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| image_size = 300
| caption = An Oregon Air National Guard F-15C Eagle takes off from the Portland Air National Guard Base 2 October 2010.
| dates = 1943–Present1943–1945; 1946–present
| country = {{Flag|United States|23px}}
| allegiancebranch = {{Flag|Oregon}}[[Air National Guard]]
| branch = [[File:US-AirNationalGuard-2007Emblem.svg|25px]]  [[Air National Guard]]
| type = Wing
| role = Fighter/Air Defense/Special Tactics
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| nickname = Redhawks
| patron =
| motto = "''Semper Vigilans''<br/>([[Latin]]: "Always ready")
| colors =
| colors_label =
| march =
| mascot =
| equipment = Red tail stripe "Redhawks" "Portland OR" with flying hawk graphic "Oregon"
| equipment_label = Tail code
| battles =
| anniversaries =
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| disbanded =
| flying_hours =
| website = http{{URL|https://www.142fw142wg.ang.af.mil/}}
| commander1 = Colonel Todd A. Hofford<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2021 |title=Colonel Todd A. Hofford |url=https://www.142wg.ang.af.mil/Resources/Biographies/Display/Article/2934544/colonel-todd-a-hofford/ |access-date=2022-10-01 |website=142nd Wing |language=en-US}}</ref>
| commander1 = Colonel David N. Unruh
| commander1_label =
| notable_commanders = <!-- Insignia -->
| identification_symbol = [[File:142d Fighter142nd Wing.jpgpng|150px165px]]
| identification_symbol_label = 142nd Fighter Wing emblem<!-- Aircraft -->
| identification_symbol_2 = [[File:142d Fighter Wing.svg|165px]]
| aircraft_attack =
| identification_symbol_2_label = 142nd Fighter Wing emblem
| aircraft_bomber =
| identification_symbol_3 = [[File:142nd Fighter Wing.png|165px]]
| aircraft_electronic =
| identification_symbol_3_label = 142nd Fighter Wing emblem
| aircraft_fighter = F-15 Eagle
| aircraft_helicopter =
| aircraft_helicopter_attack =
| aircraft_helicopter_cargo =
| aircraft_helicopter_multirole =
| aircraft_helicopter_observation =
| aircraft_helicopter_trainer =
| aircraft_helicopter_utility =
| aircraft_interceptor =
| aircraft_patrol =
| aircraft_recon =
| aircraft_trainer =
| aircraft_transport =
| aircraft_tanker =
| aircraft_helicopter_transport =
}}
 
The '''142nd Wing''' is a unit of the [[Oregon Air National Guard]] and the [[United States Air Force]], stationed at [[Portland Air National Guard Base]], Oregon. The '''142nd Fighter Wing''' was re-designated the '''142nd Wing''' as of March 6, 2020.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dvidshub.net/news/366855/142nd-fighter-wing-redesignates-142nd-wing|title = 142nd Fighter Wing Redesignates to the 142nd Wing}}</ref>
 
As a state militia unit, the 142nd Wing is not in the normal United States Air Force [[command hierarchy|chain of command]]. It is under the jurisdiction of the [[Oregon Air National Guard]] unless it is federalized by order of the [[President of the United States]]. If activated tofor federal service, the wing iswould gainedfall byunder thecontrol [[United States Air Force]]of [[Air Combat Command]].
 
The [[123rd Fighter Squadron]] assigned to the wing's 142nd Operations Group, isdescends afrom descendant organization ofthe '''123rd Observation Squadron''', formed on 30 July 1940. It is one of the [[List of observation squadrons of the United States Army National Guard|29 original National Guard Observation Squadrons]] of the [[United States Army National Guard]] formed before [[World War II]]. The 123rd FS acts as a part of [[First Air Force]] and the [[Western Air Defense Sector]], providing [[air sovereignty]] and [[homeland defense]] of the Western United States for [[NORAD]] on a 24/7 basis.<ref>[https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/usaf/1af.htm 1st Air Force]</ref>
 
