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{{about|the geographical region|the wine region in South Australia| Adelaide Hills wine region}}
{{more citations needed|section=yes|date=June 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Use Australian English|date=September 2014}}
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| name = Adelaide Hills
| state = sa
| image =
|photo1a = CSIRO ScienceImage 4094 Vineyards and mixed farming in the Adelaide Hills South Australia 1992 (cropped).jpg
|photo1b = St Paul's Lutheran Church, Hahndorf (retouched) (cropped).jpg
|photo2a = Mount Lofty House - Adelaide (26066318008) (cropped).jpg
|photo2b = Strathalbyn railway station yard, 2014 (cropped).jpg
|photo3a = ADH hahndorf 05 chocolate cafe (cropped).jpg
|photo3b = Mount Lofty House - Adelaide (26066310488) (cropped).jpg
|photo4a = One Tree Hill Institute (cropped).jpg
|photo4b = LobethalSA (cropped).JPG
|size = 270
|spacing = 2
|color = transparent
|color_border = transparent
}}
| caption = From top to bottom, left to right: Vineyards in the [[Adelaide Hills wine region]], St Paul's Lutheran Church, [[Hahndorf, South Australia|Hahndorf]], scarecrow sculpture at [[Mount Lofty|Mount Lofty House]], [[Strathalbyn, South Australia|Strathalbyn]] railway station yard, German architecture at Hahndorf, autumn foliage at [[Mount Lofty]], hall at [[One Tree Hill, South Australia|One Tree Hill]] and the Main Street of [[Lobethal, South Australia|Lobethal]]
| pop = 72,260
| pop_year = {{CensusAU|2016}}
| pop_footnotes = <ref>{{Census 2016 AUS|id=LGA40120|name=Adelaide Hills (DC) |accessdate=4 May 2018|quick=on}}</ref><ref>
| area =
| est = Early 1800s
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| logo =
| url =
| lga = [[Adelaide Hills Council]]<br />[[District Council of Mount Barker]]<ref name=Region>{{cite web|title=Adelaide Hills (South Australian Government Regions)|url=http://www.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/16470/Adelaide_Hills_SA_Government_region.pdf|publisher=Department of Transport, Planning and Infrastructure|
| stategov = [[Electoral district of Kavel|Kavel]], [[Electoral district of Heysen|Heysen]], [[Electoral district of Morialta|Morialta]], [[Electoral district of Schubert|Schubert]]
| fedgov = [[Division of Mayo|Mayo]]
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| fedgov4 = [[Division of Boothby|Boothby]], [[Division of Kingston|Kingston]]
}}
The '''Adelaide Hills''' region is located in the southern [[Mount Lofty Ranges]] east of the city of [[Adelaide]] in the state of [[South Australia]]. The largest town in the area, [[Mount Barker, South Australia|Mount Barker]]
The [[Adelaide Hills wine region]] comprises areas of the Adelaide Hills above {{cvt|300|m}}.
== History ==
{{See also|History of Adelaide}}
[[File:Heysen Droving.jpg|thumb|The 1921 painting ''[[Droving into the light]]'' by [[Hans Heysen]], inspired by the Adelaide Hills landscape]]
The Adelaide Hills were among the first areas of South Australia to be settled by European settlers. A number of towns in the Hills were started as [[German settlement in Australia|German settlements]]; [[Hahndorf, South Australia|Hahndorf]], and [[Lobethal, South Australia|Lobethal]] are two widely known examples. The original town names and architecture still reflect this. Descendants of these first settlers and others of [[German people|German]] origin still reside in the area. This explains the strong German cultural connection seen in the number of [[Lutheran Church of Australia|Lutheran]] churches, Lutheran schools which often have German on the curriculum, and the number of older residents who still speak German. Some customs have grown, such as the [[Lobethal, South Australia|Lobethal]] [[Christmas lights]] which began in the 1950s.▼
Before European settlement, the [[Peramangk]] people occupied the Adelaide Hills region, including the land from the foothills, north from Mount Barker through [[Harrogate, South Australia|Harrogate]], [[Gumeracha]], [[Mount Pleasant, South Australia|Mount Pleasant]] and [[Springton, South Australia|Springton]] to the [[Angaston, South Australia|Angaston]] and [[Gawler, South Australia|Gawler]] districts in the [[Barossa Valley]], and also southwards to [[Strathalbyn, South Australia|Strathalbyn]] and [[Myponga, South Australia|Myponga]] on the [[Fleurieu Peninsula]], as well as some sites on the [[River Murray]] to the east of the hills.<ref>{{cite web | title=Peramangk | website=Visit Adelaide Hills | url=https://www.visitadelaidehills.com.au/peramangk | access-date=5 July 2021}}</ref>
