the Tatars in Bulgarian Dobrudja according to written and oral accounts; the image of the past in these stories; the role of the process of “history democratisation”, as well as the role of science and scientific and popular publications as generators of interest in the past; processes of building a prestigious past and aristocratic genealogy. These family histories are just fragments of the historical memory of the Tatar immigrants in Dobrudja. We can call them alternative memory, i.e., memory that complements, and even competes with, the dominating national memory in the formal historiography by asserting a plural point of view regarding the events of the past.
The article is part of a larger study from which only some theses are presented here. The theoret... more The article is part of a larger study from which only some theses are presented here. The theoretical framework of the study is grounded in the concept of historical memory which is understood as a generalised image of the knowledge of the past, made up of many interacting ideas conceived as information, functions and processes of representation, con-structiveness, updating. The historical memories of the Tatars in Bulgaria and in Lithuania are being recognised as an important component of the particular historical heritage of the respective regions. The present analysis identifies their contribution in building the regional cultural specificity since the former migrants not only incorporated themselves into the host society, but they also left their mark in the local memory. In this way, they helped change the cultural landscape by incorporating themselves into the cultural specificity of the given space. That is why the studied areas could be thought of as historically formed cultural regions and, more precisely, multicultural regions in whose construction the historical memory of/for the other is involved.
The monograph is developed in an interdisciplinary perspective, encompassing the fields of intere... more The monograph is developed in an interdisciplinary perspective, encompassing the fields of interest and methods of ethnography, ethnology, folklore and cultural anthropology. Its main purpose is to address topics related to the mask and masquerade as a universal cultural phenomenon and as a mediator between man and the non-human worlds inhabited by deities and demons, and today – a manifestation of everyday communication and of festivity. The study is searching for the dimensions of identity, as well as for the mechanisms of identification via the act of masking and becoming part of groups of masked people. It sheds light on the manifestations of contemporary carnival culture in Europe, as well as processes of modification of the traditional masking games on the Balkans. An additional research aspect is oriented towards presumable archetypal forms of a common Eurasian cultural gene pool and its traces in the masquerade games. The relative thematic nuclei around which the exposition is organized are: the metamorphoses of mask and masquerade in traditional culture in the context of modernity; the mask, masking and the masking game as an opportunity for self-determination of the individual and of the community; masking in the processes of ethnic identification; masking and masquerade as constructs of the local identification, etc. The complex nature of the object of the study and its anthropological aspects give rise to the need for wider dimensions – between the Balkans, Europe and Asia; from modernity to mythological times.
The main object of this article is directed towards unknown and unexplored fragment from the folk... more The main object of this article is directed towards unknown and unexplored fragment from the folklore of the Crimean Tatars in Dobroudja-children counting-out rhyme. Its source are the explorations of the Hungarian linguist Istvan Mandoky-Kongur (1944 – 1992). I suppose that these children's texts can be attributed to the cultural memory of the Crimean Tatars in Bulgaria, which has both a general-Tatar and pan-Turkic, but also local manifestations. Една от основните задачи, с които българската фолклористика се оформя като наука през XIX-тото столетие, това е регистрирането, записването и съхраняването на традиционната словесност, което е свързано с нейното осмисляне като ценност и градиво за назряващи национални проекти. Такава етноцентрична и/или идеологически обусловена позиция на първопредходниците естествено предпоставя предпочитанието към проявленията на " своето " наследство срещу пренебрегването на " другите " наследства. Поради това за повече от век и половина данните за фолклорната култура на етническите и на религиозните " други " остават единични, почти отсъстващи, непроучени и несистематизирани. Това довежда до непълна и неадекватна представа за богатата и хетерогенна традиционна култура по българските земи и на Балканите. Този когнитивен проблем се усложнява и от настъпващите в средата на XX век социо-културни процеси като модернизация, урбанизация, миграция и пр., които пряко въздействат върху традиционната култура и довеждат до същностни трансформации и изграждане на нови явления, наричани " постфолклор ". 1 Ето защо с повишена стойност и с носталгичен привкус за съвременния човек се възприемат съхранени все още " отломки " от предишни състояния на фолклора. 1 Терминът постфолклор е въведен от руския учен С. Ю. Неклюдов и успешно отразява съвременното битие на фолклорната култура в условията на активно взаимодействие с писменото слово, градската култура, масовата култура, интернет-комуникациите и пр. Вж. http://www.ruthenia.ru/folklore/index.htm
The sacred place around the village of Strujno (Dere koy) directs to the topos of the sacred and ... more The sacred place around the village of Strujno (Dere koy) directs to the topos of the sacred and its dynamics in the local oral story. As an object with regional meaning so far it were beyond the scope of the purposeful research interest. There has been established connection with the net from objects of the heterodox Islam on the Bulgarian lands whose traces in the local memory are only in the toponymy and in the legends. The cult of muslime saint Balli baba (Honey Father) is vital in nowadays end it exist like manifestation of specific form of Islam religion, concerned of everyday life and everyday necessities.
