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On 13 September 1923, [[Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella|Miguel Primo de Rivera]], Captain General of Catalonia, staged a military coup with the collaboration from a quad of ''Africanist'' generals based in Madrid who were associated to the innermost military clique of Alfonso XIII and who wanted to prevent investigations about Annual from tarnishing the monarch (José Cavalcanti, Federico Berenguer, Leopoldo Saro and Antonio Dabán), even if Primo de Rivera had embraced ''Abandonista'' positions prior to that point.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://publicaciones.defensa.gob.es/media/downloadable/files/links/P/D/PDF426.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://publicaciones.defensa.gob.es/media/downloadable/files/links/P/D/PDF426.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|page=164|first=Guillermo|last=Serrano Sáenz de Tejada|title=De la guerra de Marruecos y el combate que no debió ser|year=2013|isbn=978-84-9781-816-2|publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (Spain)|Ministerio de Defensa]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0PODwAAQBAJ&pg=PT182|title=Manual de Historia Política y Social de España (1808–2018)|first1=Miguel|last1=Martorell|year=2019|isbn=9788490562840|first2=Santos|last2=Juliá|publisher=RBA Libros |author-link2=Santos Juliá}}</ref> Primo de Rivera ruled as a dictator with the king's support until January 1930.
During the dictatorship, the king increased his public presence, siding with a Catholic, [[anti-
{{See also|Dictablanda of Dámaso Berenguer}}
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