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[[File:Tongva Sacred Springs 2023 March open house day 19.jpg|thumb|left|Replica Tongva ''kiiy'' and [[Sambucus cerulea|California native elderberry]] in blossom at [[Tongva Sacred Springs]] in Los Angeles]]
The Tongva lived in the main part of the most fertile lowland of southern California, including a stretch of sheltered coast with a pleasant climate and abundant food resources,<ref name="HeizerWhipple1971">{{cite book|first=William J.|last=Wallace|editor1=Robert Fleming Heizer|editor2=Mary Anne Whipple|title=The California Indians: A Source Book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZjUOmWWyGSMC&pg=PA187|year=1971|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-02031-3|page=187|chapter=A Suggested Chronology for Southern California Coastal Archaeology|access-date=June 17, 2019|archive-date=December 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224022908/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZjUOmWWyGSMC&pg=PA187|url-status=live}}</ref> and the most habitable of the Santa Barbara Islands. They have been referred to as the most culturally 'advanced' group south of the [[Kawaiisu|Tehachapi]], and the wealthiest of the [[Uto-Aztecan]] speakers in California, dominating other native groups culturally wherever contacts occurred. Many of the cultural developments of the surrounding southern peoples had their origin with the Gabrieleño.<ref>Kroeber 1925, p. 621</ref> The Tongva territory was the center of a flourishing trade network that extended from the [[Channel Islands (California)|Channel Islands]] in the west to the [[Colorado River]] in the east, allowing the people to maintain trade relations with the [[Cahuilla]], [[Serrano people|Serrano]], [[Luiseño]], [[Chumash people|Chumash]], and [[Mohave people|Mohave]].<ref name="EnvironmentalImpact2004">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M7E2AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA30|title=Los Angeles Union Station Run-through Tracks Project: Environmental Impact Statement|publisher=Caltrans|year=2004|pages=30–33|access-date=July 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222231126/https://books.google.com/books?id=M7E2AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA30|archive-date=December 22, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Like all Indigenous peoples, they utilized and existed in an interconnected relationship with the [[flora]] and [[fauna]] of their familial territory. Villages were located throughout four major ecological zones, as noted by biologist Matthew Teutimez: interior mountains and foothills, grassland/oak woodland, sheltered coastal canyons, and the exposed coast. Therefore, resources such as plants, animals, and earth minerals were diverse and used for various purposes, including for food and materials. Prominent flora included oak (''[[Quercus agrifolia]]'') and willow (''[[Salix|Salix spp.]]'') trees, chia (''[[Salvia columbariae]]''), cattail (''[[Typha|Typha spp.]]''), datura or jimsonweed (''[[Datura innoxia]]''), white sage (''[[Salvia apiana]]''), ''[[Juncus|Juncus spp.]]'', Mexican Elderberry (''[[Sambucus]]''), wild tobacco (''[[Nicotiana|Nicotiana spp.]]''), and yucca (''[[Hesperoyucca whipplei]]''). Prominent fauna included [[mule deer]], [[pronghorn]], [[California black bear|black bear]], [[grizzly bear]], [[black-tailed jackrabbit]], [[Cottontail rabbit|cottontail]], [[bald eagle]], [[red-tailed hawk]], [[dolphin]], and [[gray whale]].<ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|last=Teutimez|first=Matthew|title=A Compendium of Kizh/Gabrieleno Utilized Flora and Fauna|url=http://www.gabrielenoindians.net/flora-and-fauna.html|journal=Kizh Tribal Press|access-date=October 9, 2020|archive-date=July 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726143457/http://gabrielenoindians.net/flora-and-fauna.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
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