Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Wikipedia

Feng Yunshan: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Dbrote (talk | contribs)
454 edits
m Correcting tense
Perinbaba (talk | contribs)
460 edits
this is not rough inking from the 1950s
 
(46 intermediate revisions by 18 users not shown)
Line 1:
{{Chinese namedistinguish|[[Feng (surname)|Feng]]Yuxiang}}
{{family name hatnote|[[Féng|Feng]]|lang=Chinese}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Feng Yunshan<br>{{nobold|馮雲山}}
| title = South King (南王)
| image = 冯云山.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| succession = [[Taiping Heavenly Kingdom#Administration|South King of the Heavenly Kingdom]]
| moretext = <br><small>[[Taiping Heavenly Kingdom|self]]-[[Self-proclaimed monarchy|proclaimed]]</small>
| reign = 1851–1852
| regent = [[Hong Xiuquan]]
| reg-type = [[Heavenly King]]
| predecessor =
| successor = Xiao Youfu
| regnal name = 真天命太平天囯天朝九門御林雲師前導副軍師殿後軍南王七千歲
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1815
| birth_place = Hua County, [[Guangdong]], [[Qing China]]<br>(present-day [[Huadu District]], [[Guangzhou]])
| death_date = June 10, 1852
| death_place = [[Quanzhou County]], [[Guangxi]]
 
| father =
'''Feng Yunshan''' ({{zh|t=馮雲山|s=冯云山||p=Féng Yúnshān|j=Fung4 Wan4 Saan1}}; 1815 &ndash; June 10, 1852) was an important leader during the [[Taiping Rebellion]] against the [[Qing]] government (1850&ndash;1864). In addition to being his distant cousin,<ref>Jen Yu-wen, The Taiping Revolutionary Movement 22-23 (1973)</ref> Feng was a companion of [[Hong Xiuquan]] from the very earliest days of the rebellion. Feng was the founder of the "God Worshippers" during the 1840s. This was the very first form the Taiping Rebellion took. He was one of the first Taipings to be baptized and Hong publicly announced how Feng was a deep friend of his.▼
| mother =
| spouse = <!-- Add spouse if reliably sourced -->
| religion = [[God Worshipping Society]]
| signature =
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| module = {{Infobox military person |embed=yes
| allegiance = [[Taiping Heavenly Kingdom]]
| branch =
| serviceyears =
| serviceyears_label =
| rank =
| rank_label =
| servicenumber =
| unit =
| commands =
| battles_label =
| battles = [[Taiping Rebellion]]<br>[[Jintian uprising]]
| awards =
| memorials =
}}
}}
▲'''Feng Yunshan''' ({{zh|t=馮雲山|s=冯云山||p=Féng Yúnshān|j=Fung4 Wan4 Saan1}}; 1815 &ndash;– June 10, 1852) was anthe importantSouth leaderKing duringof the [[Taiping Rebellion]] against theHeavenly [[QingKingdom]], government (1850&ndash;1864). In addition to being hisa distant cousin,<ref>Jen Yu-wen, The Taiping Revolutionary Movement 22-2322–23 (1973)</ref> Fengand wasearly a companionaccomplice of [[Hong Xiuquan]], fromand thean veryimportant earliestleader daysduring ofthe [[Taiping Rebellion]] against the rebellion[[Qing]] government. FengHe was the founderone of the "Godfirst Worshippers"Taipings duringto thebe 1840s.baptized Thisand wasestablished the very first formgroup theof Taiping[[God RebellionWorshippers]] tookduring the 1840s. He was onekilled ofduring the firstinitial Taipingsstages toof bethe baptizedrebellion, andprior Hongto publiclythe announcedestablishment howof Fengthe wasTaiping's acapital deepof friend[[Tianjing]] ofat his[[Nanjing]].
 
==Early Lifelife==
Feng Yunshan worked as a village teacher in Heluo Village, [[Hua county]], [[Guangdong]].<ref>Jonathan D. {{sfn|Spence, God's Chinese Son 27, |1996|p=67 (1996)</ref> }} Although educated, he was unable to pass the imperial examinations.<ref>Jonathan D. {{sfn|Spence, God's Chinese Son |1996|p=67 (1996)</ref> }} Like Hong Xiuquan, he was a [[Hakka people|Hakka]], and he was among the first of Hong's converts to Hong's interpretation of Christianity, backlash to which cost him his teaching position.<ref>Jonathan D. {{sfn|Spence, God's Chinese Son |1996|p=67, }}{{sfn|Spence|1996|p=69, }}{{sfn|Spence|1996|p=80 (1996)</ref> }} Feng, Hong, and two other relatives of Hong left Hua county in April 1844.<ref>Jonathan D. {{sfn|Spence, God's Chinese Son |1996|p=69 (1996)</ref>}} They first traveled to Guangzhou and preached in the outlying areas before heading northwest to White Tiger Village.<ref>Jonathan D. {{sfn|Spence, God's Chinese Son |1996|p=71 (1996)</ref> }} There, Feng and Hong split off and traveled some 250 miles to the southwest to the village of Sigu, [[Guiping county]], [[Guangxi]], where distant relatives of Hong's resided, including two early converts who had returned home.<ref>Jonathan D. {{sfn|Spence, God's Chinese Son |1996|p=71 (1996)</ref> }} In November 1844, Hong returned home without Feng, who remained in the area and continued to preach.<ref>Jonathan D. {{sfn|Spence, God's Chinese Son |1996|pp=78-79 (1996)</ref>}}
 
