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{{Alternative medicine sidebar}}
'''Acupuncture'''{{efn|From the [[Latin language|Latin]] {{lang|la|acus}} (needle) and {{lang|la|punctura}} (to puncture).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pyne D, Shenker NG | title = Demystifying acupuncture | journal = Rheumatology | volume = 47 | issue = 8 | pages = 1132–36 | date = August 2008 | pmid = 18460551 | doi = 10.1093/rheumatology/ken161 | doi-access = free }}</ref>}} is a form of [[alternative medicine]]<ref name=Berman2010>{{cite journal | vauthors = Berman BM, Langevin HM, Witt CM, Dubner R | s2cid = 10129706 | title = Acupuncture for chronic low back pain | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 363 | issue = 5 | pages = 454–61 | date = July 2010 | pmid = 20818865 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMct0806114 }}</ref> and a component of [[traditional Chinese medicine]] (TCM) in which thin needles are inserted into the body.<ref name="Adams 2011"/> Acupuncture is a [[pseudoscience]];<ref name=Baran2014>{{cite book |vauthors=Baran GR, Kiana MF, Samuel SP |title=Healthcare and Biomedical Technology in the 21st Century |chapter=Science, Pseudoscience, and Not Science: How do They Differ? |publisher=Springer |year=2014 |pages=19–57 |doi=10.1007/978-1-4614-8541-4_2 |isbn=978-1-4614-8540-7 |quote=various pseudosciences maintain their popularity in our society: acupuncture, astrology, homeopathy, etc.}}</ref><ref name=Khine2012>{{cite book |vauthors=Good R |veditors=Khine MS |title=Advances in Nature of Science Research: Concepts and Methodologies |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4uOqSId2IjsC&pg=PA103 |year=2012 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-94-007-2457-0 |page=103 |chapter=Chapter 5: Why the Study of Pseudoscience Should Be Included in Nature of Science Studies |quote=Believing in something like chiropractic or acupuncture really can help relieve pain to a small degree [...] but many related claims of medical cures by these pseudosciences are bogus. |access-date=3 August 2016 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415011907/https://books.google.com/books?id=4uOqSId2IjsC&pg=PA103 |url-status=live }}</ref> the theories and practices of TCM are not based on [[Science|scientific knowledge]],<ref name="Barrett2007" /> and it has been
There is a range of acupuncture technological variants that originated in different philosophies,<ref name="Peñas2010" /> and techniques vary depending on the country in which it is performed. However, it can be divided into two main foundational philosophical applications and approaches; the first being the modern standardized form called [[eight principles]] TCM and the second being an older system that is based on the ancient [[Daoist]] ''[[Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)|wuxing]]'', better known as the five elements or phases in the West.<ref name="Ernst2006" /><ref>{{Cite journal|date=2009-12-01|title=A Study of the Sa-Ahm Five Element Acupuncture Theory|journal=Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies|language=en|volume=2|issue=4|pages=309–320|doi=10.1016/S2005-2901(09)60074-1|issn=2005-2901|last1=Ahn|first1=Chang-Beohm|last2=Jang|first2=Kyung-Jun|last3=Yoon|first3=Hyun-Min|last4=Kim|first4=Cheol-Hong|last5=Min|first5=Young-Kwang|last6=Song|first6=Chun-Ho|last7=Lee|first7=Jang-Cheon|pmid=20633508|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Syndrome differentiation according to the eight principles |url=http://www.shen-nong.com/eng/exam/diagnosis_eightprinciples.html |access-date=3 February 2021 |website=www.shen-nong.com |publisher=Shen-nong Limited |archive-date=10 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810023753/http://www.shen-nong.com/eng/exam/diagnosis_eightprinciples.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Acupuncture is most often used to attempt pain relief,<ref name="Ernst 2011" /><ref name="NCCAM2010" /> though acupuncturists say that it can also be used for a wide range of other conditions. Acupuncture is generally used only in combination with other forms of treatment.<ref name="Hutchinson2012">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hutchinson AJ, Ball S, Andrews JC, Jones GG | title = The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating chronic non-specific low back pain: a systematic review of the literature | journal = Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = 36 | date = October 2012 | pmid = 23111099 | pmc = 3563482 | doi = 10.1186/1749-799X-7-36 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
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