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The term ''cadenza'' often refers to a portion of a [[concerto]] in which the [[orchestra]] stops playing, leaving the soloist to play alone in [[free time (music)|free time]] (without a strict, regular pulse) and can be written or improvised, depending on what the composer specifies. Sometimes, the cadenza will include small parts for other instruments besides the soloist; an example is in [[Sergei Rachmaninoff]]'s [[Piano Concerto No. 3 (Rachmaninoff)|Piano Concerto No. 3]], where a solo flute, clarinet and horn are used over rippling arpeggios in the piano. The cadenza normally occurs near the end of the first movement, though it can be at any point in a [[concerto]]. An example is [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky|Tchaikovsky]]'s [[Piano Concerto No. 1 (Tchaikovsky)|First Piano Concerto]], where in the first five minutes a cadenza is used. The cadenza is usually the most elaborate and virtuosic part that the solo instrument plays during the whole piece. At the end of the cadenza, the orchestra re-enters, and generally finishes off the movement on their own, or, less often, with the solo instrument.
===Cadential trill===
Typically during the classical period, a solo cadenza in a concerto would end with a [[trill]], usually on the [[supertonic]], preceding the re-entry of the orchestra for the movement's [[coda]]. Extended cadential trills were frequent in [[Mozart]]'s [[Piano concertos by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|piano concerti]]; they may also be found in [[violin concerto|violin concerti]] and concerti for stringed instruments of the period up to the early 19th century. (see illustration at head of this article).
==As a vocal flourish==
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