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{{Short description|Cycle of feasts in Eastern Orthodoxy}}
{{unreferencedUse American English|date=February 20082019}}
[[Image:Russian Resurrection icon.jpg|thumb|16th century [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodox]] [[icon]] of the [[Resurrection of Jesus]] [[Christ]].]]▼
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2019}}{{about|the cycle of days before and after Easter in Eastern Orthodoxy|the cycle of days before and after Easter in Western Christianity|Easter cycle||}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2024}}
{{Eastern Orthodox sidebar|expanded=calendar}}
The '''Paschal cycle''', in [[Eastern Orthodox Christianity]], is the cycle of the [[moveable feast]]s built around [[Easter|Pascha]] (Easter).{{efn|For [[fixed feast]]s, see [[Eastern Orthodox Church calendar]]. For this year's date for Pascha, see [[Easter]]. For the method used to calculate the date of Pascha, see [[Computus]].}} The cycle consists of approximately ten weeks before and seven weeks after Pascha. The ten weeks before Pascha are known as the period of the {{transl|grc|[[Triodion]]}}, referring to the [[liturgical book]] that contains the services for this liturgical season. This period includes the three weeks preceding [[Great Lent]], the "pre-Lenten period", the forty days of Lent, and [[Holy Week]]. The 50 days following Pascha are called the {{transl|grc|[[Pentecostarion]]}}, also named after the liturgical book.
 
The '''PaschalSunday cycle'''of ineach theweek [[Easternhas Orthodox|Eastern]]a and [[Oriental Orthodox]]special Churchescommemoration, isnamed the cycle offor the [[moveableGospel feast(liturgy)|Gospel reading]]s builtassigned aroundto [[Easter|Pascha]]that (Easter)day. TheCertain other cycleweekdays have special consistscommemorations of approximatelytheir tenown. weeksThe beforeentire andcycle sevenrevolves weeks afteraround Pascha. The ten weeks before Pascha areend knownon asSunday, i.e., the periodWeek of the ''[[Triodion]]''Prodigal (referringSon tobegins on the [[liturgical book]]Monday that containsfollows the servicesPublican forand thisthe liturgical season)Pharisee. This periodis includesbecause theeverything threein weeks preceding [[Great Lent]] (the "pre-Lenten period"), theis forty daysanticipatory of Lent,Pascha. andStarting [[Holyon Week]].Pascha, Thethe 50weeks daysagain followingbegin Paschaon areSunday, calledi.e., theThomas ''[[Pentecostarion]]''Week (again, namedbegins afteron the liturgicalSunday book)of St. Thomas.
 
While the Pentecostarion closes after All Saints Sunday, the Paschal cycle continues throughout the entire year, until the beginning of the next Pre-Lenten period. The [[Octoechos (liturgy)|Tone of the Week]], the [[Epistle]] and [[Gospel (liturgy)|Gospel]] readings at the [[Divine Liturgy]], and the 11 [[Matins Gospels]] with their accompanying hymns are dependent on it. ▼
The Sunday of each week has a special commemoration, named for the [[Gospel (liturgy)|Gospel reading]] assigned to that day. Certain other weekdays have special commemorations of their own (see outline, below). The entire cycle revolves around Pascha. The weeks before Pascha end on Sunday (i.e., the Week of the Prodigal Son begins on the Monday that follows the Publican and the Pharisee). This is because everything in the Lenten period is looking forward towards Pascha. Starting on Pascha, the weeks again begin on Sunday (i.e., Thomas Week begins on the Sunday of St. Thomas).
 
▲While the Pentecostarion closes after All Saints Sunday, the Paschal cycle continues throughout the entire year, until the beginning of the next Pre-Lenten period. The [[Octoechos (liturgy)|Tone of the Week]], the [[Epistle]] and [[Gospel (liturgy)|Gospel]] readings at the [[Divine Liturgy]], and the 11 [[Matins Gospels]] with their accompanying hymns are dependent on it.
 