The 142nd Wing is also home to the 125th Special Tactics Squadron (STS), which conducts a wide array of special forces operations both domestically, and internationally, is also part of the wing. According to the 125th STS mission statement, the squadron is "poised for full spectrum rapid response to all crises and contingencies at home or abroad".<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=125th Special Tactics Squadron|url=https://www.142fw.ang.af.mil/Resources/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/438156/125th-special-tactics-squadron/|access-date=2021-04-27|website=142nd Wing|language=en-US}}</ref> Additionally, theThe 125th STS is one of only two Special Tactics Units in the Air National Guard.<ref name=":1" /> The inclusion of the 125th STS under the Wing led to the organization re-designating itself as the 142nd Wing in order to better articulate the varied capabilities of the organization.<ref name=":0redesignation" />
 
==Overview==
The 142nd Wing participates around the globe supporting drug interdiction, [[United States Air Forces in Europe - Air Forces Africa|United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE)]] air defense, as well as contingency operations such as Operations [[Noble Eagle]], [[Enduring Freedom]], and [[Iraq War|Iraqi Freedom]]. The wing serves the nation, state, and community by providing mission-ready units, personnel, and equipment for:▼
* [[Air defense]] of the [[Pacific Northwest]]
* Domination of the [[air superiority]] arena▼
* [[Federal government of the United States|Federal]] augmentation in support of [[national security]] objectives▼
* Response to state and local contingencies▼
*Domestic search and rescue operations▼
* Proactive involvement in activities that add value to the people and communities which it serves▼
 
Today the fighting "Redhawks" continue service as a component of the total force flying the [[F-15 Eagle|F-15C/D]], providing air defense and air superiority capabilities. With more than 1,000 officers and [[airmen|Airman]], the unit guards the [[Pacific Northwest]] skies from northern California to the Canada–US border, on 24-hour alert as part of the North American Air Defense ([[NORAD]]) system.
 
==Units==
To completecarry out these missions, four groups are assigned to the 142nd Fighter Wing▼
[[File:OregonAirNationalGuardcommtower.jpg|thumb|Tech from 142nd Fighter Wing working on a communications tower]]▼
▲To complete these missions, four groups are assigned to the 142nd Fighter Wing
* 142nd Operations Group
: -[[116th Air Control Squadron]], Camp Rilea AFTC, Warrenton
: -142nd Security Forces Squadron
: -[[123rd Fighter Squadron]]
: -[[125th Special Tactics Squadron]]
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* 142nd Medical Group
 
In addition, Portland Air National Guard Base in Portland, Oregon, is host to several tenant units as well as the Air Force Reserve [[304th Rescue Squadron]].
 
==History==
===World War II===
[[File:P-47-44-200284-404fs-371fg.jpg|thumb|left|Republic P-47D-28-RE Thunderbolt, AAF Ser. No. 44-200284, of the 404th Fighter Squadron (photo taken at Fürth/Industrieflughafen, Germany.)]]▼
Formed at [[Westover Field]], Massachusetts in August 1943, the 371st Fighter Group trained in the mid-Atlantic area, and moved to the European theater during February and March 1944, serving in combat with 9th Air Force from April 1944 to May 1945.
 
During this time, the 371st Fighter Group began operations, using P-47 fighter aircraft over France. This involved dive-bombing, and escort missions prior to the invasion of Europe. Additionally, the 371st attacked railroads, trains, vehicles, gun emplacements, and buildings in France during the invasion on June 6, 1944. The Fighter Group also patrolled beachhead areas and continued its assaults against the enemy during the remainder of the Normandy campaign. This included participation in the aerial barrage that prepared the way for the Allied breakthrough at [[St. Lo]] on July 25, and supported the subsequent drive across northern France.
▲[[File:P-47-44-200284-404fs-371fg.jpg|thumb|leftright|Republic P-47D-28-RE Thunderbolt, AAF Ser. No. 44-200284, of the 404th Fighter Squadron (photo taken at Fürth/Industrieflughafen, Germany.)]]
Operated in the area of northeastern France and southwestern Germany during the fall and winter of 1944–1945, attacking such targets as storage dumps, trains, rail lines, [[marshalling yards]], buildings, factories, bridges, roads, vehicles, and strong points. Conducted operations that supported Allied ground action in the [[Battle of the Bulge]], December 1944– January1944–January 1945. Launched a series of attacks against vehicles, factories, buildings, railroad cars, tanks, and gun emplacements during the period 15–21 March 1945, being awarded a DUCDistinguished Unit Citation for this six-day action that contributed to the defeat of the enemy in southern Germany.▼
 
