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A '''learning economy''' is a society that values skills like assets, where learning and employment information is readily exchanged from institution to institution, and controlled by the learner and worker.
== History of knowledge economies ==
Modern economies can be characterised as '''learning economies''' in which knowledge is the crucial resource and learning is the most important process. Different kinds of learning and economically relevant types of knowledge can likewise be identified. It is argued that pure [[Market economy|market economies]], if such existed, would have severe problems in terms of learning and innovation. The 'learning economy' is a [[mixed economy]] in a fundamental sense.
In the public debate, knowledge is increasingly presented as the crucial factor in the development of both society and the economy. In a growing number of publications from the [[European Commission]] and [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] it is emphasised that
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Academic achievements of learning economy using blockchain appeared in April 2018.<ref>HORI, Masumi, et al. Learning System based on Decentralized Learning Model using Blockchain and SNS. In: CSEDU (1). 2018. p. 183-190.</ref><ref>HORI, Masumi, et al. Development of a Learning Economy Platform Based on Blockchain. In: European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning. Springer, Cham, 2018. p. 587-590.</ref> In 2018 at the annual [[United Nations General Assembly]], a decentralized ''[http://www.learningeconomy.io Learning Economy]'' blockchain protocol was proposed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.diplomaticourier.com/issue/of-gold-standards-and-the-new-learning-economy|title=Of Gold Standards and the New Learning Economy // Sep 04, 2018 Edition . Vol XII, Issue VI|website=www.diplomaticourier.com|access-date=2019-07-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.learningeconomy.io/post/ungaannouncement|title=Learning Economy First Announces at the United Nations General Assembly|website=www.learningeconomy.io|access-date=2019-07-20}}</ref> It asserts that if "education was the new gold standard,"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.learningeconomy.io/post/learning-economy-position-paper|title=Position Paper: Of Gold Standards, Blockchain & The New Learning Economy|website=www.learningeconomy.io|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref> a [[market economy]] could be built around it to catalyze and incentivize 21st century education. [[Blockchain]] has many applications in education including verifying the integrity of skills, returning the control of identity to the students, and defining research provenance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2019/04/23/renewed-optimism-about-educational-technology/|title=Renewed Optimism About Educational Technology|last=Nasserghodsi|first=Christine|website=Forbes|language=en|access-date=2019-07-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|date=April 1, 2019|title=BLOCKCHAIN REVOLUTION IN EDUCATION AND LIFELONG LEARNING|url=https://www.ibm.com/downloads/cas/93DDVAKE|journal=IBM Institute of Business Values}}</ref> In April 2019, research was published at [[Harvard Kennedy School]] making a case for a new form of Economy Corporation (E-Corp) to govern this [[Decentralised system|decentralized]] ''Learning Economy''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.learningeconomy.io/post/the-learning-economy-announces-research-study-on-enhancing-blockchain-innovation-via-regulation|title=The Learning Economy Announces Harvard Research Study on Enhancing Blockchain Innovation via Regulation|website=www.learningeconomy.io|access-date=2019-07-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://digital.thecatcompanyinc.com/g20magazine/japan-2019/|title=Japan 2019|date=2019-06-18|website=G20 Magazine|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://issuu.com/medauras/docs/blockchain_regulation_study_-_april|title=Enhancing Blockchain Innovation via Regulation: The Case for an E-Corporation|website=Issuu|language=en|access-date=2019-07-20}}</ref>
On January 30, 2020, the state of Colorado's [[Colorado Department of Higher Education|Department of Higher Education]] and the Learning Economy Foundation partnered to provide a three-year empirical study<ref>{{cite web |title=Colorado Department of Education - C-Lab |url=http://masterplan.highered.colorado.gov/colorado-rises-best-practices/higher-education-blockchain/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ed Technology |date=16 December 2019 |url=https://edtechnology.co.uk/Article/colorados-new-c-lab-explores-blockchain-and-emerging-technologies/}}</ref> of a statewide decentralized education and workplace ecosystem as a test case for other states and nations. The C-Lab provides a unified space for [[Web3]] pilots and workgroups from across the state of Colorado.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://englewoodherald.net/stories/c-lab-aims-to-restructure-higher-ed-using-blockchain-tech,292872?|title=C-Lab aims to restructure higher ed using blockchain tech|last=cv|first=Casey Van Divier|website=Colorado Community Media|date=27 January 2020 |language=en|access-date=2020-02-07}}</ref> Its first goals are learner record interoperability,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imsglobal.org/sites/default/files/articles/ILR_White_Paper_FINAL_EBOOK.pdf|title=The White House: White Paper on Interoperable Learning Records Data Transparency Working Group|date=September 2019}}</ref> allowing learning institutions to exchange student records seamlessly, and learner wallets that empower the students to save their credentials on their phones and share them directly with employers and learning institutions. To further this effort, the Colorado Governor's Office of Information Technology, CDHE, Learning Economy Foundation, and ETH Denver launched the "Advance Colorado” partnership program powered by the State of Colorado to further blockchain technology initiatives.<ref>{{cite web |title=Advance Colorado |date=28 July 2020 |url=https://medium.com/ethdenver/ethdenver-announces-new-advance-colorado-partnership-program-powered-by-the-state-of-colorado-to-d44988c9eebb}}</ref> The goal of the consortium is to lay the foundation for a decentralized and open Internet of Education.
==Early criticism==
{{Unreferenced section|date=November 2021}}
Much of the initial theories about the advent of a fundamentally new era in which economic activity is increasingly 'abstract', i.e., disconnected from land, labour, and physical capital (machines and industrial infrastructure) and also capital in terms of fund was associated with the 'business management' literature of the 'new economy' [[NASDAQ]] bubble, which collapsed in 2001 (but slowly recovered, albeit, in a leaner format, throughout the 2000s). This literature was initially known more for its hyperbole and faddishness than for its academic/empirical integrity. More recently [2011] however, empirical research from cross-disciplinary fields such as innovation studies are altering that perception.
Since 2017, the case for decentralized blockchain learning economies has grown stronger along with its criticisms. Many [[Distributed computing|distributed applications]] have tested economic models that incentivize students and teachers, but without institutional and government support there is little chance of many national learning economies adopting at scale any time soon. Another major concern is new and unknown challenges with student privacy and distributed ledgers, as well as skepticism about the merits of cryptocurrency.
==See also==
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[[Category:Business intelligence terms]]
[[Category:Economics catchphrases]]
[[Category:Information Age]]
[[Category:Economy by field]]
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