▲The Adelaide Hills were among the first areas of South Australia to be settled by European settlers. A number of towns in the Hills were started as [[German settlement in Australia|German settlements]]; [[Hahndorf, South Australia|Hahndorf]]
[[File:South terrace adelaide.jpg|centre|500px|thumb|A view across the [[Adelaide Park Lands|southern parklands]] to the Adelaide Hills from [[South Terrace, Adelaide]]]]▼
Wood was harvested by woodsmen in the hills and carted to the city for building new buildings from the earliest days of the [[colony of South Australia]]. The hills were then named "the Tiers", and the timber merchants "tiersmen". The first pub in the [[East End, Adelaide|East End of Adelaide]], built at 233-237 [[Grenfell Street]], was known as the Woodman (later being rebuilt as The Producers Hotel).<ref>{{cite web| url=https://d31atr86jnqrq2.cloudfront.net/heritage-places/heritage-place-information-sheet-233-237-grenfell-street.pdf| title=Woodmans Inn (Former Producers Hotel)| date=1996| quote=The text in this Information Sheet was copied from the ''Heritage of the City of Adelaide: An Illustrated Guide'' (1996).|publisher= [[City of Adelaide]]}}</ref>
This explains the strong German cultural connection seen in the number of [[Lutheran Church of Australia|Lutheran]] churches, Lutheran schools which often have German on the curriculum, and the number of older residents who still speak German. Some customs have grown, such as the [[Lobethal, South Australia|Lobethal]] [[Christmas lights]] which began in the 1950s.
Today, only one railway goes through the Adelaide Hills: the [[Melbourne-Adelaide rail corridor|Adelaide to Melbourne railway line]], which was first built in the 1870s and has had only some major realignments since (the most significant of which was the boring of a new tunnel at Sleeps Hill). Commuter passenger train services used to run from the city to the town of [[Bridgewater, South Australia|Bridgewater]] in the heart of the hills but were cut back to terminate at [[Belair, South Australia|Belair]] in 1987. <ref>Annual report for year ended 30 June 1988 page 10 State Transit Authority</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Callaghan|first1=WH|title=The Overland Railway|year=1992|publisher=Australian Railway Historical Society|location=Sydney|isbn=0 909650 29 2|page=217}}</ref>
== Culture and attractions ==
[[File:Stirling-Main-Street-2012.jpg|thumb|
[[File:Adelaide Hills.png|thumb|Map of Adelaide Hills]]
▲[[File:Stirling-Main-Street-2012.jpg|thumb|right|The town of [[Stirling, South Australia|Stirling]] is famed for its colourful autumn landscape.]]
[[File:Raywood – house and garden – Aldgate, Adelaide Hills.jpg|thumb|[[Raywood, Aldgate]], formerly Arbury Park ]]
[[File:
For
▲For most Adelaide residents, a drive through the hills is a popular pastime,<ref>[http://indaily.com.au/travel/2015/08/31/my-backyard-adelaide-hills/ My Backyard: Adelaide Hills] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915163004/http://indaily.com.au/travel/2015/08/31/my-backyard-adelaide-hills/ |date=15 September 2015 }}, ''InDaily'', 8 August 2015. Accessed 9 January 2016.</ref> particularly due to proximity. With Adelaide being a linear city extending {{convert|90|km|mi}} north to south, the hills are within {{convert|20|km|mi}} of the majority of residents. Other significant attractions are the cooler (up to 8 degrees) temperatures in summer, lush green and sometimes frosty winters and the picturesque old-world towns situated largely among scenic landscapes. The [[Mount Lofty]] area, home to Adelaide's television transmission towers, has a lookout area, restaurant and the [[Mount Lofty Fire Tower|fire-spotting tower]] that used to be run by the [[Country Fire Service]]. The area receives a light snowfall approximately once every three to four years, occasionally enough to stay on the ground for half a day.
The Adelaide Hills region is close enough to commute to the city, yet is the gateway to the country, so residents enjoy the best of both worlds – the country community life and the convenience of the city. Desirability of the area has increased, particularly since realignment of the road and construction of the [[Heysen Tunnels]] on the [[South Eastern Freeway]] improved road access. Rising real estate prices reflect this. The tunnels, completed in 1999 are named after Sir [[Hans Heysen]], an eminent local landscape painter whose home and studio, "The Cedars", has been maintained as a cultural site located near [[Hahndorf, South Australia|Hahndorf]]. To this day, Hahndorf itself supports a thriving community of artists and craftspeople, either in the town or nearby countryside.
