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The '''monarchy of the United Kingdom<!--Please do not add "of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"; it was "Great Britain" only from 1707 and "Great Britain and Ireland" from 1801-->''', commonly referred to as the '''British monarchy''', is the [[constitutional monarchy|constitutional]] form of government by which a [[hereditary monarchy|hereditary sovereign]] reigns as the [[head of state]] of the [[United Kingdom]], the [[Crown Dependencies]] (the [[Bailiwick of Guernsey]], the [[Bailiwick of Jersey]] and the [[Isle of Man]]) and the [[British Overseas Territories]]. The current monarch is King [[Charles III]], who ascended the throne on 8 September 2022, upon [[Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II|the death of his mother]], Queen [[Elizabeth II]].
The monarch and [[British royal family|their immediate family]] undertake various official, ceremonial, diplomatic and representational duties. As the monarchy is constitutional, the monarch is limited to functions such as bestowing [[Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom|honours]] and [[Kissing hands|appointing]] the [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|prime minister]], which are performed in a non-partisan manner. The monarch is also allowed to lobby, generally done in secret, to change draft laws.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pegg |first1=David |last2=Evans |first2=Rob |title=Revealed: Queen lobbied for change in law to hide her private wealth |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/feb/07/revealed-queen-lobbied-for-change-in-law-to-hide-her-private-wealth |access-date=11 September 2022 |publisher=The Guardian |date=7 Feb 2021}}</ref> The monarch is also [[Head of the British Armed Forces]]. Though the ultimate executive authority over the government is still formally by and through the [[royal prerogative]], these powers may only be used according to laws enacted in [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|Parliament]] and, in practice, within the constraints of convention and [[precedent]]. The [[Government of the United Kingdom]] is known as [[His Majesty's Government (term)|''His Majesty's Government'']].
The British monarchy traces its origins from the [[petty kingdom]]s of [[Anglo-Saxon England]] and [[early medieval Scotland]], which consolidated into the kingdoms of [[Kingdom of England|England]] and [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] by the 10th century. England was [[Norman conquest of England|conquered by the Normans]] in 1066, after which [[Wales]] also gradually came under the control of [[Anglo-Normans]]. The process was completed in the 13th century when the [[Principality of Wales]] became a [[client state]] of the English kingdom. Meanwhile, [[Magna Carta]] began the process of reducing the English monarch's political powers. From 1603, the English and Scottish kingdoms were ruled by a [[Union of the crowns|single sovereign]]. From 1649 to 1660, the tradition of monarchy was broken by the republican [[Commonwealth of England]], which followed the [[Wars of the Three Kingdoms]]. Following the installation of [[William III of England|William III]] and [[Mary II]] as co-monarchs in the [[Glorious Revolution]], the [[Bill of Rights 1689]], and its Scottish counterpart the [[Claim of Right Act 1689]], further curtailed the power of the monarchy and excluded [[Roman Catholics]] from succession to the throne. In 1707, the kingdoms of England and Scotland were merged to create the [[Kingdom of Great Britain]], and in 1801, the [[Kingdom of Ireland]] joined to create the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]]. The British monarch was the nominal head of the vast [[British Empire]], which covered a quarter of the world's land area at its greatest extent in 1921.
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