The Olympic Diploma of Merit was an award given by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to recognise outstanding services to sports or a notable contribution to the Olympic Games. By 1974, the last time the awards were granted, just 58 people had received the award.[1][2]
History
editPierre de Coubertin, the originator of the modern Olympic Games, created the honour during the Brussels Olympic Congress of 1905 for those who had made outstanding services to sports or to those who had a major contribution in promoting the Olympic ideals. Strangely, at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, where red, blue and yellow vouchers were exchanged by the first three athletes for gold, silver and bronze medals respectively, a non-winning competitor's blue voucher could be exchanged for a 'Diploma of Merit' (equivalent of the Olympic Diploma).[3] Sports people who have won the award include Englishman Jack Beresford, winner of medals at five successive Olympics, Dane Ivan Osiier who took part in seven Olympic Games over 28 years, missing the 1936 Games as a protest against Nazism[4] and Frenchman Jean Borotra, Olympic bronze medallist in the Men's Doubles in 1924, winner of four different tennis Grand Slam titles and founder of the International Fair Play Committee.[1]
Sports administrators and promoters who have received the award include Sir Herbert Macdonald, four-time team manager for the Jamaican Olympic Team, and Sir Stanley Rous, former Secretary of The Football Association and the 6th President of FIFA (and one of the last three winners along with Jean Borotra).[1] The award has also gone to those working in the arts: architect Kenzō Tange received the award for his design of the Japanese National Gymnasium for the 1964 Olympics, and film director Kon Ichikawa received one for his celebrated, athlete-focused 1965 documentary film Tokyo Olympiad ((Tōkyō Orinpikku)).[5]
The IOC discontinued the Olympic Diploma of Merit, and three other awards, at the 75th IOC session in 1974. The two extant awards are the Olympic Order, created in 1975 for distinguished contributions to the Olympic movement, and the Olympic Cup, instituted in 1906 by Coubertin for organisations with a record of support for the Olympics and presented annually. [6]
List of recipients
editA listing of all 57 recipients:[7]
| No. | Recipient | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | President Theodore Roosevelt | United States |
| 2 | Fridjhof Nansen | Norway |
| 3 | Santos Dumont | Brazil |
| 4 | Lord Desborough | United Kingdom |
| 5 | The Duke of the Abruzzis | Italy |
| 6 | Commandant Lancrenon | France |
| 7 | Count Zeppelin | Germany |
| 8 | Colonel Balck | Sweden |
| 9 | Dr. Jean Charcot | France |
| 10 | George Chavez | Peru |
| 11 | H. M. King Alphonso XIII | Spain |
| 12 | H. H. Crown Prince of Germany | Germany |
| 13 | Alain Gerbault | France |
| 14 | Colonel Charles Lindbergh | United States |
| 15 | Captain Harry Pidgeon | United States |
| 16 | Mr Hostin | France |
| 17 | Leni Riefenstahl | Germany |
| 18 | Angelos Bolanaki | Greece |
| 19 | Dr. Paul Martin | Switzerland |
| 20 | Jack Beresford | United Kingdom |
| 21 | Dr. Ivan Osiier | Denmark |
| 22 | Guatemalan Olympic Committee | Guatemala |
| 23 | Enfants de Neptune de Tourcoing | France |
| 24 | Dr. Francis-Marius Messerli | Switzerland |
| 25 | Bill Henry | United States |
| 26 | Harry Neville Amos | New Zealand |
| 27 | Alfréd Hajós | Hungary |
| 28 | Jeanette Altwegg | United Kingdom |
| 29 | Charles Denis | France |
| 30 | Colonel Marco Perez Jimenez | Venezuela |
| 31 | Dr. Carl Diem | Germany |
| 32 | Antoine Hafner | Switzerland |
| 33 | The Rt. Hon. R. G. Menzies | Australia |
| 34 | Otto Mayer, Chancellor of the IOC | Switzerland |
| 35 | Maurice Genevoix | France |
| 36 | Nikolai Romanov | USSR |
| 37 | H. R. H. Prince Axel | Denmark |
| 38 | Victor Boin | Belgium |
| 39 | Rudolf Hagelstange | Germany |
| 40 | Kenzo Tange | Japan |
| 41 | Burhan Felek | Turkey |
| 42 | Joseph Barthel | Luxembourg |
| 43 | Joseph A. Gruss | Czechoslovakia |
| 44 | Antonio Elola | Spain |
| 45 | Kon Ichikawa | Japan |
| 46 | Sir Herbert McDonald | Jamaica |
| 47 | Vernon Morgan | United Kingdom |
| 48 | Francisco José Nobre Guedes | Portugal |
| 49 | Jean-Francois Brisson | France |
| 50 | Gaston Meyer | France |
| 51 | Andres Merce Varela | Spain |
| 52 | Frederick Ruegsegger | United States |
| 53 | Epaminondas Petralias | Greece |
| 54 | Otl Aicher | Germany |
| 55 | Sir Stanley Rous | United Kingdom |
| 56 | The Rt. Hon. Lord Philip Noel-Baker | United Kingdom |
| 57 | Jean Borotra | France |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c 1974 Olympic Awards. "Three Olympic Diplomas of Merit" (PDF). la84.org. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ The Olympic Diploma of Merit. "Vernon Morgan" (PDF). LA84 Digital Library Collection. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
- ^ Olympics (26 April 2008). "Photos of 1908 memorabilia". BBC. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
- ^ International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. "Ivan Osiier". jewishsports.net. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
- ^ Findling, John E.; Pelle, Kimberly D. (2004). Encyclopedia of the Modern Olympic Movement. Westport: Greenwood Press. p. 172.
- ^ Mallon, Bill; Heijmans, Jeroen (2015). Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement (5 ed.). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 423.
- ^ Olympic Charter 1983. Comite International Olympique. 1983. pp. 142–143.
Further reading
edit- DaCosta, L.P.; Miragaya, A. (2016). Santos-Dumont, Sports Aviator: The First Olympic Hero of Brazil (PDF) (in Portuguese and English). Rio de Janeiro: Engenho Arte e Cultura. p. 108. ISBN 978-85-69153-00-9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 December 2018. IA
- Olympic Diploma of Merit, olympedia.org