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|name = Bahía de Kino
|image_name = Mexico - Tiburón Island.PNG
|image_caption = Location of Bahía de Kino Punta San Nicolás
|map = Mexico
|map_caption = Location in Mexico
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[[File:Pelican at Kino Bay, SON.jpg|thumb|[[Pelican]] at Kino Bay]]
[[Image:Hasteecöla.JPG|thumb|Hasteecöla peaks which overlook west end of New Kino]]
'''Bahía Kino''' is a town
== History ==
The historic residents of the Bahía de Kino region were probably first documented in notes taken by Padre [[Eusebio Kino]] during his travels to the region in 1685 when he believed he visited the bay and named it
Although later Spanish expeditions to the region undertook to develop contacts with the various Comcaac groups, it is apparent from the record that the Comcaac remained autonomous and were never formally conquered (Griffen, 1959). It was not until they formed economic bonds out of necessity – probably the need to purchase gasoline for outboard motors used on their small wooden boats during the late 1950s – that they started down the path of social and economic integration into wider [[Mexican culture]] (Felger & Moser 1991, Weaver ''et al.'' 2003). Wandering groups of Comcaac routinely passed through the Kino area, using cave shelters in the vicinity though there is scant evidence of any permanent presence in the immediate area.▼
▲The historic residents of the Bahía de Kino region were probably first documented in notes taken by Padre [[Eusebio Kino]] during his travels to the region in 1685 when he believed he visited the bay and named it Bahia San Juan Bautista (Doode 1999). The local indigenous population was widely dispersed in small hunter-gatherer groups ranging from the [[Guaymas]] area as far north as present day [[Puerto Libertad]]. They called themselves Comcaac ([[Seri people|Seri]]). The harsh environment of the coastal region dictated that the Comcaac live with a high degree of flexibility and resourcefulness, a characteristic that allowed them to remain free of contact with, and exploitation by, the [[Spaniards]].
The first [[
▲Although later Spanish expeditions to the region undertook to develop contacts with the various Comcaac groups, it is apparent from the record that the Comcaac remained autonomous and were never formally conquered (Griffen 1959). It was not until they formed economic bonds out of necessity – probably the need to purchase gasoline for outboard motors used on their small wooden boats during the late 1950s – that they started down the path of social and economic integration into wider [[Mexican culture]] (Felger & Moser 1991, Weaver ''et al.'' 2003). Wandering groups of Comcaac routinely passed through the Kino area, using cave shelters in the vicinity though there is scant evidence of any permanent presence in the immediate area.
In 1922, Yates Holmes, an American, secured a federal concession for almost {{convert|6000|acre|km2}} of land in
▲The first [[Mestizo]] settlers in the Bahia de Kino area arrived in the early 1920s to establish a small fishing camp near the site of the present day town. Fishing activity centered on the [[Totoaba]] (Totoaba ''macdonaldi'') a species much sought after and reported as abundant around nearby Isla Alcatraz (Chute, 1928, Bahre 2000, Doode 1999).
▲In 1922, Yates Holmes, an American, secured a federal concession for almost {{convert|6000|acre|km2}} of land in Bahia de Kino and developed a hunting and fishing camp that became known as the Kino Bay Club. It operated through 1931(Bowen 2000). The Kino Bay Club marked the beginning of a long history of association between the Mexican residents of Bahia de Kino and visitors from the United States.
In 1935 the first fisher cooperative – La Sociedad Cooperativa de Produccíon Pesquera Lázaro Cárdenas – was formed with 25 members (probably comprising most of the adult male population on
The late 1930s saw the rapid development of the [[shark]] fishery that supplied [[shark liver oil]] to the U.S. for use in the production of [[vitamin A]] supplements (Doode 1999, Bahre & Bourillon 2002). By 1945 the population had grown considerably to about 500 inhabitants all of whom were involved primarily with fisheries (Weaver et al. 2003). The region in general was growing as well. The establishment of the local Distrito de Colonización Presidente [[Miguel Alemán Valdés|Miguel Alemán]] between Hermosillo and
The mid-1940s marked the beginning the industrial [[shrimp]] fishery in the [[Gulf of California]]. Shrimp boats, usually displacing less than 100 [[ton]]s, and operating primarily out of [[Guaymas]], began [[trawling]] for shrimp in the waters of
Felger and Moser report that by 1952 Kino Bay
In 1953, the road to [[Hermosillo]] was paved (Bowen 2000) allowing for increased sales of fisheries products and easier access to lucrative state and national [[market (place)|market]]s. 245 [[hectares]] of federal land were set aside that year for the growth of the village while an additional 868 hectares was designated to be developed into lots for tourist infrastructure.
The 1960s witnessed the early development of the [[scallop]] (callo) fishery in the bay. The sand banks in the south of the bay were a primary source of callo with fishers [[free diving]] from their boats to harvest the abundant callo beds in the immediate area. Around 1974, the first air [[gas compressor|compressor]] [[Underwater diving|diving]] rigs were developed (Cudney-Bueno 2000). The use of air compressors allowed fishers to operate at greater depths and for longer periods of time, increasing [[productivity]] per outing (Doode 1999).
The 1970s saw a dramatic increase in the population of
In 1975, the Mexican government placed a ban on [[totoaba]] fishing – the fishery had been decimated, primarily due to over-fishing at [[spawning grounds]] at the mouth of the [[Colorado River]] (Bahre & Bourillon 2002).
In the late 1970s a plan was proposed to build a marina and marine service center in the nearby Laguna Santa Cruz. A dock and ramp were constructed, a trailerpark developed and a channel dredged through the barrier bars across the mouth of the laguna. The project is said to have bankrupted itself. Remains of the dredge are still visible in the laguna. The dredged channel is still usable by vessels drawing less than 1.5 meters but local knowledge is essential for entry as there are no aids to navigation associated with the canal.
From the early 1980s through until the late 1990s the
Trapping for [[crab]] (''Callinectes bellicosus'') became an important addition to Kino fishing effort starting about 1990 (Weaver et al. 2003). It is unclear if Kineño fishers had utilized [[benthic]] trapping technology prior to the development of the crab fishery .
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[[Image:KinoSunset.JPG|thumb|Summer sunset at Kino beach]]
The town is administered as part of the municipality of [[Hermosillo]]. It is located on land that was part of the traditional territory of the Comcaac ([[Seri people|Seri]]) people who now live to the north on their communal property.
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{{coord|28|59|N|111|56|W|display=title|region:MX_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:
[[Category:Populated places in Sonora]]
[[Category:Populated places in the Sonoran Desert of Mexico]]
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