This article discusses the heritage re-enactments created, experienced and understood differently... more This article discusses the heritage re-enactments created, experienced and understood differently (or similarly) in various cultural contexts and by different groups. The text analyzes some cases from Hungary and Lithuania and examines the questions like the individual and the collective forms of constructing the past, of forming identities and the politics of remembrance and its uses in the leisure time.
THE IMAGES OF THE PAST.
(FROM THE TATARS IN LITHUANIA AND POLAND)
Summary
This paper specifies th... more THE IMAGES OF THE PAST. (FROM THE TATARS IN LITHUANIA AND POLAND) Summary This paper specifies the problem of past and its part in building identities and its reflection on the present according to the case study from Tatar communities in Lithuania and Poland. Keywords: Tatars in Poland and Lithuania; identity; past
МЕЖДУ УСТНОТО И ПИСАНОТО СЛОВО: ФОЛКЛОРЪТ И НАРОДНИТЕ ЖИТИЯ, 2005
Ce livre se propose le but de faire l’approche à deux grands et importants thèmes du Moyen-Age bu... more Ce livre se propose le but de faire l’approche à deux grands et importants thèmes du Moyen-Age bulgare: la culture populaire et la culture des monastères. Ces deux thèmes existent depuis longtemps dans la recherche scientifique mondiale, alors que la science bulgare y a beaucoup à apporter. Son sujet est orienté vers un thème plus large: Les agiographies populaires et le système de la culture populaire. Les phénomènes qui y sont étudiés, sont symptomatiques pour l’époque du passage du Moyen-Age aux Temps Modernes: C’est un cycle d’agiographies populaires bulgares, connues à partir des copies du 15 e -18 e siècles. Les agiographies sont des lecture populaires, ont fait leur apparition la plus complète en tant que “livre populaire” justement а l’époque du haut Moyen-Age. Ce qui fait objet de la présente étude, ce sont les relations dynamiques entre les deux variations de la culture des monastères: la culture des moines et la culture folklorique à l’époque du haut Moyen-Age bulgare. Cette division structure l’ouvrage entier où, l’arrangement des différentes parties suit la dynamique de la parole écrite des moines comme une source génératrice de texte, vers la naissance des formes intermédiaires mobiles dans leur éloignement progressif de cette source jusqu’а la parole orale prédominante dans le genre épique des légendes religieuses. Dans la première partie de la recherche “Le Monastère” est défini le phénomène “la culture des monastère” de Slavia Orthodixa comme un sous-système de la culture éthnique, sur lequele se déroulent les processus d’interaction entre la culture folklorique - non-folklorique, spécialisée - non-spécialisée, officielle - populaire. Le monastère est défini comme sacrum (territoire sacrale chrétien) qui est le champs de dialogue de différentes “langues”, on étudie les relations compliquée entre la parole orale et la parole écrite. La deuxième partie “Les agiographies popuraires et le folklore” pose le problème de l’agiographie en tant que la représentation la plus typique et la plus répandue des variations de la culture des monastères. Des agiographies “populaires” y sont étudiées dans leur manque du canonique et dans leur sensibilité typologique à ces representations du genre qui sont apparues avant l’établissement du canon agiographique pendant le 10e siècle (ainsi dites agiographies pré-canoniques). Dans le contexte culturel étudié ces agiographies sont des faits littéraires, produits typiques de l’époque dont l’essentiel est la domination de la culture folklorique. Dans la troisième partie “Les Miracles” l’accent est mis sur les récits de miracles des saints en tant que produit mobile culturel situé entre le sacré et le profane, entre la culture folklorique et non-folklorique, entre la parole orale et la parole écrite. Le miracle idéologiquement nécessaire à la chrétienté pour soutenir le culte du sacré, existe dans