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{{African American topics sidebar}}
'''Blues''' is a [[music genre]]<ref>Kunzler's dictionary of jazz provides two separate entries: "blues", and the "blues form", a widespread musical form (p. 131). Kunzler, Martin (1988). ''Jazz-Lexicon''. Hamburg: Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag</ref> and [[musical form]] that originated amongst African-Americans in the [[Deep South]] of the United States around the 1860s.<ref name=":0" /> Blues has incorporated [[spiritual (music)|spirituals]], [[work song]]s, [[field holler]]s, [[Ring shout|shouts]], [[chant]]s, and rhymed simple narrative [[ballad (music)|ballads]] from the [[African-American culture]]. The blues form is ubiquitous in [[jazz]], [[rhythm and blues]], and [[rock and roll]], and is characterized by the [[Call and response (music)|call-and-response]] pattern, the [[blues scale]], and specific [[chord progression]]s, of which the [[twelve-bar blues]] is the most common. [[Blue note]]s (or "worried notes"), usually thirds, fifths or sevenths flattened in [[Pitch (music)|pitch]], are also an essential part of the sound. Blues [[shuffle note|shuffles]] or [[walking bass]] reinforce the trance-like rhythm and form a repetitive effect known as the [[groove (popular music)|groove]]. [[Amy Winehouse]] modernized blues by incorporating drum riffs with a strong rap beat.
Blues music is characterized by its [[lyrics]], [[Bassline|bass lines]], and [[Instrumentation (music)|instrumentation]]. Early [[traditional blues verse]]s consisted of a single line repeated four times. It was only in the first decades of the 20th century that the most common current structure became standard: the [[Bar form|AAB pattern]], consisting of a line sung over the four first bars, its repetition over the next four, and then a longer concluding line over the last bars. Early blues frequently took the form of a loose narrative, often relating the [[racial discrimination]] and other challenges experienced by African-Americans.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Honoring Jazz: An Early American Art Form |url=https://www.civilrightsmuseum.org/from-the-vault/posts/honoring-jazz |access-date=2022-11-07 |website=National Civil Rights Museum |language=en-us |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205110639/https://www.civilrightsmuseum.org/from-the-vault/posts/honoring-jazz |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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