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Formatting for Korea-related articles, replaced: - 한국민족문화대백과사전 | → | (2), last=동학농민혁명자료총서 → last=동 |first=학농민혁명자료총서 (25), ) (4 → ; 4 (2), 1 - 3 → 1 – 3 (12), removed: |last=두 |
Formatting for Korea-related articles, replaced: - 한국민족문화대백과사전 | → | (2), last=동학농민혁명자료총서 → last=동 |first=학농민혁명자료총서 (25), ) (4 → ; 4 (2), 1896-1905 → 1896–1905 (2), 1630 – 168 |
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| nationality = [[Korean Empire|Korean]]
| rank = Lieutenant General
| serviceyears =
| successor = [[Shim Sang-hun]] (Acting)
| predecessor = [[Yi Yun-yong (1855)|Yi Yun-yong]]
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Min continued to rise through the ranks of Joseon officialdom, holding a succession of posts including a position in the Office of Special Advisors (''Hongmungwan'' 弘文館) and tutor to the [[Sunjong of Korea|Crown Prince]].<ref name=":0" /> Min was one of the favorite officials of the [[Gojong of Korea|King]], and was posted to many important posts.{{Sfn|Yi|2014|p=103-106}} However, during the [[Imo Incident]], Min's father was killed by the followers of Daewongun. As a result, Min resigned his posts and went into mourning. His aversion of the ancient military systems also contributed to the leaving of Min.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=민영환(閔泳煥)|url=https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0020206 |access-date=2021-12-13 |website=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]]}}</ref> In 1884, Min reentered public service and was appointed an official of the Board of Personnel (''Ijo'' 吏曹).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty |title=이호준 등에게 관직을 제수하다 |url=https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kza_12208008_001 |access-date=2022-08-31}}</ref> In March 1886, Min, who was posted as Hyeoppan Naemubusa, was ordered to secure Korea's independence by borrowing Russia's influence to check Qing's increasing influence. With [[Gaehwa Party]], Min attempted to sign Second Choseon-Russia Secrete Agreement to achieve the King's will; however, this conspiracy was spotted by Min Young-ik, and [[Yuan Shikai]], leading [[Li Hongzhang]] to consider even the abdication of Korean king. Gojong's plan thus failed, and Gaewha politicians, such as [[Gim Ga-jin]] and Gim Hak-wu, were banished.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |publisher=[[Independence Museum of Korea]] |title=민영환 |url=https://search.i815.or.kr/dictionary/detail.do?searchWord=%EB%AF%BC%EC%98%81%ED%99%98&reSearchWord=&searchType=all&index=1&id=645}}</ref> At a young age, Min rose into power as Minister of Yejo in 1887, and Minister of Military in 1888 and 1890 respectively.<ref name=":13" />
Over the course of his career, Min actively participated in the modernization of Joseon. In an attempt to build a modernized navy, Min established Choseon navy or Gi Yeon Hae Bang Young, and employed an American navy instructor to modernise the navy.<ref name=":10" /> In 1893, Min became the Justice Minister (刑曹判書),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty |date=1 October 1893 |title=민영환을 형조 판서에 임명하다 |url=https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kza_13011001_002 |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=
=== Portrait by Henry Savage-Landor ===
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# [[File:H.R.H. PRINCE MIN-YOUNG-HUAN of Korea sketch by A. Henry Savage-Landor.jpg|thumb|347x347px|Portrait sketch by A. Henry Savage-Landor (published 1895). The Prince was in mourning and secretly, with the King's permission, laid aside the mandatory white so he could be portrayed in blue robes.]]A loan of 3 million Yen to cancel the Japanese debt.