tous les milieux culturels en révélant des predispositions mentales différentes. La vulgarisation du culte du sacré engendre une réflexion folkorique les récits écrits des vies des saints. Cette réflexion s’exprime dans les biographies appelées “folkloriques” des vies des saints. Elles possèdent un degré différent de la vita qui est le centre générateur de leur naissance: de la suite la plus proche du prototype agiographique jusqu’а l’assimilation de la fonction du personnage au role d’intermédiaire et de régulateur des relations sociales. Dans cette partie sont généralisées les différentes images du saint dans les genres folkloriques différents. Autant au motif de chant “Division des saints” l’attention y est attirée dans le but de dessiner l’idée folklorique (épique) de la sainteté. Le problème de la christianisation du mythe s’y impose, de meme que celuis de la folklorisation des idées chrétienne sur le Temps et l’Espace - un moment constituel dans le macrocosmos médiéval. Le motif est déterminé en tant que produit de la “chretienté syncrétique”. Les chants comprenant le motif de “Division des saints” pourraient etre examinés dans l’aspect de micromodèle du calendrier de saints folklorique. Le terme de “panthéon du chant des saints” s’y inroduit, déterminant la structure constituée de saints-protecteurs qui occupent une place primordiale dans la vie agricole et dans le cycle rituel. La partie “Etudes sur une vita” s’arréte sur certains aspects mal éclairés du représantation le plis originel de la tradition agiographique ancienne bulgare. Il s’agit de la Vita anonyme du saint Ivan Rilski, produit de l’interaction éffective des deux variations de la culture des monastères (celle des moines et celle du peuple), de la verbalité écrite et orale. Ces processus font preuve des fonctions ethniques de la culture. Une approche différente est choisie pour le matériel empirique. Il est fondé sur les thèmes plus généreux tels que: le personnage en tant que projection, des couches mythologiques hétérogènes; la théorie du don (M. Mos) et l’occasion de revoir un motif agiographique populaire; la sémiotique médiévale et la sémiosphère conservée dans le texte écrit. L’annexe comporte la phtocopie de la copie du Michal de la Vita anonyme du st. Ivan Rilski, publiée pour la première fois. La copie méme est édite dans la damasquine de Michal, recueil du 18 e s., édition combinée. Elle se trouve dans la Bibliothèque nationale de Cyrile et Methode, manuscrit N 688, p. 251 - p. 258 b, recopié par Michal (Michail) pop Guéorguiev. La copie appartien à l’ainsi dite rédaction damasquinée de la Vita anonyme qui se distingue par l’adaptation complète du texte aux stratégies communicatives des lectures du type “popupaires”. Les souvenirs du célébre homme d’esprit de Choumène d-r Ivan Sakelariev de son père, dont la vie est liée au Monastère de Rila, représentent aussi une grande importance à ce sujet.
РЕЗЮМЕ
Цель этой книги быть введением к двум большим и значимым темам для болгарского Средневековья: народной культуре и монастырской культуре. Они давно присуствуют в мировой исследовательской практике, но в болгарской науке они недостаточно полно разработаны. Тематика книги является частью обширной темы: народные жития и система народной культуры. Рассматриваемые явления характерны для перехода от Средневековья к Новому времени: это цикл болгарских народных житий, знакомых по спискам 15 - 18 вв. Жития - это писание для народа, проявившееся самым полноценным образом именно в эпоху позднего Средневековья. Предмет этого исследования - динамические отношения между двумя разновидностями монастырской культуры - монашеской и фольклорной - в эпоху позднего болгарского Средневековья. Это разделение формирует всю работу, в которой порядок отдельных частей следует движение письменного монашеского слова как текстопораждающее начало к возникновению междинных мобильных форм, при постепенном отталкивании от него к доминирующему устному слову в религиозно - легендарном эпосе.