Continued operations until May 1945. Returned to the US, October and November 1945, and inactivated.▼
▲Operated in the area of northeastern France and southwestern Germany during the fall and winter of 1944–1945, attacking such targets as storage dumps, trains, rail lines, [[marshalling yards]], buildings, factories, bridges, roads, vehicles, and strong points. Conducted operations that supported Allied ground action in the [[Battle of the Bulge]], December 1944– January 1945. Launched a series of attacks against vehicles, factories, buildings, railroad cars, tanks, and gun emplacements during the period 15–21 March 1945, being awarded a DUC for this six-day action that contributed to the defeat of the enemy in southern Germany.
 
▲Continued operations until May 1945. Returned to the US, October and November 1945 and inactivated.
 
===Oregon Air National Guard===
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In 1972 it received the Mach-2 [[F-101B Voodoo]]. As an example of the unit's readiness and capability, in 1976, the unit won top honors at a pair of Aerospace Defense Command (ADC) competitions, the Weapons Loading Competition and the famous William Tell Air Defense Competition. In William Tell 1976, the 142nd garnered first place in the F-101 category and Lieutenant Colonel Don Tonole and Major Brad Newell captured the overall "Top Gun" title flying the McDonnell F-101B Voodoo.
 
After the inactivation of [[Aerospace Defense Command]] in 1979 and the reassignment to [[Tactical Air Command]] (ADTAC), the 123rd began receiving [[F-4C Phantom II]] aircraft used in the interceptor mission beginning in 1981. Success came again at William Tell 1984 when the unit placed first in the F-4 category flying the McDonnell-Douglas F-4C Phantom II and beat many of its [[F-15 Eagle]] and [[F-106 Delta Dart]] rivals in the overall competition. Majors Ron Moore and Bill DejagerDe Jager were the overall F-4 "Top Guns" of the competition.
 
In 1985, as part of the retirement of the F-4C from the inventory, the Oregon Air National Guard began to receive [[F-15A Eagle]]s from active-duty units receiving the upgraded F-15C. Since the end of the [[Cold War]], the 142nd has served as the principal air defense unit of the Pacific Northwest. In 1992, as part of a large USAF reorganization, both the group and squadron were re-designated yet again as the 142nd Fighter Group and the 123rd Fighter Squadron, respectively. In 1995 the group was elevated to wing status, beginning its current designation as the 142nd Fighter Wing.
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The wing participated in a wide variety of expeditionary and humanitarian assistance missions in the turbulent post-Cold War environment while providing air defense of the Pacific Northwest. These included major deployments to Turkey in 1998 for [[Operation Northern Watch]] and to Saudi Arabia in 2000 for [[Operation Southern Watch]]. The wing deployed aircraft to Panama in 1998 in support of counter-drug missions, helping stem the flow of the drug trade by air. Wing personnel deployed on various other missions, sending medical troops to Belize, civil engineers to Macedonia, and to such places around the globe as Curaçao, Denmark, Germany, Guam, Kuwait, Spain and the United Kingdom.
 
===Global WarTwenty-first oncentury Terrorism===
On September 11, 2001, the wing was one of the first units to respond to the [[9/11 terrorist attacks]] on the east[[East coastCoast of the United States]] with increased air defense to enhance security on the west coast,. This andled subsequentlyinto participatedparticipation in [[Operation Noble Eagle]].
 
