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| name = Pierre de Fermat
| image = Pierre de Fermat.jpg
| caption = Pierre de Fermat, 17th century painting by unknown author
| birth_date = 1607?{{efn|name=birth}}
| birth_place = [[Beaumont-de-Lomagne]], [[Kingdom of France|France]]
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==Biography==
[[File:Pierre de Fermat3.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Pierre de Fermat, 17th century painting by {{ill|Rolland Lefebvre|fr}}]]▼
Fermat was born in 1607{{efn|name=birth}} in [[Beaumont-de-Lomagne]], France—the late 15th-century mansion where Fermat was born is now a museum. He was from [[Gascony]], where his father, Dominique Fermat, was a wealthy leather merchant and served three one-year terms as one of the four consuls of Beaumont-de-Lomagne. His mother was Claire de Long.<ref name="birthyear">{{Cite web|url=https://www.maa.org/press/periodicals/convergence/when-was-pierre-de-fermat-born|title=When Was Pierre de Fermat Born? {{!}} Mathematical Association of America|website=www.maa.org|access-date=2017-07-09}}</ref> Pierre had one brother and two sisters and was almost certainly brought up in the town of his birth.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}
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===Work===
▲[[File:Pierre de Fermat3.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Pierre de Fermat]]
[[File:Diophantus-II-8-Fermat.jpg|thumb|right|upright| The 1670 edition of [[Diophantus]]'s ''[[Arithmetica]]'' includes Fermat's commentary, referred to as his "Last Theorem" (''Observatio Domini Petri de Fermat''), posthumously published by his son]]
Fermat's pioneering work in [[analytic geometry]] (''Methodus ad disquirendam maximam et minimam et de tangentibus linearum curvarum'') was circulated in manuscript form in 1636 (based on results achieved in 1629),<ref>Daniel Garber, Michael Ayers (eds.), ''The Cambridge History of Seventeenth-century Philosophy, Volume 2'', Cambridge University Press, 2003, p. 754 n. 56.</ref> predating the publication of Descartes' famous ''[[La Géométrie|La géométrie]]'' (1637), which exploited the work.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pierre-de-Fermat|title=Pierre de Fermat {{!}} Biography & Facts|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-11-14|language=en}}</ref> This manuscript was published posthumously in 1679 in ''Varia opera mathematica'', as ''Ad Locos Planos et Solidos Isagoge'' (''Introduction to Plane and Solid Loci'').<ref>[[Jan Gullberg|Gullberg, Jan]]. ''Mathematics from the birth of numbers'', W. W. Norton & Company; p. 548. {{isbn|0-393-04002-X}} {{isbn|978-0393040029}}</ref>
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