Qareh Khawoserre was possibly the third king[1][2] of the Canaanite 14th Dynasty of Egypt, who reigned over the eastern Nile Delta from Avaris during the Second Intermediate Period. His reign is believed to have lasted about 10 years, from 1770 BC until 1760 BC[1] or later, around 1710 BC. Alternatively, Qareh could have been a later vassal of the Hyksos kings of the 15th Dynasty and would then be classified as a king of the 16th Dynasty.
| Qareh Khawoserre | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qar, Qur, Qal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Scarab seal with the nomen Qareh | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pharaoh | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reign | c. 15 years, 1760 BC-1745 BC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | uncertain, Ya'ammu Nubwoserre | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Successor | uncertain, 'Ammu Ahotepre | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dynasty | 14th dynasty | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Qareh's name is West Semitic and means "The bald one". Qareh's name was earlier misread as Qar, Qur, and Qal.[3]
Attestations
editQareh Khawoserre is attested by thirty royal seals inscribed with his name, only one of which has a known provenance: Jericho in Palestine.[4] His nomen Qareh is attested by 8 seals and his prenomen Khawoserre is attested by 22 seals.[5]
Identification
editThe Egyptologist Kim Ryholt equates Qareh with the prenomen Khawoserre, which is also only attested through scarab seals. Qareh's chronological position is uncertain, with Ryholt and Darrell Baker placing him as the third king of the 14th Dynasty based on the style of his seals. On the other hand, Thomas Schneider and Jürgen von Beckerath see him as a ruler of the 16th Dynasty.[6] Alternatively, James Peter Allen proposes that he was an Hyksos ruler of the early 15th Dynasty[7]
See also
editReferences
edit
- ^ a b c K.S.B. Ryholt (1998). The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C1800-1550 BC. Museum Tusculanum Press. ISBN 8772894210.
- ^ Darrell D. Baker: The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I - Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC, Stacey International, ISBN 978-1-905299-37-9, 2008, p. 303
- ^ K., Ryholt (1998). "King Qareh, a Canaanite King in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period". Israel Exploration Journal (48): 194–200.
- ^ Percy Newberry: Egyptian antiquities. Scarabs. An Introduction to the Study of Egyptian Seals and Signet Rings. Constable, London 1906, S. 150, pl. XXI, 23, 24.
- ^ Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997). The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C. Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 199. ISBN 978-87-7289-421-8.
- ^ Thomas Schneider: Lexikon der Pharaonen. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, ISBN 3-491-96053-3, p. 226.
- ^ Daphna Ben-Tor, Susan J. Allen, James P. Allen: Seals and Kings. In: Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research Bd. 315, 1999, S. 47–74 (pdf-download).