Romantic orientation: Difference between revisions

*** {{Visible anchor|Biromantic|Biromanticism|text='''Biromantic'''}} or '''ambiromantic''': Romantic attraction towards two genders, or person(s) of the same and other genders (biromanticism or ambiromanticism).<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Decker |first=Julie Sondra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vTSCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT11 |title=The Invisible Orientation: An Introduction to Asexuality * Next Generation Indie Book Awards Winner in LGBT * |date=2015-10-13 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1-5107-0064-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Lisbin |first=Maya Katyajini Ghosh |date=2023 |title=A-Spec: Conceptualizing Asexual Identity, Experience, and Phenomenological Form |url=https://scholarworks.brandeis.edu/esploro/outputs/undergraduate/9924315684501921 |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=[[Brandeis University]] |doi=10.48617/etd.1077}}</ref> Sometimes used the same way as panromantic or multiromantic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Does Biromantic Mean? |url=https://www.webmd.com/sex/what-does-biromantic-mean |access-date=2021-12-03 |website=WebMD |language=en |archive-date=December 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203193041/https://www.webmd.com/sex/what-does-biromantic-mean |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":03">{{Cite journal |last1=Hayfield |first1=Nikki |last2=Křížová |first2=Karolína |date=2021-04-03 |title=It's Like Bisexuality, but It Isn't: Pansexual and Panromantic People's Understandings of Their Identities and Experiences of Becoming Educated about Gender and Sexuality |journal=[[Journal of Bisexuality]] |language=en |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=167–193 |doi=10.1080/15299716.2021.1911015 |issn=1529-9716 |s2cid=236723919|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1name=Antonsen |first1=Amy N. |last2=Zdaniuk |first2=Bozena |last3=Yule |first3=Morag |last4=Brotto |first4=Lori A. |date=2020-07-01 |title=Ace and Aro": Understanding Differences in Romantic Attractions Among Persons Identifying as Asexual |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-019-01600-1 |journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior |language=en |volume=49 |issue=5 |pages=1615–1630 |doi=10.1007/s10508-019-01600-1 |issn=1573-2800 |pmid=32095971 |s2cid=211476089 |access-date=December 4, 2021 |archive-date=April 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429220240/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-019-01600-1 |url-status=live }}<"/ref>

The implications of the distinction between romantic and sexual orientations have not been fully recognized, nor have they been studied extensively.<ref name=":2">{{cite book|title=Understanding Asexuality|last1=Bogaert|first1=Anthony F.|year=2012|isbn=978-1442200999|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.|page=14|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O3v27O00GEYC|access-date=April 12, 2015}}</ref> It is common for sources to describe sexual orientation as including components of both sexual and romantic (or romantic equivalent) attractions.<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2"/> Publications investigating the relationship between sexual orientation and romantic orientation are limited. Challenges in collecting information result from survey participants having difficulty identifying or distinguishing between sexual and romantic attractions.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Savin-Williams|first1=Ritch C.|last2=Vrangalova|first2=Zhana|date=2013|title=Mostly heterosexual as a distinct sexual orientation group: A systematic review of the empirical evidence|journal=Developmental Review|volume=33|issue=1|pages=58–88|doi=10.1016/j.dr.2013.01.001|issn=0273-2297}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Priebe|first1=Gisela|last2=Svedin|first2=Carl Göran|date=2013|title=Operationalization of Three Dimensions of Sexual Orientation in a National Survey of Late Adolescents|journal=The Journal of Sex Research|volume=50|issue=8|pages=727–738|doi=10.1080/00224499.2012.713147|issn=0022-4499|pmid=23136981|s2cid=27288714}}</ref> Asexual individuals experience little to no sexual attraction (see [[gray asexuality]]); however, they may still experience romantic attraction.<ref name="Helm">{{cite book|vauthors=Helm KM|title=Hooking Up: The Psychology of Sex and Dating|isbn=978-1610699518|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|year=2015|page=32|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O3K9CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA32}}</ref><ref name="Fischer">{{cite book|vauthors=Fischer NL, Seidman S|title=Introducing the New Sexuality Studies|isbn=978-1317449188|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2016|page=183|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SEmTDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA183|access-date=November 27, 2019|archive-date=July 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706223114/https://books.google.com/books?id=SEmTDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA183|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Lisa M. Diamond]] states that a person's romantic orientation can differ from whom the person is sexually attracted to.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Diamond|first=Lisa M.|date=2003|title=What does sexual orientation orient? A biobehavioral model distinguishing romantic love and sexual desire.|journal=Psychological Review|volume=110|issue=1|pages=173–192|doi=10.1037/0033-295X.110.1.173|issn=1939-1471|pmid=12529061}}</ref> While there is limited research on the discordance between sexual attraction and romantic attraction in individuals, the possibility of [[sexual fluidity|fluidity]] and diversity in attractions have been progressively recognized.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lund|first1=Emily M.|last2=Thomas|first2=Katie B.|last3=Sias|first3=Christina M.|last4=Bradley|first4=April R.|date=2016-10-01|title=Examining Concordant and Discordant Sexual and Romantic Attraction in American Adults: Implications for Counselors|journal=Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling|volume=10|issue=4|pages=211–226|doi=10.1080/15538605.2016.1233840|s2cid=151856457|issn=1553-8605}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Weinrich |first1=James D. |last2=Klein |first2=Fritz |last3=McCutchan |first3=J. Allen |last4=Grant |first4=Igor |last5=Group |first5=The HNRC |date=2014-07-03 |title=Cluster Analysis of the Klein Sexual Orientation Grid in Clinical and Nonclinical Samples: When Bisexuality Is Not Bisexuality |journal=[[Journal of Bisexuality]] |volume=14 |issue=3–4 |pages=349–372 |doi=10.1080/15299716.2014.938398 |issn=1529-9716 |pmc=4267693 |pmid=25530727}}</ref> Researchers Bulmer and Izuma found that people who identify as aromantic often have more negative attitudes in relation to romance. While roughly 1% of the population identifies as asexual, 74% of those people reported having some form of romantic attraction.<ref name=":5">{{Citecite journal |last1=Antonsen |first1=Amy N. |last2=Zdaniuk |first2=Bozena |last3=Yule |first3=Morag |last4=Brotto |first4=Lori A. |date=2020-07-01 |title=Ace and Aro: Understanding Differences in Romantic Attractions Among Persons Identifying as Asexual |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-019-01600-1 |journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior |languagedate=enJuly 2020 |volume=49 |issue=5 |pages=1615–1630 |doi=10.1007/s10508-019-01600-1 |pmid=32095971 |s2cid=211476089 |issn=1573-2800 |access-date=December 4, 2021 |archive-date=April 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429220240/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-019-01600-1 |url-status=live }}</ref>