Pullulan is a polysaccharide consisting of maltotriose units, also known as α-1,4- ;α-1,6-glucan'. Three glucose units in maltotriose are connected by an α-1,4 glycosidic bond, whereas consecutive maltotriose units are connected to each other by an α-1,6 glycosidic bond. Pullulan is produced from starch by the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans. Pullulan is mainly used by the cell to resist desiccation and predation. The presence of this polysaccharide also facilitates diffusion of molecules both into and out of the cell.[1]
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| Names | |
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| Other names
E1204
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| Identifiers | |
| ChemSpider |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.029.938 |
| EC Number |
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| E number | E1204 (additional chemicals) |
| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| (C6H10O5)n | |
| Appearance | White powder |
| Soluble | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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As an edible, mostly tasteless polymer, the chief commercial use of pullulan is in the manufacture of edible films that are used in various breath freshener or oral hygiene products such as Listerine Cool Mint of Johnson and Johnson (USA) and Meltz Super Thin Mints of Avery Bio-Tech Private Ltd. (India). Pullulan and HPMC can also be used as a vegetarian substitute for drug capsules, rather than gelatine. As a food additive, it is known by the E number E1204.
Pullulan has also be explored as natural polymeric biomaterials to fabricated injectable scaffold for bone tissue engineering,[2] cartilage tissue engineering,[3] and intervertebral disc regeneration.[4]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Rehm B.H.A (2009). Microbial production of biopolymers and polymers precursors. Caister Academic Press. p. 230.
- ^ Fricain, Jean Christophe; Schlaubitz, Silke; Le Visage, Catherine; Arnault, Isabelle; Derkaoui, Sidi Mohammed; Siadous, Robin; Catros, Sylvain; Lalande, Charlotte; Bareille, Reine; Renard, Martine; Fabre, Thierry; Cornet, Sandro; Durand, Marlène; Léonard, Alain; Sahraoui, Nouredine (2013-04-01). "A nano-hydroxyapatite – Pullulan/dextran polysaccharide composite macroporous material for bone tissue engineering". Biomaterials. 34 (12): 2947–2959. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.01.049. ISSN 0142-9612. PMID 23375393.
- ^ Chen, Feng; Yu, Songrui; Liu, Bing; Ni, Yunzhou; Yu, Chunyang; Su, Yue; Zhu, Xinyuan; Yu, Xiaowei; Zhou, Yongfeng; Yan, Deyue (2016-01-28). "An Injectable Enzymatically Crosslinked Carboxymethylated Pullulan/Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogel for Cartilage Tissue Engineering". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 20014. Bibcode:2016NatSR...620014C. doi:10.1038/srep20014. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4730219. PMID 26817622.
- ^ Henry, Nina; Clouet, Johann; Fragale, Audrey; Griveau, Louise; Chédeville, Claire; Véziers, Joëlle; Weiss, Pierre; Le Bideau, Jean; Guicheux, Jérôme; Le Visage, Catherine (2017-01-01). "Pullulan microbeads/Si-HPMC hydrogel injectable system for the sustained delivery of GDF-5 and TGF-β1: new insight into intervertebral disc regenerative medicine". Drug Delivery. 24 (1): 999–1010. doi:10.1080/10717544.2017.1340362. ISSN 1071-7544. PMC 8241148. PMID 28645219.
- Characteristics of pullulan based edible films (abstract)
- Pullulan
- pullulan at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- Pullulan chemical diagram
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Further reading
edit- Saman Zarei; Faramarz Khodaiyan; Seyed Saeid Hosseini; John F. Kennedy. (October 2020) "Pullulan Production Using Molasses and Corn Steep Liquor as Agroindustrial Wastes: Physiochemical, Thermal and Rheological Properties". Applied Food Biotechnology, Vol. 7 No. 4 (2020), 18 August 2020 , Page 263-272. https://doi.org/10.22037/afb.v7i4.29747