===Wine region===
{{main|Adelaide Hills wine region}}
The [[Adelaide Hills wine region]] includes all areas of the Hills above {{cvt|300|m}}. The elevation leads to cooler nights during the warm summer months, important for increasing the flavour of wines during the ripening season, and higher rainfall.<ref name=wineclimate>{{cite web | title=Climate - South Australia. | website=Adelaide Hills Wine Region | url=https://www.adelaidehillswine.com.au/wine/climate-and-soils/ | access-date=28 October 2021}}</ref>
The Adelaide Hills region is one of the oldest [[wine region]] within Australia. The first vines were planted in the Hills at [[Echunga]] by [[John Barton Hack]] in 1839, three years after [[British colonisation of South Australia|South Australia was declared a province]], with the first wines produced in 1843.<ref>{{cite web | last=Bishop | first= Geoffrey | title=Viticulture | website=Adelaidia | date=12 June 2015 | url=https://adelaidia.history.sa.gov.au/subjects/viticulture | access-date=28 October 2021| quote=This entry was first published in ''The Wakefield companion to South Australian history'' edited by Wilfrid Prest, Kerrie Round and Carol Fort (Adelaide: Wakefield Press, 2001). Edited lightly. Uploaded 12 June 2015.}}</ref>
The area is home to the annual Medieval Fair held at [[Gumeracha, South Australia|Gumeracha]] across one weekend every April, and the English Ale Festival, also annually held each May. Highlights of the Medieval Fair include live jousting tournaments held on horseback, blacksmithing and dance demonstrations, needlework and costume creation, and authentic music provided by wandering troubadours. The genesis and popularity of these two colourful festivals, where patrons are encouraged to come in costume, springs from the relatively large numbers of British ex-patriates who reside in the Hills.▼
===Attractions===
The [[Mount Lofty]] area, home to Adelaide's television transmission towers, has a lookout area, restaurant and the [[Mount Lofty Fire Tower|fire-spotting tower]] that used to be run by the [[Country Fire Service]].{{cn|date=October 2021}}
Gumeracha is home to the [[Big Rocking Horse|largest rocking horse in the world]], standing at {{convert|18.3|m|ft|1}} (approximately the height of a six-storey building) and open to the public, it serves to advertise an adjacent [[wooden toy]] factory and wildlife park.
A small independent weekly newspaper, the ''The Courier'', is published in Mount Barker and serves many Hills towns. Founded in 1880, the paper has never missed a print run. It has been in the hands of the same family, the Marstons, since 1954, with a circulation of 7,500 as of May 2020, down from 15,000 in its heyday in the 1970s and 1980s.▼
The [[National Motor Museum, Birdwood|National Motor Museum]] is at [[Birdwood, South Australia|Birdwood]].<ref name=b2b/>
==Sport and recreation==▼
Sporting and recreational activities are also popular in the hills region, with sports such as [[Australian rules football]], cricket and [[soccer]] having very strong participation rates. The [[Basket Range, South Australia|Basket Range]] Oval is home to the Basket Range Cricket Club.▼
===Events===
The National Motor Museum is the endpoint of the "[[Bay to Birdwood]]" event, in which up to 5,000 motor vehicles are driven by their owners from [[Glenelg, South Australia|Glenelg]] past the city and through the hills to finish at the museum, a distance of {{cvt|70|km}}, where a festival is held. There are two Bay to Birdwood events held on alternate years: the Run, held on even-numbered years, for vehicles manufactured up to 31 December 1959, while the Classic, held on odd-numbered years, is for vehicles manufactured between 1 January 1956 and 31 December 1986.<ref name=b2b>{{cite web | title=About | website=Bay to Birdwood | url=https://baytobirdwood.history.sa.gov.au/about/ | access-date=28 October 2021}}</ref>
▲The area is home to the annual Medieval Fair held at [[Gumeracha, South Australia|Gumeracha]] across one weekend every April, and the English Ale Festival, also annually held each May. Highlights of the Medieval Fair include live jousting tournaments held on horseback, blacksmithing and dance demonstrations, needlework and costume creation, and authentic music provided by wandering troubadours.
Throughout the year there are [[folk music]] sessions and concerts held in various small towns like [[Mount Pleasant, South Australia|Mt Pleasant]], [[Mylor, South Australia|Mylor]] and [[Balhannah, South Australia|Balhannah]] - connected with this same cultural community.
