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{{For|the legendary Jewish priest and convert to Christianity|Abiathar and Sidonia}}
{{Redirect|Eviatar|people with the name|Abiathar (name)}}
{{missing|whether or not scholars believe Abiathar was a historical person vs. fictional|date=December 2023}}
[[File:Cathédrale Notre-Dame - Portail ouest, Abiathar, Reine de Saba - Reims - Médiathèque de l'architecture et du patrimoine - APMH00030041.jpg|thumb|220px|Statue of Abiathar (next to the [[Queen of Sheba]]) at [[Reims Cathedral]].]]
'''Abiathar''' ({{
==Bible account==
[[1 Samuel]] and [[2 Samuel]] mention Abiathar several times.
Abiathar was the only one of the priests to escape from [[Saul]]'s (reigned c. 1020–1000 BCE) massacre in [[Nob, Israel|Nob]], when his father and the priests of Nob were slain on the command of Saul. He fled to [[David]] (reigned c. 1003–970 BCE) at [[Keilah]], taking with him the [[ephod]] and other priestly regalia.<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Samuel|22:20|KJV}} f., {{bibleref2-nb|1 Samuel|23:6, 9|KJV}}</ref> Rabbinical literature that linked the later extermination of the male descendants of David with the priests of Nob, also link the survival of David's descendant [[Jehoash of Judah|Joash]] with that of Abiathar.<ref>Sanh. 95b</ref><ref name=je>[https://archive.today/20071113024537/http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view_page.jsp?artid=265&letter=A&pid=0 ''Jewish Encyclopedia'' p.56]</ref>▼
▲According to these books, Abiathar was the only one of the priests to escape from [[Saul]]'s (reigned c. 1020–1000 BCE) massacre in [[Nob, Israel|Nob]], when his father and the priests of Nob were slain on the command of Saul. He fled to [[David]] (reigned c. 1003–970 BCE) at [[Keilah]], taking with him the [[ephod]] and other priestly regalia.<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Samuel|22:20|KJV}} f., {{bibleref2-nb|1 Samuel|23:6, 9|KJV}}</ref> Rabbinical literature that linked the later extermination of the male descendants of David with the priests of Nob, also link the survival of David's descendant [[Jehoash of Judah|Joash]] with that of Abiathar.<ref>Sanh. 95b</ref><ref name=je>[https://archive.today/20071113024537/http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view_page.jsp?artid=265&letter=A&pid=0 ''Jewish Encyclopedia'' p.56]</ref>
The Biblical account says Abiathar joined David, who was then in the cave of [[Adullam]].<ref>{{bibleref2|1 Samuel|22:20–23|KJV}}; {{bibleverse-nb|1 Samuel|23:6|KJV}}</ref> He remained with David, and became priest of the party of which he was the leader.<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Samuel|30:7|KJV}}</ref> He was of great service to David, especially at the time of the rebellion of [[Absalom]].<ref>{{bibleref2|2 Samuel|15:24, 29, 35, 20:25|KJV}}</ref> When David ascended the throne of [[Kingdom of Judah|Judah]], Abiathar was appointed High Priest<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Chronicles|15:11|KJV}}; {{bibleverse|1 Kings|2:26|KJV}}</ref> and the "king's counselor".<ref>{{bibleref2|1 Chronicles|27:33–34|KJV}}</ref> Meanwhile, [[Zadok]], of the house of Eleazar, had been made High Priest. Another version says he was Co-Pontiff with Zadok during King David.{{citation needed|date=June 2023}} These appointments continued in force until the end of David's reign. In 1 Kings 4:4,<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Kings|4:4|KJV}}</ref> Zadok and Abiathar are found acting together as priests under Solomon.
The text goes on to say that Abiathar was deposed (the sole historical instance of the deposition of a high priest) and banished to his home at [[Anathoth]] by [[Solomon]],<ref>{{bibleref2|1 Kings|1:22, 26|KJV}}</ref> because he took part in the attempt to raise [[Adonijah]] to the throne instead of Solomon.<ref>{{bibleref2|1 Kings|1:7, 19, 25|KJV}}</ref> The priesthood thus passed from the house of Ithamar<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Samuel|2:30–36|KJV}}; {{bibleref2|1 Kings|1:19; 2:26, 27|KJV}}</ref> to the house of Eleazar.
==In rabbinic literature==
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In 2 Samuel 8:17<ref>{{bibleverse|2 Samuel|8:17|KJV}}</ref> ''Ahimelech, the son of Abiathar'' is suggested to be read, with the Syriac, for ''Abiathar, the son of Ahimelech.''<ref name=Chisholm>{{EB1911|inline=1|wstitle=Abiathar|volume=1|page=62}}</ref>
A similar confusion occurs in [[Gospel of Mark]]:<ref>{{bibleverse-nb|Mark|2:26|KJV}}</ref><ref name=Chisholm/><ref name=EB/> in reporting Jesus' words, [[Mark the Evangelist|the evangelist]] used the name Abiathar when we might expect to see Jesus mention his father [[Ahimelech]].<ref name=EB/> Suggestions made to resolve the difficulty — e.g. that father and son each bore the same double name, or that Abiathar officiated during his father's lifetime and in his father's stead—have been supported by
==References==
{{Reflist}}
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{{s-end}}
{{High Priests of Judaism}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:11th-century BCE
[[Category:10th-century BCE
[[Category:People
[[Category:Family of Eli (biblical figure)]]
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