In the 50th Year of William Tell Anniversary Competition held in 2004, the 142nd Fighter Wing was rated first in maintenance, element attack and gun categories.{{cn|date=October These William Tell successes demonstrate Oregon's long history of excellent performance and readiness to accomplish the real world mission.2023}}
 
In 2004, unit personnel provided humanitarian aid in the wake of Hurricanes [[Hurricane Katrina|Katrina]] and [[Hurricane Rita|Rita]] and the 2007 floods in Vernonia, Oregon. The wing also supported ongoing contingency operations in Southwest Asia, including [[Operation Iraqi Freedom]] and [[Operation Enduring Freedom]], such as in the 2004 deployment of medical personnel to Qatar and the 2009 deployment of Security Forces Squadron personnel to Iraq.
 
In 2005, the early 1970s F-15A model were retired and the squadron received its current aircraft, the F-15C Eagle. With more than 1,000 officers and airmen, the 142nd Fighter Wing guards the Pacific Northwest skies from northern California to the Canada–US border, on 24-hour Air Sovereignty Alert as part of Air Combat Command the [[North American Aerospace Defense Command]] (NORAD). The wing also stands ready to participate in state and federal contingency missions as required.
 
The base was selected by the [[2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission|]] (2005 BRAC]]) to close. Eleventh-hour negotiations between the political delegations from the states of Washington and Oregon saved the base from closure. Ironically the argument made by several groups to save the base was that of the NORAD mission it performed and the air cover it provided for the Pacific Northwest was essential to [[homeland security]]. However, the 2005 BRAC commission recommended keeping a small detachment in place at the base in order to support NORAD but close all other operations. As part of the recommendations of the 2005 BRAC, the [[Air Force Reserve Command]]'s [[939th Air Refueling Wing]]<nowiki/> which was also located on the Portland Air National Guard Station was forced to terminate operations.
 
On June 26, 2007, an [[F-15 Eagle]] from the 142nd Fighter Wing crashed into the Pacific Ocean during a simulated [[dogfight]]. Two F-15s from the 142nd were flying with two [[F/A-18 Hornet]]s from [[Naval Air Station Fort Worth Joint Reserve Base]] performing [[dissimilar air combat training]]. The [[United States Coast Guard]] performed a search using two [[HH-60 Jayhawk]]s, two [[United States Coast Guard Cutter|Coast Guard Cutter]]s, and one [[HC-130 Hercules]]. The night of the crash, the pilot, Major Gregory Young's body was found 40 miles west of [[Cannon Beach, Oregon|Cannon Beach]], Oregon.<ref>{{citeCite report web|url=http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/ExecSum2007/F-15A_Portland_26Jun07.pdf |title=ArchivedExecutive copySummary, Aircraft Accident Investigation |date=2007-06-26 |access-date=16 October 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053928/http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/ExecSum2007/F-15A_Portland_26Jun07.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The crash was due to unrecognized spatial disorientation, which caused the pilot to misperceive his attitude, altitude, and airspeed until his aircraft impacted the water.
 
In August 2010, two F-15 Eagles from the 142nd Fighter Wing were dispatched to Seattle, Washington, during a visit by President Barack Obama. The aircraft were scrambled due to a civilian aircraft violating protected airspace established for the President's visit.<ref>{{Cite web|last=STAFF|first=SEATTLEPI COM|date=2010-08-17|title=Fighters scrambled after flight restriction violation during Obama visit; booms reported around region|url=https://www.seattlepi.com/seattlenews/article/Fighters-scrambled-after-flight-restriction-890871.php|access-date=2021-05-11|website=seattlepi.com|language=en-US}}</ref> The jets produced two sonic booms over the Seattle skyline, the civilian [[Cessna 182]] left restricted airspace before the jets arrived.
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On August 10, 2018, two F-15C's from the 142nd, both originally Massachusetts Air National Guard fighters on a "swap" to the Oregon Air National Guard, intercepted a [[2018 Horizon Air Q400 incident|stolen Horizon Air Bombardier Q400 turboprop]] over Seattle.<ref name="warzone">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/22807/oregon-f-15s-scramble-to-seattle-to-intercept-possibly-stolen-q400-airliner|title = Oregon F-15s Scramble to Seattle to Intercept Possibly Stolen Q400 Airliner (Updated)}}</ref> The fighters armed with live [[AIM-9 Sidewinder]] and [[AIM-120 AMRAAM]] missiles, intercepted and escorted the plane away from populated areas before it crashed on [[Ketron Island]], near [[McChord Air Force Base]].<ref name="warzone" />
 