ТОПОСИ, ПАМЕТ, ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ. (Към фолклора на мюсюлманите и християните в Шуменско), 2007
This research is directed to the space as an anthropological category and its adoption by the hum... more This research is directed to the space as an anthropological category and its adoption by the human communities. Provided the complexity of the main problems the empiric material is limited to examples from the folklore culture of Muslims and Christians (Turks and Bulgarians) from North-Eastern Bulgaria and mostly – from the region of Shoumen. The key words here are “space”, “memory”, “identity”. The presentation examines the location as a space inhabited by the human communities and as a generator for narratives of its past and its present. The attention is directed to the informational potential of the toponyms and the stories (biographic narratives, worldly stories, toponymic stories, etc.) which aim is to reach an original oral history of the settlement. They support the individual and collective identity of the local man. When examining the problem “space-memory-identity” I use the methods of the folklore and the ethnology and mostly the terrain examination. When necessary I have input additional information from written sources (Ottoman documents, archives, registers, etc.) Monograph refers to actual to the contemporary scientific problems connected to: the regional typology of the Bulgarian folklore culture; examination of the folklore of the ethno-confessional communities in Bulgaria; functioning of the folklore culture in the context of the informational society in XXI century. All this determines the examined questions and the structure of the presentation: “Place and memory” direct to the outline of the inhabited by the human communities territory by the evidences of the toponymy and toponymic stories in the empiric example from the village of Izbul, district of Shoumen. The village space and its oral history are given a meaning by the family memory and the linear stories of inhabitation-movement-deportation. “The sacred places around the village of Izbul” directs to the topos of the sacred and its dynamics in the local oral story. As an object with regional meaning so far they were beyond the scope of the purposeful research interest. There has been established connection with the net from objects of the heterodox Islam on the Bulgarian lands whose traces in the local memory are only in the toponymy and anthroponymy. “We and they in the village microcosmos” is a try for introduction in the dynamics of the ethnoculture interactions in the field of the village microcosmos. Answers to the questions like are looked for: The holiday and the workday in the village chronotop; the idea about The Other and his names; the figures of mediation; the religious thing as narration; rationalization of the native and home land as values of a high rank. And all these things are questions building the complex system of identity. “The masquerade type of Camal”, registered among the Muslims in the district of Shoumen and Razgrad. There is an indicative example for ethno-confessional riches of games with performers in costumes on the Balkan Peninsula, Asia Minor, Anatolia. There is a try here for its typological analysis and its commitment with the premonotheistic cult to the Devil, which directs to the general cultural fund of the peoples of Eurasia. As applications there are materials which are result of the direct terrain work and of the evidences of the written sources (Ottoman and archive documents).
The monographic research is focused on current anthropological issues – the concept of historical... more The monographic research is focused on current anthropological issues – the concept of historical memory and the concept of the past as an image, experience and social activity. Its main purpose is to outline different patterns of culturally shaped ideas about the past, to highlight their fundamental importance in the modeling and maintenance of community identitifications, their understanding as a cognitive capital, a means of legitimation and a guarantee for coherence and stability in time and space, as well as motivation for modern activities and memorial policies. An important goal of the research is to draw out specific manifestations of the past examined in the light of the present state of knowledge and its aspects, agents, mediators, causes and functions. Particular attention is paid to the transformations of the historical knowledge in the era of global modernity, virtual mega communities and the leisure industry. The analysis of empirical material from several European cultural spaces provides a usable typology of historical memory and provides principles of comparison that are applicable to other terrains. They are laid out in the characteristics and structures of the concept of historical memory. Such anthropologically oriented social historiography can offer a holistic and multifaceted image of the past in order to achieve its fuller knowledge.
Uploads
The article analyzes customs performed during the transition between
the old and the new year and practised in a vast cultural area between
Europe and Asia. Persistent verbal formulas and images that preserve
archaic concepts about the cosmogonic role of the stag are found in the
examined fragments from Hungarian and Bulgarian Christmas songs.
An opinion is expressed that the image of the wonderful gold-horned
stag from the Bulgarian Christmas song and the songs performed by
the Hungarian singers (regös) can be viewed as a relic of the archaic
solar symbolism of the deer in the mythological beliefs of the peoples
of Europe and Asia. This image points to a common cultural fund
which over time experiences natural transformations – desacralisation
and Christianization.
The relative thematic nuclei around which the exposition is organized are: the metamorphoses of mask and masquerade in traditional culture in the context of modernity; the mask, masking and the masking game as an opportunity for self-determination of the individual and of the community; masking in the processes of ethnic identification; masking and masquerade as constructs of the local identification, etc. The complex nature of the object of the study and its anthropological aspects give rise to the need for wider dimensions – between the Balkans, Europe and Asia; from modernity to mythological times.
(FROM THE TATARS IN LITHUANIA AND POLAND)
Summary
This paper specifies the problem of past and its part in building identities and its reflection on the present according to the case study from Tatar communities in Lithuania and Poland.
Keywords: Tatars in Poland and Lithuania; identity; past
The article analyzes customs performed during the transition between
the old and the new year and practised in a vast cultural area between
Europe and Asia. Persistent verbal formulas and images that preserve
archaic concepts about the cosmogonic role of the stag are found in the
examined fragments from Hungarian and Bulgarian Christmas songs.
