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'''Hematopoietic stem cells''' ('''HSCs''') are the [[stem cell]]s<ref name="Monga">{{cite journal | vauthors = Monga I, Kaur K, Dhanda S| title = Revisiting hematopoiesis: applications of the bulk and single-cell transcriptomics dissecting transcriptional heterogeneity in hematopoietic stem cells | journal = Briefings in Functional Genomics | volume = 21 | issue = 3 | pages = 159–176 | date = March 2022 | pmid = 35265979 | doi = 10.1093/bfgp/elac002}}</ref> that give rise to other [[blood cell]]s. This process is called [[haematopoiesis]].<ref name="Birbrair n/a–n/a">{{cite journal | vauthors = Birbrair A, Frenette PS | title = Niche heterogeneity in the bone marrow | journal = Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences | volume = 1370 | issue = 1 | pages = 82–96 | date = April 2016 | pmid = 27015419 | pmc = 4938003 | doi = 10.1111/nyas.13016 | bibcode = 2016NYASA1370...82B }}</ref> In [[vertebrate]]s, the first definitive HSCs arise from the ventral endothelial wall of the embryonic aorta within the (midgestational) [[aorta-gonad-mesonephros]] region, through a process known as endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal | vauthors = Dzierzak E, Bigas A | title = Blood Development: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Dependence and Independence | journal = Cell Stem Cell | volume = 22 | issue = 5 | pages = 639–651 | date = May 2018 | pmid = 29727679 | doi = 10.1016/j.stem.2018.04.015 | hdl = 10230/36965 | hdl-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ottersbach K | title = Endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition: an update on the process of making blood | journal = Biochemical Society Transactions | volume = 47 | issue = 2 | pages = 591–601 | date = April 2019 | pmid = 30902922 | pmc = 6490701 | doi = 10.1042/BST20180320 }}</ref> In adults, haematopoiesis occurs in the [[red bone marrow]], in the core of most bones. The red bone marrow is derived from the layer of the [[embryo]] called the [[mesoderm]].
[[Haematopoiesis]] is the process by which all mature blood cells are produced. It must balance enormous production needs (the average person produces more than 500 billion blood cells every day) with the need to regulate the number of each blood cell type in the circulation. In vertebrates, the vast majority of hematopoiesis occurs in the bone marrow and is derived from a limited number of hematopoietic stem cells that are multipotent and capable of extensive [[stem cell self-renewal|self-renewal]].
Hematopoietic stem cells give rise to different types of blood cells, in lines called [[Myelopoiesis|myeloid]] and [[Lymphopoiesis|lymphoid]]. Myeloid and lymphoid lineages both are involved in [[dendritic cell]] formation. Myeloid cells include [[monocyte]]s, [[macrophage]]s, [[neutrophil granulocyte|neutrophil]]s, [[basophil granulocyte|basophil]]s, [[eosinophil granulocyte|eosinophil]]s, [[erythrocyte]]s, and [[megakaryocyte]]s to [[platelet]]s. Lymphoid cells include [[T cell]]s, [[B cell]]s, [[natural killer cell]]s, and [[innate lymphoid cell]]s.
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