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[[Image:Joseph Canyon, Oregon.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Joseph Canyon as seen from [[Oregon Route 3]]]]▼
[[Image:Joseph Canyon Map.gif
'''Joseph Canyon''' (Nez Perce: '''an-an-a-soc-um''', meaning "long, rough canyon"<ref>{{
==Geography==
The canyon was named after [[Chief Joseph]] of the [[Nez Perce]], who is traditionally thought to have been born in a cave on the east bank of Joseph Creek in Asotin County.<ref>National Park Service, [http://www.nps.gov/nepe/planyourvisit/nez-perce-national-historical-park-sites.htm Nez Perce National Historic Park Sites]. Accessed 17 March 2008.</ref><ref name="reidel"/> Prior to European settlement, the Nez Perce used the canyon bottomlands as a travel corridor from summer camp sites in the [[Wallowa Valley]] to winter camp sites along the Grande Ronde and Snake Rivers. [[Elk]], [[bighorn sheep]], and [[mule deer]] were plentiful, as well as native plant foods associated with [[bunchgrass]] habitat.<ref name="nezperce">Nez Tribe Wildlife Program, [http://www.nezperce.org/Wolf/Draft_Plan_11'05'02.pdf Precious Lands Wildlife Area Draft Management Plan], November 2002. Accessed 17 March 2008.</ref> In later centuries, the Nez Perce grazed [[horse]]s on the canyon [[grasslands]]. Beginning in the late 1800s, pioneer settlers [[homestead]]ed in the area, grazing [[sheep]] and [[cattle]] and planting fruit [[orchard]]s. However, the rocky terrain prohibited extensive agricultural production.<ref name="nezperce"/>▼
Joseph Canyon contains '''Joseph Creek''', a tributary of the [[Grande Ronde River]], which flows into the [[Snake River]], a tributary of the [[Columbia River|Columbia]]. The geology is typical of the [[Columbia Plateau]], formed by the [[Columbia River Basalt Group]], and the exposed canyon walls provide a striking view of [[flood basalt]] flows and [[Dike (geology)|dikes]]. The canyon floor contains [[sediment]]s deposited by the [[Missoula Floods]].<ref name="reidel">{{Cite journal| last = Reidel | first = Stephen P. |author2=P. R. Hooper |author3=S.M. Price | title = Columbia River Basalt Group, Joseph and Grande Ronde canyons, Washington | journal = Centennial Field Guide Volume 1: Cordilleran Section of the Geological Society of America | pages = 351–356| year = 1987 | url = http://www.gsajournals.org/archive/0-8137-5401-1/1/0/pdf/i0-8137-5401-1-1-0-351.pdf | accessdate = 17 March 2008}}</ref>
==History==
The '''Joseph Canyon Viewpoint''', at a highway pullout along [[Oregon Route 3]], is one of 38 sites that form the [[Nez Perce National Historical Park]]. The viewpoint is located approximately 30 miles north of [[Enterprise, Oregon]] and 11 miles south of the Washington border, in the [[Wallowa-Whitman National Forest]].<ref>U.S. Forest Service, [http://www.fs.fed.us/npnht/tour/josephcanyon.shtml Nez Perce National Historic Trail: Joseph Canyon Viewpoint]. Accessed 17 March 2008.</ref> The canyon itself is private land and is used for [[ranching]], [[hunting]], and some grain crops.<ref name="reidel"/><ref name="nezperce"/> ▼
▲The canyon was named after [[Chief Joseph]] of the [[Nez Perce people|Nez Perce]], who is traditionally thought to have been born in a cave on the east bank of Joseph Creek in Asotin County.<ref name="reidel"/><ref>National Park Service, [http://www.nps.gov/nepe/planyourvisit/nez-perce-national-historical-park-sites.htm Nez Perce National Historic Park Sites].
==Conservation==
In the late 1990s, the Nez Perce tribe acquired {{convert|15000|acre|km2}} in the Joseph Creek [[Drainage basin|watershed]] for [[Conservation biology|conservation]]. The lands currently provide wildlife habitat for two federally listed [[threatened species]], the [[bald eagle]] and the [[Rainbow trout|Snake River steelhead]], and may provide habitat for the threatened [[lynx]], [[Townsend's big-eared bat]], and [[mountain quail]]. Several threatened plant species are also known to exist in the area, including Macfarlane's four-o’clock and
===Access===
▲The '''Joseph Canyon Viewpoint''', at a highway pullout along [[Oregon Route 3]], is one of 38 sites that form the [[Nez Perce National Historical Park]]. The viewpoint is located approximately {{convert|30
The canyon itself is private land of the Nez Perce Tribe, and is used for [[ranching]], [[hunting]], and some grain crops.<ref name="reidel"/><ref name="nezperce"/> Other viewpoints include [[Fields Spring State Park]].
==Images==
<gallery>
▲
Image:JosephCanyon.jpg|The canyon as seen from [[Fields Spring State Park]]
Image:Grande ronde river.jpg|[[Grande Ronde River]] in Joseph Canyon
</gallery>
==References==
{{
==External
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.nps.gov/nepe/planyourvisit/upload/NEPEmap1.pdf Nez Perce National Historical Park Map]
{{Coord|46|00|31|N|117|02|39|W|display=title}}
[[Category:Nez Perce tribe]]▼
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Canyons and gorges of Oregon]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Landforms of Asotin County, Washington]]
[[Category:Landforms of Wallowa County, Oregon]]
[[Category:Nez Perce National Historical Park]]
[[Category:Geology of Oregon]]
[[Category:Geology of Washington (state)]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Asotin County, Washington]]
[[Category:Wild and Scenic Rivers of the United States]]
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