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[[File:Frontispiece to Frankenstein 1831.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Mary Shelley]]'s ''[[Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus]]'' (1818) has come to define Gothic fiction in the Romantic period. Frontispiece to 1831 edition shown.]]
Byron was also the host of the celebrated ghost-story competition involving himself, [[Percy Bysshe Shelley]], [[Mary Shelley]], and [[John William Polidori]] at the Villa Diodati on the banks of [[Lake Geneva]] in the summer of 1816. This occasion was productive of both Mary Shelley's ''[[Frankenstein|Frankenstein, or, The Modern Prometheus]]'' (1818), and Polidori's ''[[The Vampyre]]'' (1819), featuring the Byronic [[Lord Ruthven (vampire)|Lord Ruthven]]. ''The Vampyre'' has been accounted by cultural critic Christopher Frayling as one of the most influential works of fiction ever written and spawned a craze for [[Vampire literature|vampire fiction]] and theatre (and, latterly, film) that has not ceased to this day.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Frayling | first =Christopher | author-link =Christopher Frayling | title =Vampyres: Lord Byron to Count Dracula | publisher =Faber | date =1992 | orig-year=1978 |location=London |isbn=978-0-571-16792-0 |url =https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780571167920}}</ref>
[[John Keats]]' ''[[La Belle Dame sans Merci]]'' (1819) and ''[[Isabella, or the Pot of Basil]]'' (1820) feature mysteriously fey ladies.<ref name=skarda>Skarda and Jaffe (1981), pp. 33–35 and 132–133.</ref> In the latter poem, the names of the characters, the dream visions, and the macabre physical details are influenced by the novels of premiere Gothicist Ann Radcliffe.<ref name=skarda/>
Although ushering in the historical novel, and turning popularity away from Gothic fiction, [[Walter Scott]] frequently
A late example of a traditional Gothic novel is ''[[Melmoth the Wanderer]]'' (1820) by [[Charles Maturin]], which combines themes of anti-Catholicism with an outcast Byronic hero.<ref>Varma 1986</ref> [[Jane C. Loudon]]'s ''[[The Mummy!]]'' (1827) features standard Gothic motifs, characters, and plot, but with one significant twist
During two decades, the most famous author of Gothic literature in Germany was the polymath [[E. T. A. Hoffmann]]. Lewis's ''[[The Monk]]'' influenced and even mentioned it in his novel ''[[The Devil's Elixirs]]'' (1815). The novel explores the motive of [[Doppelgänger]], a term coined by another German author and supporter of Hoffmann, [[Jean Paul|Jean-Paul]], in his humorous novel ''[[Siebenkäs]]'' (1796–1797). He also wrote an opera based on [[Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué]]'s Gothic story ''[[Undine (novella)|Undine]]'' (1816), for which de la Motte Fouqué wrote the libretto.<ref>Hogle, p. 105–122.</ref> Aside from Hoffmann and de la Motte Fouqué, three other important authors from the era were [[Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff]] (''[[The Marble Statue]]'', 1818), [[Ludwig Achim von Arnim]] (''Die Majoratsherren'', 1819), and [[Adelbert von Chamisso]] (''Peter Schlemihls wundersame Geschichte'', 1814).<ref>Cusack, Barry, p. 91, pp. 118–123.</ref> After them, [[Wilhelm Meinhold]] wrote ''[[The Amber Witch]]'' (1838) and ''[[Sidonia von Bork]]'' (1847).
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