In June 2019, the 142nd Fighter Wing celebrated 30 years of flying the F-15 aircraft.<ref>{{Cite web|author=KATU Staff|date=2019-06-03|title=Portland-based 142nd Fighter Wing celebrates 30 years of flying F-15 Eagles|url=https://katu.com/news/local/portland-based-142nd-fighter-wing-celebrates-30-years-of-flying-f-15-eagles|access-date=2021-04-27|website=KATU}}</ref> Due in part to the organizationswing's increasedlong familiarity with the aircraft, the 142nd Wingit was selected as one of the first operational wings to receive the [[Boeing F-1515EX EX "Eagle II"]] fighter jetaircraft. TheF-15EX aircraft isare slatedexpected to arrive sometime in 2024, or 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The 142nd Wing is Gearing Up for the New F-15EX|url=http://www.dvidshub.net/news/388794/142nd-wing-gearing-up-new-f-15ex|access-date=2021-04-27|website=DVIDS|language=en}}</ref> On June 6, 2024, first F-15EX for 142nd Wing arrived in Oregon. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tirpak |first=John |date=2024-06-07 |title=First Operational F-15EX Arrives in Oregon; Milestone for Air Guard |url=https://www.airandspaceforces.com/first-operational-f-15ex-oregon/ |access-date=2024-06-19 |website=Air & Space Forces Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>
 
=== 2020s ===
▲[[File:OregonAirNationalGuardcommtower.jpg|thumb|TechTechnician from 142nd Fighter Wing working on a communications tower]]
The unit was redesignated as the '''142nd Wing''' as of 6 March 2020, following the addition of the [[125th Special Tactics Squadron]].<ref name="redesignation">{{Cite web |last=Frank |first=Alexander |date=2020-04-08 |title=142nd Fighter Wing Redesignates to the 142nd Wing |url=https://www.dvidshub.net/news/366855/142nd-fighter-wing-redesignates-142nd-wing |access-date=2022-10-01 |website=DVIDS}}</ref>
 
OnIn February 2021 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Governor Kate Brown activated the Oregon National Guard to help administer the COVID-19 vaccine to the public. As part of this effort, members of the 142nd Medical Group worked to administer the vaccine at the Oregon Convention Center mass vaccination site.<ref>{{Cite web|last=McCarthy|first=Dan|date=2021-03-26|title=More Oregon National Guardsman may be called to help administer COVID-19 vaccines|url=https://katu.com/news/local/more-oregon-national-guardsman-may-be-called-to-help-administer-covid-19-vaccines|access-date=2021-04-27|website=KATU}}</ref>▼
 
▲TheToday the 142nd Wing participates around the globe supportingsupports drug interdiction, [[United States Air Forces in Europe - Air Forces Africa|United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE)]] air defense, as well as contingency operations such as OperationsOperation [[Noble Eagle]], [[Enduring Freedom]], and [[Iraq War|Iraqi Freedom]]. The wing serves the nation, state, and community by providingprovides mission-ready units, personnel, and equipment for:
* [[Air defense]] of the [[Pacific Northwest]], guarding the skies from northern California to the Canada–US border, on 24-hour alert as part of [[North American Air Defense Command]]
▲* Domination of the [[air superiority]] arenamissions
▲* [[Federal government of the United States|Federal]] augmentation in support of [[nationalDepartment securityof Defense (United States)|Department of Defense]] objectives
▲* Response to state and local contingencies
▲*Domestic search and rescue operations
▲* Proactive involvement in activities that add value to the people and communities which it serves
 
