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Line 69: The '''names of China''' include the numerous contemporary and historical designations given in various languages for the East Asian country known as {{zhi\|t={{linktext\|中國}}\|s={{linktext\|中国}}\|p=Zhōngguó\|l=Central state, Middle kingdom\|out=p}} in [[Standard Chinese]], a form based on the [[Beijing dialect]] of [[Mandarin Chinese\|Mandarin]]. The English ~~name~~word "China" was [[Borrowing (linguistics)\|borrowed]] from Portuguese during the 16th century, and its direct [[Cognate\|cognates]] became common in the subsequent centuries inthroughout the West.{{sfn\|Wilkinson\|2015\|p=191}} It is believed to be a borrowing from [[Middle Persian]], and some have traced it further back to the [[Sanskrit]] word {{lang\|sa\|चीन}} ({{transliteration\|sa\|cīna}}) for the nation. It is also ~~thought~~believed that the ultimate source of the name China is the Chinese word {{zhi\|c=秦\|p=Qín\|out=p}}, the name of the [[Qin dynasty]] that ultimately unified China after existing as a [[Qin (state)\|state]] within the [[Zhou dynasty]] for many centuries prior. However, there are alternative suggestions for the etymology of this word. Chinese names for China, aside from ''Zhongguo'', include {{zhi\|t={{linktext\|中華}}\|s={{linktext\|中华}}\|l=central beauty\|p=Zhōnghuá\|out=p}}, {{zhi\|t=華夏\|s=华夏\|p=Huáxià\|l=beautiful grandness\|out=p}}, {{zhi\|c={{linktext\|神州}}\|p=Shénzhōu\|l=divine state\|out=p}} and {{zhi\|c={{linktext\|九州}}\|p=Jiǔzhōu\|l=nine states\|out=p}}. While [[Zhonghua minzu\|official notions of Chinese nationality]] do not make any particular reference to ethnicity, common names for the [[Han Chinese\|largest ethnic group]] in China are {{zhi\|t={{linktext\|漢}}\|s={{linktext\|汉}}\|p=Hàn\|out=p}} and {{zhi\|c={{linktext\|唐}}\|p=Táng\|out=p}}. The [[People's Republic of China]] ({{zhi\|p=Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó}}) and the [[Republic of China]] ({{zhi\|p=Zhōnghuá Mínguó}}) are the official names of the two governments presently claiming sovereignty over "China". The term "[[mainland China]]" is used to refer to areas under the PRC's jurisdiction, either including or excluding [[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]].

Names of China: Difference between revisions