About these requests, Lobanov answered that they will answer as soon as possible.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=Yun |first=Chi-ho |date=5 June 1896 |title=5th.Friday. Beautiful. A shower. |url=http://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?itemId=sa&levelId=sa_027_0020_0060_0020&types=o |access-date=2022-06-29 |website=db.history.go.kr}}</ref> On 13 June, Min got answers, from Lobanov which said that providing guards for the Korean King will not be possible because of predictable conflicts with English or German, but agreed with sending an economy instructor for paying off debt, establishing telephone lines and sending military inspectors.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yun |first=Chi-ho |date=13 June 1896 |title=13th.Saturday. Pleasant a.m. |url=http://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?itemId=sa&levelId=sa_027_0020_0060_0080&types=o |access-date=2022-06-29 |website=db.history.go.kr}}</ref> Even though Russia showed a half-hearted answer to Korea, Min was brought 13 Russian military instructors.{{Sfn|Yi|2014|p=107}} These instructors were contract workers of the Joseon Government with three years of service.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Imperial Russia Foreign Affairs Documents |title=교관들과의 계약안 |url=http://contents.nahf.or.kr/id/NAHF.kifr.d_0004_0100_0120 |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=contents.nahf.or.kr |language=ko}}</ref> After receiving answer from Lobanov, Min's delegation stayed in Russia until August and inspected Russian facilities, including military bases, courts, prisons, schools, and military bases.<ref>Bella Pak. Russian diplomacy and Korea.1888–1897. Moscow: Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences,2004 . 271 p.</ref>{{Sfn|Yi|2014|p=|pp=107-108}} Then, they returned to Korea through Novgorod, Irkutsk, Khabarovsk, and Vladivostok, finally returning on 21 October 1896 and gave the letter of Nicholas II to Gojong in Russian legation.{{Sfn|Yi|2014|p=108}} Soon after his return, Min got interviewed by the [[Tongnip Sinmun]], in which he said that the trip to Europe made him a new man. He proclaimed that he would do anything for the reform of Korea.{{Sfn|Finch|2002|p=116-117}} Right after the journey, on 12 November 1896, Min was appointed as Lieutenant general and [[Ministry of Military (Korean Empire)|Minister of Military]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty |title=이윤용을 농상공부 대신에, 민영환을 군부 대신에 임명하다 |url=http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kza_13311012_003 |access-date=2022-01-12 |website=
Min successfully brought the Russian instructors to Korea on 26 October 1896.<ref>{{Cite web |last=French Ministry of Foreign Affairs Document |date=26 October 1896 |title=【114】 러시아 교관들을 지휘할 푸차타 대령의 서울 도착 |url=http://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?itemId=hk&levelId=hk_017r_0010_1140&types=r |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=db.history.go.kr}}</ref> As such, Min was expected to be a great military leader to modernise the Korean army.<ref name=":3" /> These Russian instructors trained about 800 guards, which helped Gojong to return to the [[Deoksugung|palace]] from the Russian legation.{{Sfn|Yi|2014|p=107}} However, Min's term as the minister of military was ephemeral. He had conflicts with Colonel [[Dmitry Putyata]] (the leader of the Russian instructors):<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=French Ministry of Foreign Affairs Documents |date=17 January 1897 |title=【1】조선 군대 개혁을 위해 초빙된 러시아 군사 교관단 문제 |url=http://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?sort=levelId&dir=ASC&start=1&limit=20&page=1&pre_page=1&setId=-1&totalCount=0&prevPage=0&prevLimit=&itemId=hk&types=r&synonym=off&chinessChar=on&brokerPagingInfo=&levelId=hk_018r_0010_0010&position=-1 |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=db.history.go.kr}}</ref> Putyata complained Min's incapacity for numerous times.{{Sfn|Finch|2002|p=119}} Furthermore, Min carrying out too radical reforms such as requiring short hairstyle made him have some disputes with conservatives and emperor,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Records of the Japanese Legation in Korea |date=8 November 1898 |title=(9) 獨立協會의 大臣 排斥에 관한 詳報의 件 |url=https://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?itemId=jh&levelId=jh_012r_0120_0090&types=r |access-date=2022-07-20 |website=db.history.go.kr}}</ref> which ended up resigning the post on 15 January 1897.