(For [[fixed feast]]s, see [[Eastern Orthodox Church calendar]]. For this year's date for Pascha, see [[Easter]]. For the method used to calculate the date of Pascha, see [[Computus]].)
 
==Pre-Lent==
[[Image:Icon 03046 Hristos voskreshaet Lazarya.jpg|thumb|Icon of [[Lazarus Saturday]]]]▼
[[Image:Icon 03004 Vhod Gospoden' v Ierusalim.jpg|thumb|Icon of [[Palm Sunday]] ]]▼
[[Image:Omovenie nog.jpg|thumb|Icon of Christ washing the feet of the Apostles (16th century, [[Pskov]] school of [[iconography]]).]]▼
[[Image:Icon 03005 Sobor 12-ti apostolov s Konstantinom Velikim.jpg|thumb|Icon of [[Pentecost]]]]▼
{{main|Pre-Lenten Season}}
*'''[[Zacchaeus]] Sunday''' (Slavic tradition) or '''Sunday of the Canaanite''' (Greek tradition): 11th Sunday before Pascha<ref>{{cite book |last1=Denysenko |first1=Nicholas |title=This Is the Day That the Lord Has Made: The Liturgical Year in Orthodoxy |date=2023 |publisher=Cascade Books |location=Eugene, Oregon |isbn=9781666717778 |page=12 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hai_EAAAQBAJ&dq=Orthodox+paschal+cycle&pg=PR8 |access-date=5 February 2024}}</ref>
*'''The [[Pharisee and the Publican|Publican and the Pharisee]]''': 10th Sunday before Pascha (70 days)
*'''The [[Prodigal Son]]''': 9th Sunday before Pascha (63 days)
*'''The [[Last Judgment]]'''; also, '''Meat-Fare Sunday''' (the last day meat may be eaten): 8th Sunday before Pascha (56 days)
*'''Sunday of Forgiveness'''; also, '''Cheese-Fare Sunday''' (the last day dairy products may be consumed — during Great Lent fish, wine, and olive oil will be allowed only on certain days): 7th Sunday before Pascha (4049 days)
 
==Great Lent==
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*'''Memorial Saturdays'''—2nd, 3rd, and 4th Saturdays of Great Lent—commemorative [[Divine Liturgy|Divine Liturgies]] and [[memorial service (Orthodox)|memorial service]]s for the dead are celebrated on the
*'''Saint [[Gregory Palamas]]'''—2nd Sunday of Lent—5th Sunday before Pascha (35 days)
*'''[[Feast of the Cross|Adoration of the Cross]]''' 4th Sunday before Pascha and 3rd Sunday of Lent (28 days)
*'''Saint [[John Climacus|John of the Ladder]]'''—4th—3rd Sunday ofbefore Lent—3rdPascha Sundayand before4th PaschaSunday of Lent—(21 days)
*'''Saturday of the [[Akathist]]'''—5th Saturday of Great Lent
*'''Saint [[Mary of Egypt]]'''—5th Sunday of Lent—2nd Sunday before Pascha (14 days)
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*'''[[Lazarus Saturday]]''', the beginning of Holy Week (8 days before Pascha)
*'''[[Palm Sunday]]''', or the Triumphant Entry of [[Christ]] into [[Jerusalem]]: last Sunday before Pascha (7 days)
*'''[[Holy Monday|Great and Holy Monday]]''': [[Joseph (Hebrew BibleGenesis)|Joseph the All-Comely]] (from the [[Old Testament]]), who was sold into slavery by his brethren, and the withering of the fig tree (Matthew 21:18-22){{bibleverseefn|{{bibleverse|Matthew|21:18-22}})}} (6 days)
*'''[[Holy Tuesday|Great and Holy Tuesday]]''': [[Parable of the Ten Virgins]] (5 days) [
*'''[[Holy Wednesday|Great and Holy Wednesday]]''': Anointing of Jesus with [[myrrh]] by Mary of [[Bethany (Jerusalem)|Bethany]] (Sister of Lazarus and Martha) in the house of [[Simon the Leper]] in [[Bethany (Jerusalem)|Bethany]]; also, the Holy [[Unction]] (4 days)
*'''[[Maundy Thursday|Great and Holy Thursday]]''': The washing of the disciples' feet, the institution of the Holy [[Eucharist]], the "Marvelous Prayer", and the betrayal by [[Judas Iscariot]] (3 days)
*'''[[Good Friday|Great and Holy Friday]]''': The holy, saving and lifegiving [[Passion (Christianity)|Passion]] of Christ; [[Joseph of Arimathea]] (2 days)
*'''[[Holy Saturday|Great and Holy Saturday]]''': The [[Sepulchre]] of Christ, his descent into [[Christian views on Hades|Hades]] to raise up mankind and defeat the powers of death (last day before Pascha)
 
