Hematopoietic stem cell: Difference between revisions

===Location===

The very first hematopoietic stem cells during (mouse and human) embryonic development are found in [[aorta-gonad-mesonephros]] region and the vitelline and umbilical arteries.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = de Bruijn MF, Speck NA, Peeters MC, Dzierzak E | title = Definitive hematopoietic stem cells first develop within the major arterial regions of the mouse embryo | journal = The EMBO Journal | volume = 19 | issue = 11 | pages = 2465–2474 | date = June 2000 | pmid = 10835345 | pmc = 212758 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/19.11.2465 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Medvinsky A, Dzierzak E | title = Definitive hematopoiesis is autonomously initiated by the AGM region | journal = Cell | volume = 86 | issue = 6 | pages = 897–906 | date = September 1996 | pmid = 8808625 | doi = 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80165-8 | hdl = 1765/57137 | s2cid = 3330712 | url = http://repub.eur.nl/pub/57137 | hdl-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ivanovs A, Rybtsov S, Welch L, Anderson RA, Turner ML, Medvinsky A | title = Highly potent human hematopoietic stem cells first emerge in the intraembryonic aorta-gonad-mesonephros region | journal = The Journal of Experimental Medicine | volume = 208 | issue = 12 | pages = 2417–2427 | date = November 2011 | pmid = 22042975 | pmc = 3256972 | doi = 10.1084/jem.20111688 }}</ref> Slightly later, HSCs are also found in the placenta, yolk sac, embryonic head, and fetal liver.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dzierzak E, Speck NA | title = Of lineage and legacy: the development of mammalian hematopoietic stem cells | journal = Nature Immunology | volume = 9 | issue = 2 | pages = 129–136 | date = February 2008 | pmid = 18204427 | pmc = 2696344 | doi = 10.1038/ni1560 }}</ref>

 

Stem and progenitor cells can be taken from the pelvis, at the iliac crest, using a needle and syringe.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bone Marrow Transplant Process|url=http://www.mayoclinic.org/departments-centers/transplant-center/bone-marrow-transplant/preparing/process|website=Mayo Clinic|access-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> The cells can be removed as liquid (to perform a smear to look at the cell morphology) or they can be removed via a core biopsy (to maintain the architecture or relationship of the cells to each other and to the bone).{{citation needed|date=March 2013}}