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The [[Kobanî Canton]] was attacked by ISIL militants for several months. In September 2014, ISIL militants occupied most of Kobanî Canton, seizing more than 100 [[Kurds|Kurdish]] villages.<ref name="theguardian.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/22/isis-onslaught-kurds-syria-disaster-turkey-refugees|title=Isis onslaught against Kurds in Syria brings 'man-made disaster' into Turkey|work=The Guardian|date=22 September 2014 |access-date=29 October 2014|last1=Letsch |first1=Constanze }}</ref><ref name="world.einnews.com">{{cite web|url=http://world.einnews.com/article/224533266/r3F_mOq1ZvLUZW3e|title=ISIL seizes 21 Kurdish villages in northern Syria, close in on Kobanî – World News Report|author=IPD Group|access-date=29 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713165248/http://world.einnews.com/article/224533266/r3F_mOq1ZvLUZW3e|archive-date=13 July 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> As a consequence of the ISIL occupation, up to 200,000 Kurdish refugees fled from Kobanî Canton to Turkey.<ref name="theguardian.com"/>
In the captured villages, ISIL militants committed [[massacre]]s and [[kidnapping|kidnapped]] women.<ref name="world.einnews.com"/> ISIL militants, however, were not able to occupy the entire canton, as the [[People's Protection Units|YPG]] and [[Women's Protection Units|YPJ]] forces managed to defend the city of Kobanî and a few nearby settlements. After a few weeks of "neutrality", the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant#Global Coalition to Counter the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|US-led coalition]] began to target ISIL forces in Kobanî with a larger number of airstrikes, beginning on 5 October 2014. This move aided the YPG/YPJ in forcing ISIL to retreat from numerous parts of the city. The YPG reportedly forced ISIL to retreat from most of Kobanî on 26 January 2015,<ref>{{cite web|date=27 June 2015|title=Kurds drive Islamic State out of Syria's Kobani|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/kurds-drive-islamic-state-out-of-syrias-kobani/|access-date=28 May 2021|work=[[Times of Israel]]}}</ref> thus lifting the siege.<ref name="Kobanirecaptured">{{cite web|url=http://syriahr.com/en/2015/01/ypg-retakes-the-entire-city-of-ayn-al-arab-kobani-after-112-days-of-clashes-with-is-militants-2/ |title=YPG retakes the entire city of Ayn al- Arab "Kobani" after 112 days of clashes with IS militants |author=sohranas |work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights |access-date=30 June 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016201939/http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/01/ypg-retakes-the-entire-city-of-ayn-al-arab-kobani-after-112-days-of-clashes-with-is-militants-2/ |archive-date=16 October 2015 }}</ref> On 27 January 2015, YPG-led fighters had retaken the entire city of Kobanî.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-kobani-idUKKBN0L40U820150131?rpc=401|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224012141/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-kobani-idUKKBN0L40U820150131?rpc=401|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 24, 2016|title=U.S. general says Syrian town of Kobani taken from Islamic State|publisher=Reuters|access-date=31 January 2015}}</ref> Since then, the city was under YPG control.
During May and June 2015, the YPG, FSA, and allied forces captured huge swaths of territory in northern Syria, taking territory across the western [[Al-Hasakah Governorate|Al-Hasakah province]] and the [[Tell Abyad District|Tell Abyad region]], linking the Kurdish [[Jazira Canton|Jazira]] and [[Kobani Canton|Kobanî Canton]]s.
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