An opinion is expressed that the image of the wonderful gold-horned
stag from the Bulgarian Christmas song and the songs performed by
the Hungarian singers (regös) can be viewed as a relic of the archaic
solar symbolism of the deer in the mythological beliefs of the peoples
of Europe and Asia. This image points to a common cultural fund
which over time experiences natural transformations – desacralisation
and Christianization.
The relative thematic nuclei around which the exposition is organized are: the metamorphoses of mask and masquerade in traditional culture in the context of modernity; the mask, masking and the masking game as an opportunity for self-determination of the individual and of the community; masking in the processes of ethnic identification; masking and masquerade as constructs of the local identification, etc. The complex nature of the object of the study and its anthropological aspects give rise to the need for wider dimensions – between the Balkans, Europe and Asia; from modernity to mythological times.
(FROM THE TATARS IN LITHUANIA AND POLAND)
Summary
This paper specifies the problem of past and its part in building identities and its reflection on the present according to the case study from Tatar communities in Lithuania and Poland.
Keywords: Tatars in Poland and Lithuania; identity; past
Ce qui fait objet de la présente étude, ce sont les relations dynamiques entre les deux variations de la culture des monastères: la culture des moines et la culture folklorique à l’époque du haut Moyen-Age bulgare. Cette division structure l’ouvrage entier où, l’arrangement des différentes parties suit la dynamique de la parole écrite des moines comme une source génératrice de texte, vers la naissance des formes intermédiaires mobiles dans leur éloignement progressif de cette source jusqu’а la parole orale prédominante dans le genre épique des légendes religieuses.
Dans la première partie de la recherche “Le Monastère” est défini le phénomène “la culture des monastère” de Slavia Orthodixa comme un sous-système de la culture éthnique, sur lequele se déroulent les processus d’interaction entre la culture folklorique - non-folklorique, spécialisée - non-spécialisée, officielle - populaire. Le monastère est défini comme sacrum (territoire sacrale chrétien) qui est le champs de dialogue de différentes “langues”, on étudie les relations compliquée entre la parole orale et la parole écrite.
La deuxième partie “Les agiographies popuraires et le folklore” pose le problème de l’agiographie en tant que la représentation la plus typique et la plus répandue des variations de la culture des monastères. Des agiographies “populaires” y sont étudiées dans leur manque du canonique et dans leur sensibilité typologique à ces representations du genre qui sont apparues avant l’établissement du canon agiographique pendant le 10e siècle (ainsi dites agiographies pré-canoniques). Dans le contexte culturel étudié ces agiographies sont des faits littéraires, produits typiques de l’époque dont l’essentiel est la domination de la culture folklorique.
Dans la troisième partie “Les Miracles” l’accent est mis sur les récits de miracles des saints en tant que produit mobile culturel situé entre le sacré et le profane, entre la culture folklorique et non-folklorique, entre la parole orale et la parole écrite. Le miracle idéologiquement nécessaire à la chrétienté pour soutenir le culte du sacré, existe dans tous les milieux culturels en révélant des predispositions mentales différentes.
La vulgarisation du culte du sacré engendre une réflexion folkorique les récits écrits des vies des saints. Cette réflexion s’exprime dans les biographies appelées “folkloriques” des vies des saints. Elles possèdent un degré différent de la vita qui est le centre générateur de leur naissance: de la suite la plus proche du prototype agiographique jusqu’а l’assimilation de la fonction du personnage au role d’intermédiaire et de régulateur des relations sociales. Dans cette partie sont généralisées les différentes images du saint dans les genres folkloriques différents.
Autant au motif de chant “Division des saints” l’attention y est attirée dans le but de dessiner l’idée folklorique (épique) de la sainteté. Le problème de la christianisation du mythe s’y impose, de meme que celuis de la folklorisation des idées chrétienne sur le Temps et l’Espace - un moment constituel dans le macrocosmos médiéval. Le motif est déterminé en tant que produit de la “chretienté syncrétique”. Les chants comprenant le motif de “Division des saints” pourraient etre examinés dans l’aspect de micromodèle du calendrier de saints folklorique. Le terme de “panthéon du chant des saints” s’y inroduit, déterminant la structure constituée de saints-protecteurs qui occupent une place primordiale dans la vie agricole et dans le cycle rituel.