▲Major sporting events in the Adelaide Hills include the [[Tour Down Under]], which makes use of some of South Australia's most popular [[cycling]] locations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ouradelaidehills.com.au/2019/06/16/south-australias-best-cycling-locations/|title=South Australia's best Cycling locations|last=Hills|first=Our Adelaide|website=Our Adelaide Hills|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-11}}</ref>
==Protected areas==
[[File:Piccadilly Valley.JPG|View SE across the [[Piccadilly, South Australia|Piccadilly Valley]] from the [[Mount Lofty|Mount Lofty Scenic Route]]
[[File:CSIRO ScienceImage 4438 Sunflower crop.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|right|Sunflower crop in the Adelaide Hills]]
▲[[File:Piccadilly Valley.JPG|View SE across the [[Piccadilly, South Australia|Piccadilly Valley]] from the [[Mount Lofty|Mount Lofty Scenic Route]]. The summit of [[Mount Barker (South Australia)|Mount Barker]], {{convert|22|km}} away, can be seen on the horizon.|thumb]]
{{See also|Hills Face Zone}}
The Hills region
Many native species of fauna can be encountered within the hills region. Among the more common species include the [[kookaburra]], [[tawny frogmouth]], [[southern brown bandicoot]], kangaroo, [[brown tree frog]], and [[pogona|bearded dragon]]. Several of the less common species include the [[antechinus]] ([[Morialta Conservation Park]]), [[Rosenberg's monitor|heath monitor]] ([[Scott Creek Conservation Park]]) and the very rare [[Morelia spilota metcalfei|inland carpet python]] (greater Mount Barker region).
Many walking trails, including a portion of the [[Heysen Trail]] and bike trails, including the start of the [[Mawson Trail]] abound within the Hills. The Heysen Trail itself extends from the tip of the Fleurieau Peninsula, through the Adelaide Hills and on up to the Flinders Ranges, three hours drive north of Adelaide. Birds found in the Hills include some of the best-known Australian parrots such as the [[crimson rosella|Adelaide rosella]], [[rainbow lorikeet|rainbow]] and [[musk lorikeet]]s as well as large cockatoos like the [[Major Mitchell's cockatoo|Major Mitchell]], and the [[yellow-tailed black cockatoo]]. Smaller but no less spectacular are the [[superb fairywren|superb blue wren]] and [[eastern spinebill]].▼
▲Many walking trails, including a portion of the [[Heysen Trail]] and bike trails, including the start of the [[Mawson Trail]] abound within the Hills. The Heysen Trail itself extends from the tip of the Fleurieau Peninsula, through the Adelaide Hills and on up to the Flinders Ranges, three hours drive north of Adelaide. Birds found in the Hills include
==Facilities==
▲===Sport and recreation===
▲Sporting and recreational activities are also popular in the hills region, with sports such as [[Australian rules football]], cricket and [[soccer]] having very strong participation rates. The [[Basket Range, South Australia|Basket Range]] Oval is home to the Basket Range Cricket Club.
===Media===
▲A small independent weekly newspaper,
==Climate==
[[File:Mt. Lofty Snow.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Snow on [[Mount Lofty]]]]
{{See|Climate of Adelaide}}
It is generally a few degrees cooler in the Hills than in [[Adelaide city centre]] and [[Adelaide Plains|Plains]]. The days are warm in January and February, but the region generally experiences cool nights. This significant [[Diurnal temperature variation|diurnal variation]] results in cool mean daily temperatures even in summer.{{cn|date=October 2021}}
The area receives a light snowfall approximately once every three to four years, occasionally enough to stay on the ground for half a day,{{cn|date=October 2021}} and large amounts of [[hail]] are more likely to fall here than on the Plains.<ref >{{cite web | last=Boisvert | first=Eugene | title=Hail and heavy rain hit Adelaide and the Adelaide Hills as storms roll through South Australia | website=ABC News| publisher= [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] | date=29 September 2021 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-09-29/hail-and-heavy-rain-hit-adelaide/100500962 | access-date=28 October 2021}}</ref>
▲[[File:South terrace adelaide.jpg|centre|500px|thumb|A view across the [[Adelaide Park Lands|southern parklands]] to the Adelaide Hills from [[South Terrace, Adelaide]]]]
==See also==
{{Portal|South Australia}}
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==External links==
{{
{{Wikivoyage|Adelaide Hills}}
* [http://www.visitadelaidehills.com.au/ Visit Adelaide Hills],
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[[Category:Mountain ranges of South Australia]]▼
[[Category:Adelaide Hills| ]]
▲[[Category:Mountain ranges of South Australia]]
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