==Great and Holy Pascha==
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==Pentecostarion (Paschaltide)==
{{main|Pentecostarion}}
*'''[[Bright Week]]''': Week followingcommencing on Pascha
*'''[[Thomas Sunday]]''' (Sunday of Saint Thomas): 1st Sunday after Pascha (78 days; counting Pascha as day 1)
*'''The Holy [[RadonitsaMyrrhbearers]]''': Tuesday2nd Sunday after Thomas SundayPascha (915 days)
*'''The Holy [[Myrrhbearers]]Paralytic''': 2nd3rd Sunday after Pascha (1422 days)
*'''The Paralytic[[Mid-Pentecost]]''': 3rd4th SundayWednesday after Pascha (2125 days)
*'''The [[Samaritan_woman#The_woman_at_the_well_in_Samaria|Samaritan Woman]] ([[Saint Photini|Photini]])''': 4th Sunday after Pascha (2829 days)
*'''The Blind Man''': 5th Sunday after Pascha (3536 days)
*'''The [[AscensionAfterfeast|Leave-Taking of Jesus Christ(Apodosis)]]''' of Pascha (39 daysDays)
*'''The [[Ascension of Jesus Christ]]''' (40 days)
*'''The Fathers of the [[First Ecumenical Council]]''': 6th Sunday after Pascha (4043 days)
*'''[[Pentecost]]''', when the [[Holy Spirit]] descended on the [[Twelve Apostles|Apostles]]: 7th Sunday after Pascha (4950 days)
*'''[[All Saints' Day|All Saints]]''': 8th Sunday after Pascha (5657 days)
 
==Gallery of icons of the Paschal cycle==
 
<gallery>
▲[[ImageFile:Russian Resurrection icon.jpg|thumb|16th century [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodox]] [[icon]] of the [[Resurrection of Jesus]] [[Christ]].]]
▲[[ImageFile:Icon 03046 Hristos voskreshaet Lazarya.jpg|thumb|Icon of [[Lazarus Saturday]]]]
▲[[ImageFile:Icon 03004 Vhod Gospoden' v Ierusalim.jpg|thumb|Icon of [[Palm Sunday]] ]]
▲[[ImageFile:Omovenie nog.jpg|thumb|Icon of Christ washing the feet of the Apostles (16th century, [[Pskov]] school of [[iconography]]).]]
▲[[ImageFile:Icon 03005 Sobor 12-ti apostolov s Konstantinom Velikim.jpg|thumb|Icon of [[Pentecost]]]]
</gallery>
 
==See also==
*[[List of movable Eastern Christian observances]]
 
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
 
==References==
{{reflist}}
 
{{Easter}}
 
[[Category:EasterEastertide]]
[[Category:Eastern Orthodox liturgical days]]
[[Category:Christian termsterminology]]
[[Category:Lent]]
 
[[Category:Holidays based on the date of Easter]]
[[nl:Paascyclus]]
[[Category:April observances]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paschal_cycle"