La partie “Etudes sur une vita” s’arréte sur certains aspects mal éclairés du représantation le plis originel de la tradition agiographique ancienne bulgare. Il s’agit de la Vita anonyme du saint Ivan Rilski, produit de l’interaction éffective des deux variations de la culture des monastères (celle des moines et celle du peuple), de la verbalité écrite et orale. Ces processus font preuve des fonctions ethniques de la culture. Une approche différente est choisie pour le matériel empirique. Il est fondé sur les thèmes plus généreux tels que: le personnage en tant que projection, des couches mythologiques hétérogènes; la théorie du don (M. Mos) et l’occasion de revoir un motif agiographique populaire; la sémiotique médiévale et la sémiosphère conservée dans le texte écrit.
L’annexe comporte la phtocopie de la copie du Michal de la Vita anonyme du st. Ivan Rilski, publiée pour la première fois. La copie méme est édite dans la damasquine de Michal, recueil du 18 e s., édition combinée. Elle se trouve dans la Bibliothèque nationale de Cyrile et Methode, manuscrit N 688, p. 251 - p. 258 b, recopié par Michal (Michail) pop Guéorguiev. La copie appartien à l’ainsi dite rédaction damasquinée de la Vita anonyme qui se distingue par l’adaptation complète du texte aux stratégies communicatives des lectures du type “popupaires”.
Les souvenirs du célébre homme d’esprit de Choumène d-r Ivan Sakelariev de son père, dont la vie est liée au Monastère de Rila, représentent aussi une grande importance à ce sujet.
РЕЗЮМЕ
Цель этой книги быть введением к двум большим и значимым темам для болгарского Средневековья: народной культуре и монастырской культуре. Они давно присуствуют в мировой исследовательской практике, но в болгарской науке они недостаточно полно разработаны. Тематика книги является частью обширной темы: народные жития и система народной культуры. Рассматриваемые явления характерны для перехода от Средневековья к Новому времени: это цикл болгарских народных житий, знакомых по спискам 15 - 18 вв. Жития - это писание для народа, проявившееся самым полноценным образом именно в эпоху позднего Средневековья.
Предмет этого исследования - динамические отношения между двумя разновидностями монастырской культуры - монашеской и фольклорной - в эпоху позднего болгарского Средневековья. Это разделение формирует всю работу, в которой порядок отдельных частей следует движение письменного монашеского слова как текстопораждающее начало к возникновению междинных мобильных форм, при постепенном отталкивании от него к доминирующему устному слову в религиозно - легендарном эпосе.
The presentation examines the location as a space inhabited by the human communities and as a generator for narratives of its past and its present. The attention is directed to the informational potential of the toponyms and the stories (biographic narratives, worldly stories, toponymic stories, etc.) which aim is to reach an original oral history of the settlement. They support the individual and collective identity of the local man.
When examining the problem “space-memory-identity” I use the methods of the folklore and the ethnology and mostly the terrain examination. When necessary I have input additional information from written sources (Ottoman documents, archives, registers, etc.)
Monograph refers to actual to the contemporary scientific problems connected to: the regional typology of the Bulgarian folklore culture; examination of the folklore of the ethno-confessional communities in Bulgaria; functioning of the folklore culture in the context of the informational society in XXI century. All this determines the examined questions and the structure of the presentation:
“Place and memory” direct to the outline of the inhabited by the human communities territory by the evidences of the toponymy and toponymic stories in the empiric example from the village of Izbul, district of Shoumen. The village space and its oral history are given a meaning by the family memory and the linear stories of inhabitation-movement-deportation.
“The sacred places around the village of Izbul” directs to the topos of the sacred and its dynamics in the local oral story. As an object with regional meaning so far they were beyond the scope of the purposeful research interest. There has been established connection with the net from objects of the heterodox Islam on the Bulgarian lands whose traces in the local memory are only in the toponymy and anthroponymy.
“We and they in the village microcosmos” is a try for introduction in the dynamics of the ethnoculture interactions in the field of the village microcosmos. Answers to the questions like are looked for: The holiday and the workday in the village chronotop; the idea about The Other and his names; the figures of mediation; the religious thing as narration; rationalization of the native and home land as values of a high rank. And all these things are questions building the complex system of identity.
“The masquerade type of Camal”, registered among the Muslims in the district of Shoumen and Razgrad. There is an indicative example for ethno-confessional riches of games with performers in costumes on the Balkan Peninsula, Asia Minor, Anatolia. There is a try here for its typological analysis and its commitment with the premonotheistic cult to the Devil, which directs to the general cultural fund of the peoples of Eurasia.
As applications there are materials which are result of the direct terrain work and of the evidences of the written sources (Ottoman and archive documents).