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| successor = [[Niceto Alcalá-Zamora]] <small>(President of Spain, 1931)</small> <br>[[Juan Carlos I]] <small>(King of Spain, 1975)</small>
| regent = [[Maria Christina of Austria|Maria Christina]] (1886–1902)
| successor1 = [[Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia|Henri VI]]▼
| birth_date = {{birth date|1886|05|17|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Royal Palace of Madrid]], [[Madrid]], [[Restoration (Spain)|Kingdom of Spain]]
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*[[Occitan language|Occitan]]: ''Anfós XIII''
*[[Galician language|Galician]]: ''Afonso XIII''
*[[Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''Alfonso XIII''}} ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''Alfonso León Fernando María Jaime Isidro Pascual Antonio de Borbón y Habsburgo-Lorena''; [[French language|French]]: ''Alphonse Léon Ferdinand Marie Jacques Isidore Pascal Antoine de Bourbon''; 17 May 1886 – 28 February 1941), also known as '''El Africano''' or '''the African''' due to his [[Africanist (Spain)|Africanist
Alfonso XIII's upbringing and public image were closely linked to the military estate; he often presented himself as a soldier-king.<ref>{{Cite journal|page=178|journal=Royal Studies Journal|volume=7|issue=2|year=2020|first=Carolyn|last=Harris|title=Raising Heirs to the Throne in Nineteenth Century Spain: The Education of the Constitutional Monarchy|doi=10.21039/rsj.270|s2cid=234552045|doi-access=free}}</ref> His effective reign started four years after the [[Spanish–American War]], when various social milieus projected their expectations of national regeneration onto him.<ref>{{Cite journal|page=319|first=Javier|last=Moreno Luzón|author-link=Javier Moreno Luzón|publisher=[[Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas|Editorial CSIC]]|location=Madrid|url=https://hispania.revistas.csic.es/index.php/hispania/article/view/398/400|trans-title=Alfonso el Regenerador. Performing Monarchy and Spanish Nationalist Imaginary, from a comparative perspective (1902–1913)|title=Alfonso el Regenerador. Monarquía escénica e imaginario nacionalista español, en perspectiva comparada (1902–1913)|journal=[[Hispania (journal)|Hispania]]|year=2013|volume=LXXIII|issue=244|issn=0018-2141|doi=10.3989/hispania.2013.009|doi-access=free}}</ref> Like other European monarchs of his time he played a political role, entailing a controversial use of his constitutional executive powers.{{Sfn|Moreno Luzón|2013|p=319}} [[Wedding of Alfonso XIII and Princess Victoria Eugenie|His wedding]] to [[Princess Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg]] in 1906 was marred by [[Morral affair|an attempt at regicide]]; he was unharmed.
With public opinion divided over [[World War I]], and moreover a split between [[Central Powers|pro-German]] and [[Allies of World War I|pro-Entente]] sympathizers, Alfonso XIII used his relations with other European royal families to help preserve a stance of neutrality, as espoused by his government
▲His efforts with the [[European War Office]] during [[World War I]]<ref name="royal-knight">{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.loc.gov/international-collections/2018/01/royal-knight-of-charity-king-alfonso-xiii-of-spain-in-wwi/|title="Royal Knight of Charity": King Alfonso XIII of Spain in WWI | 4 Corners of the World: International Collections and Studies at the Library of Congress|first=Anchi|last=Hoh|date=18 January 2018|website=Blogs.loc.gov|access-date=4 March 2022}}</ref> earned him a nomination for the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 1917, which was ultimately won by the [[Red Cross]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show.php?id=687|title=Nomination%20archive|date=1 April 2020|website=NobelPrize.org|access-date=4 March 2022}}</ref> To date, he remains the only monarch known to have been nominated for a Nobel Prize.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://english.elpais.com/elpais/2018/11/08/inenglish/1541680126_698719.html|first=Vicente G.|last=Olaya|title=A king with a mission: the humanitarian deeds of Alfonso XIII during the Great War|work=[[El País]]|date=November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.abc.es/cultura/libros/20140319/abci-alfonsoxiii-oficina-cautivos-gran-201403181911.html?ref=https:%2F%2Fwww.google.com|first=Inés Martín|last=Rodrigo|title=Alfonso XIII, aliado de los cautivos en la Gran Guerra|work=ABC|date=19 March 2014}}</ref>
==Reign==
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[[File:The Nine Sovereigns at Windsor for the funeral of King Edward VII.jpg|thumb|right|The Nine Sovereigns at [[Windsor Castle|Windsor]] for the funeral of King Edward VII, photographed on 20 May 1910. Standing, from left to right: [[Haakon VII of Norway]], [[Ferdinand I of Bulgaria]], [[Manuel II of Portugal]], [[Wilhelm II]] of Germany, [[George I of Greece]] and [[Albert I of Belgium]]. Seated, from left to right: Alfonso XIII of Spain, [[George V]] of the United Kingdom and [[Frederick VIII of Denmark]].]]By 1905, Alfonso was looking for a suitable consort. On a state visit to the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]], he stayed in London at [[Buckingham Palace]] with King [[Edward VII]]. There he met Princess [[Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg]], the daughter of Edward's youngest sister [[Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom|Princess Beatrice]], and a granddaughter of [[Queen Victoria]]. He found her attractive, and she returned his interest. There were obstacles to the marriage. Victoria was a [[Protestantism|Protestant]], and would have to become a Catholic. Victoria's brother, [[Lord Leopold Mountbatten|Leopold]], was a [[haemophilia]]c, so there was a 50 percent chance that Victoria was a carrier of the trait. Finally, Alfonso's mother Maria Christina wanted him to marry a member of her family, the [[House of Habsburg-Lorraine]], or some other Catholic princess, as she considered the Battenbergs to be non-dynastic.
Victoria was willing to change her religion, and her being a haemophilia carrier was only a possibility. Maria Christina was eventually persuaded to drop her opposition. In January 1906 she wrote an official letter to Princess Beatrice proposing the match. Victoria met Maria Christina and Alfonso in [[Biarritz]],
[[File:Anarchist attack on the King of Spain Alfonso XIII (1906).jpg|thumb|left|200px|Photograph taken moments after the assassination attempt on Alfonso and [[Victoria Eugenie]] on their wedding day]]
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{{s-vac|reason=[[Second Spanish Republic]]|next=[[Juan Carlos]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-pre}}
{{s-break}}
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{{s-tul|title=[[King of Spain]]|years=14 April 1931 – 15 January 1941}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona|Juan III]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Infante Alfonso Carlos, Duke of San Jaime|Charles XII]]}}
{{s-tul|title=[[List of French monarchs|King of France and Navarre]]|line=[[Legitimists|Legitimist succession]]|years=29 September 1936 – 28 February 1941}}
{{s-ach}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Dwight F. Davis]]}}
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