Eber-Nari: Difference between revisions

| native_name = {{nobold|{{lang-langx|akk-x-latbabyl|{{cuneiform|12|𒆳𒂊𒄵𒀀𒇉}}|label=none}} ([[Akkadian language|Akkadian]])<br />{{lang|arc|{{script|Armi|𐡏𐡁𐡓 𐡍𐡄𐡓𐡄}}|rtl=yes}} ([[Aramaic]])<br />{{lang|he|עבר הנהר|rtl=yes}} ([[Hebrew language|Hebrew]])}}

'''Eber-Nari''' ([[Akkadian language|Akkadian]]), also called '''Abar-Nahara''' ([[Aramaic]]) or '''Aber Nahra''' ([[Syriac language|Syriac]]), was a region of the [[ancient Near East]]. Translated as "Beyond the River" or "Across the River" in both the Akkadian and Aramaic languages, it referred to the land on the opposite side of the [[Euphrates]] from the perspective of [[Mesopotamia]] and [[Iranian Plateau|Persia]]. In this context, the region is further known to modern scholars as '''Transeuphratia''' ({{lang-langx|fr|Transeuphratène}}). Functioning as a [[Satrap|satrapy]], it was originally administered by the [[Neo-Assyrian Empire]] before being absorbed by the [[Neo-Babylonian Empire]] and then by the [[Achaemenid Empire]]. During the [[Wars of Alexander the Great|Greek conquest of Persia]], Eber-Nari was, like the rest of the Achaemenid Empire, annexed by the [[Macedonia (ancient kingdom)|Macedonian Empire]] of [[Alexander the Great]]. It was later dissolved by the [[Seleucid Empire]], which incorporated it into [[Seleucis of Syria|Syria]], along with [[Assyria]].

*{{lang-langx|akk|{{cuneiform|12|𒆳𒂊𒄵𒀀𒇉}}|translit=Eber-Nāri [KUR.e.bir.ID₂]|lit=trans river}} — i.e. the region west of the Euphrates.<ref name="MillerShipp1996">{{cite book|last1=Miller|first1=Douglas B.|last2=Shipp|first2=R. Mark|title=An Akkadian Handbook: Paradigms, Helps, Glossary, Logograms, and Sign List|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=27m3y6MNRzYC&pg=PA49|year=1996|publisher=Eisenbrauns|isbn=978-0-931464-86-7|page=49|quote=Eber nāri (geo) the region west of the Euphrates, Syria—NA, NB, LB.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=saao/saa01/qpn-x-places/Eber-nari[across the river]|url=http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa01/cbd/qpn-x-places/x00000160.html|access-date=2021-03-21|website=oracc.museum.upenn.edu}}</ref>

*{{lang-langx|arc|{{script|Armi|𐡏𐡁𐡓 𐡍𐡄𐡓𐡄}}|translit=ʿAvar Naharā|lit=trans river}} — i.e. the other side of the Euphrates.<ref name="Grabbe2006">{{cite book|author=Lester L. Grabbe|title=A History of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period (vol. 1): The Persian Period (539-331BCE)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1cPeBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA134|date=27 July 2006|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-0-567-21617-5|page=134|quote=The region of Ebir-nari (Transeuphrates, called ^Avarnah^arā' in Aramaic and Ēver-ha-Nāhār in Hebrew)}}</ref><ref name="CheyneBlack1903">{{cite book|author1=Thomas Kelly Cheyne|author2=John Sutherland Black|title=Encyclopædia biblica: a critical dictionary of the literary, political and religious history, the archæology, geography, and natural history of the Bible|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EPVYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA4857|year=1903|publisher=A. and C. Black|page=4857|quote=}} Image of [https://books.google.com/books?id=EPVYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA4857&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U2ipR1Gmo1TWF9QmurftcoUB-Ahqw&ci=465%2C710%2C380%2C160&edge=0 p.&nbsp;4857] at Google Books</ref>

*{{lang-langx|he|עבר הנהר|translit=ʿĒḇer haNāhār|lit=trans river}} — i.e. beyond the river.<ref name="Grabbe2006" /><ref name="Wigram1890">{{cite book|author=George V. Wigram|title=The Englishman's Hebrew and Chaldee Concordance of the Old Testament: Being an Attempt at a Verbal Connection Between the Original and the English Translation: With Indexes, a List of the Proper Names, and Their Occurrences, Etc.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ddxEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA798|year=1890|publisher=Samuel Bagster and sons|pages=798–799|quote=}} Image of [https://books.google.com/books?id=ddxEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA798&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U0HxvD6q3k0_AsjYIwKa_n2vkwtBQ&ci=500%2C1016%2C444%2C513&edge=0 p.&nbsp;798] at Google Books</ref><ref name="GeseniusBrown1906">{{cite book|author1=Wilhelm Gesenius|author2=Francis Brown|author3=Samuel Rolles Driver|title=A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament: With an Appendix Containing the Biblical Aramaic|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u0ATAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA719|year=1906|publisher=Houghton, Mifflin|page=719|quote=}} Image of [https://books.google.com/books?id=u0ATAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA719&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U3h-n-ibQqaF9GCt3JjtmjrMtMNgQ&ci=450%2C614%2C436%2C471&edge=0 p.&nbsp;719] at Google Books</ref><ref name="FreedmanMyers2000">{{cite book|author1=David Noel Freedman|author2=Allen C. Myers|author3=Astrid B. Beck|title=Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P9sYIRXZZ2MC&pg=PA177|year=2000|publisher=W.B. Eerdmans|isbn=978-0-8028-2400-4|page=177|chapter=Beyond the River}}</ref>