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Some officials, including [[Jo Byeongse]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hwang |first=Hyeon |title=1. 趙秉世의 殉節 |url=https://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?itemId=sa&levelId=sa_001r_0040_0100_0010&types=r |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=db.history.go.kr}}</ref> and his [[Pulled rickshaw|rickshaw]] puller, committed suicide following Min's death.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hwang |first=Hyeon |title=6. 인력거 인부의 殉死 |url=https://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?itemId=sa&levelId=sa_001r_0040_0100_0060&types=r |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=db.history.go.kr}}</ref>
Min was posthumously appointed as Dae-Gwang-Bo-Guk-Seung-Rok Dae-bu(大匡輔國崇祿大夫), which was the highest office of the Korean officialdom.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty |date=30 November 1905 |title=죽은 민영환과 이한응에게 벼슬을 추증하다 |url=https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kza_14211030_003 |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=
After the independence of Korea, Min was commemorated as one of the zealot in December 1945.<ref>{{Cite web |last=자유신문 |date=24 December 1945 |title=순국선열추념대회, 서울운동장에서 거행 |url=http://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?sort=levelId&dir=ASC&start=1&limit=20&page=1&pre_page=1&setId=5&totalCount=5&prevPage=0&prevLimit=&itemId=dh&types=&synonym=off&chinessChar=on&brokerPagingInfo=&levelId=dh_001_1945_12_23_0040&position=-1 |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=db.history.go.kr}}</ref> According to a survey done to Korean students in 1952, Min was one of the most respected people along with [[Sejong the Great]], and [[Yi Sun-sin]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=동아일보 |date=1 December 1952 |title=남녀 학생의 의식조사 결과 |url=https://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?setId=5&totalCount=5&itemId=dh&synonym=off&chinessChar=on&page=1&pre_page=1&brokerPagingInfo=&types=&searchSubjectClass=&position=4&levelId=dh_027_1952_12_01_0160&searchKeywordType=BI&searchKeywordMethod=EQ&searchKeyword=%EB%AF%BC%EC%98%81%ED%99%98&searchKeywordConjunction=AND |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=db.history.go.kr}}</ref> In 1962, Min was posthumously awarded the [[Order of Merit for National Foundation]] by the South Korean government.<ref name=":0" />
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== Family ==
* Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
** Min Yu-jung ({{Korean|hangul=민유중|hanja=閔維重|labels=no}};
* Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandmother
** Internal Princess Consort Pungchang of the [[Pungyang Jo clan]] ({{Korean|hangul=풍창부부인 풍양 조씨|hanja=豊昌府夫人 豊壤 趙氏|labels=no}};
* Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
** Min Jin-yeong ({{Korean|hangul=민진영|hanja=閔鎭永|labels=no}};
* Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
** Min Ak-su ({{Korean|hangul=민악수|hanja=閔樂洙|labels=no}})
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** Lady Park of the Malyang Park clan (본관: 말양 박씨, 朴氏); ({{Korean|hangul=박일환의 딸|labels=no}}) daughter of Park Il-hwan ({{Korean|hangul=박일환|hanja=朴日焕|labels=no}})
* Grandfather
** Min Chi-gu ({{Korean|hangul=민치구|hanja=閔致久|labels=no}};
* Grandmother
** Lady Yi of the [[Jeonju Yi clan]] (? – 17 November 1873). ({{Korean|hangul=전주 이씨|hanja=全州 李氏|labels=no}}); ({{Korean|hangul=이옥의 딸|labels=no}}) daughter of Yi Ok of Dongdeokrang
* Father
** Min Gyeom-ho ({{Korean|hangul=민겸호|hanja=閔謙鎬|labels=no}}; 1838 – 10 June 1882)
*Step Father
**Min Tae-ho ({{Korean|hangul=민태호|hanja=閔泰鎬|labels=no}};
* Mother
** Lady Seo ({{Korean|hangul=서씨|hanja=徐氏|labels=no}}); ({{Korean|hangul=서경순의 딸|labels=no}}) daughter of Seo Gyeong-sun ({{Korean|hangul=서경순|hanja=徐庚淳|labels=no}})
* Sibling(s)
** Younger brother: [[Min Yeong-chan]] ({{Korean|hangul=민영찬|hanja=閔泳瓚|labels=no}};
*** Sister-in-law: Lady Kang of the Geumcheon Kang clan ({{Korean|hangul=금천 강씨|hanja=衿川 姜氏|labels=no}}); Min Yeong-chan's first wife
*** Sister-in-law: Lady Me-ri of the Hu clan ({{Korean|hangul=후메이리|hanja=胡美梨|labels=no}}); Min Yeong-chan's second wife (Chinese)
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* Wife and children
**Lady Park Soo-young of the Bannam Park clan ({{Korean|hangul=박수영 반남 박씨|labels=no}}); daughter of Park Yong-hun ({{Korean|hangul=박용훈|labels=no}})
***Son: Min Beom-sik ({{Korean|hangul=민범식|hanja=閔範植|labels=no}};
****Grandson: Min Byeong-cheol ({{Korean|hangul=민병철|hanja=閔丙哲|labels=no}})
****Grandson: Min Byeong-gi ({{Korean|hangul=민병기|hanja=閔丙岐|labels=no}};
****Grandson: Min Byeong-il ({{Korean|hangul=민병일|hanja=閔丙逸|labels=no}})
***Son: Min Jang-sik ({{Korean|hangul=민장식|hanja=閔章植|labels=no}})
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{{Flag|Korean Empire}}
* [[Order of the Golden Ruler]] (Posthumously) on 1 December 1905<ref name=":2" />
* [[Order of the Plum Blossom]] on 16 September 1904<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty |date=16 September 1904 |title=이승응에게 금척 훈장을 수여하고, 윤용선 등에게 이화장을 수여하다 |url=http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kza_14109016_001 |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=
* [[Order of the Taegeuk|Order of the Taeguk]] 1st Class on 22 April 1900<ref name=":5" />
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