Today the wing flies the [[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] (C and D models), providing air defense and air superiority capabilities. It has more than 1,000 officers and [[enlisted ranks]] personnel.
▲On February 2021 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Governor Kate Brown activated the Oregon National Guard to help administer the COVID-19 vaccine to the public. As part of this effort, members of the 142nd Medical Group worked to administer the vaccine at the Oregon Convention Center mass vaccination site.<ref>{{Cite web|last=McCarthy|first=Dan|date=2021-03-26|title=More Oregon National Guardsman may be called to help administer COVID-19 vaccines|url=https://katu.com/news/local/more-oregon-national-guardsman-may-be-called-to-help-administer-covid-19-vaccines|access-date=2021-04-27|website=KATU}}</ref>
 
===Lineage===
[[File:142d Air Defense Wing - Emblem.png|thumb|175px|Legacy 142nd Air Defense Wing Emblem]]
* Constituted as '''371st Fighter Group''' on 25 May 1943
: Activated on 15 July 1943
: Inactivated on 10 November 1945
* Re-designated:Redesignated '''142nd Fighter Group'''. Allotted to Oregon ANG on 24 May 1946.
: Extended federal recognition on 30 August 1946
* Established as '''142nd Fighter Wing''', extended federal recognition and activated on 1 November 1950
:: 142nd Fighter Group assigned as subordinate unit
: Federalized and placed on active duty, 2 March 1951
: Re-designated:Redesignated '''142nd Fighter-Interceptor Wing''' on 2 March 1951
: Inactivated on 6 February 1952
* Returned to Oregon state control and activated on 1 November 1952
: Re-designated:Redesignated '''142nd Air Defense Wing''', on 16 April 1956
:: Group re-designated as 142nd Fighter Group (Air Defense)
: Re-designated:Redesignated '''142nd Fighter-Interceptor Wing''', on 1 July 1960
:: Group re-designated as 142nd Fighter-Interceptor Group
: Re-designated:Redesignated '''142nd Fighter Wing''' on 16 March 1992
:: Group re-designated as 142nd Operations Group
: Redesignated '''142nd Wing''' on 6 March 2020<ref name="redesignation"/>
 
===Assignments===
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* 142nd Operations Group, 11 October 1995 – Present
* 142nd Tactical Fighter Training Group, 1 January 1983 – 15 March 1992
* [[114th Fighter Squadron]], 15 March 1992 – 1 April 1996 (GSU[[Crater atLake–Klamath Regional Airport]] (Kingsley Field), OROregon)
* [[116th Fighter Squadron|116th Fighter (later Fighter-Interceptor) Squadron]], 31 October 1950 – 10 February 1951; 1 November 1952 – 16 April 1956
* [[123rd Fighter Squadron|123rd Fighter (Later Fighter-Interceptor, Fighter) Squadron]], 30 August 1946 – Present
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* [[F-4C Phantom II]], 1981–1989
* [[F-15A/B Eagle]], 1989–2009
* [[F-15C/D Eagle]], 2007–Present (Planned retirement date 2025)
* [[Boeing F-15EX Eagle II|F-15EX Eagle II]], 2025–
{{col-end}}
 
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==References==
{{Portal|World War II|Oregon}}
{{Air Force Historical Research Agency}}
{{Reflist}}
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==External links==
{{Commons|Oregon Air National Guard}}
* [http://www.142fw.ang.af.mil/ 142nd FW home page]
* {{cite web |url=https://www.aef.org/magazine/April2002/0402redhawk.pdf |title=''Air Force Magazine'' article on the 142nd |publisher=The Air Force Association |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211194744/https://www.aef.org/magazine/April2002/0402redhawk.pdf |archive-date=11 February 2012}}
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