==God-worshiping Society==
After Hong Xiuquan's departure, Feng traveled deeper and deeper into the heart of the [[Thistle Mountain]] region, preaching and baptizing new converts.<ref>Jonathan D. {{sfn|Spence, God's Chinese Son |1996|pp=79-80 (1996)</ref> }} Feng christened this group of believers the "[[God-worshiping Worshipping Society]]."<ref>Jonathan D. {{sfn|Spence, God's Chinese Son |1996|p=80 (1996)</ref> }} Hakkas from this area, generally poor and beset by both bandits and local Chinese families angry at the presence of the Hakka in their ancestral lands, found refuge in the group with its promise of solidarity.<ref>Jonathan D. {{sfn|Spence, God's Chinese Son |1996|p=81, }}{{sfn|Spence|1996|p=88 (1996)</ref> }} On August 27, 1847, Feng and the Society were joined by the returning Hong Xiuquan.<ref>Jonathan D. {{sfn|Spence, God's Chinese Son |1996|p=95 (1996)</ref>}}
 
In the months following Hong Xiuquan's return, Feng was twice captured by a competing local corps.{{sfn|Michael|1966|p=34}} On the first occasion in December 1847, the God Worshipers freed him by force.{{sfn|Michael|1966|p=34}} When Feng was captured a second time in January 1848, he was sent to a local magistrate who, after receiving a bribe from the God Worshippers, released him on the condition that he return to Guangdong.{{sfn|Michael|1966|p=35}} Feng was unable to return to the God Worshippers until the summer of the following year.{{sfn|Michael|1966|p=37}} Upon his return, he discovered that [[Yang Xiuqing]] and [[Xiao Chaogui]] had taken leadership roles within God Worshipping Society.{{sfn|Michael|1966|p=35}} Both claimed to enter trances which allowed them to speak as a member of the [[Trinity]]; God the Father in the case of Yang and Jesus Christ in the case of Xiao.{{sfn|Michael|1966|p=35}} When Feng returned in the summer of 1849, he and Hong Xiuquan investigated Yang and Xiao's claims and declared them to be genuine.{{sfn|Michael|1966|p=37}} In early 1850, Feng became the first leader of the God Worshipper Society to call for open revolt.{{sfn|Michael|1966|p=37}}
 
==Taiping Rebellion==
{{unreferenced section|date=June 2023}}
Feng assembled thousands of believers in [[Guangxi]] during the time Hong Xiuquan spent in [[Guangzhou|Canton]] in 1847, founding the base of the [[Taiping Rebellion]]. Feng was later announced as the "South King" of the [[Taiping Rebellion]]. He is credited with being the strategist of the rebellion and the administrator of the kingdom during its early days.
 
On May 24, 1852, as the Taiping marched by [[Quanzhou County|Quanzhou]], [[Guangxi]] with no intention of invading, a Qing gunner fatally wounded Feng as he sat in his sedan chair. Rallied by the news, the Taiping surrounded Quanzhou and, in the space of 2&nbsp;two days, breached the walls and killed every citizen who had not fled. Feng finally succumbed to his wounds in June that year.
 
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
<references />
 
===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|first=Jonathan D.|last=Spence|title=God's Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan|year=1996|publisher=W. W. Norton|isbn=0-393-31556-8}}
* {{cite book|first=Franz H.|last=Michael|author-link=Franz H. Michael|title=The Taiping Rebellion: Documents and comments|year=1966|publisher=University of Washington Press}}
{{refend}}
 
{{Taiping Rebellion}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Feng, Yushan}}
Line 23 ⟶ 76:
[[Category:Hakka generals]]
[[Category:Military leaders of the Taiping Rebellion]]
[[Category:People from Huadu District]]
[[Category:People from Longchuan]]
[[Category:Politicians from Guangzhou]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feng_Yunshan"