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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2012}}
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| type = serial
| image = Galaxy 4.jpg
| caption = The Drahvins are depicted as beautiful but ultimately cruel, in contrast to the unattractive but friendly Rills.{{sfn|Wright|2017|pp=20–21}} They were originally male, but rewritten as female due to the emerging [[women's liberation movement]].{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=21}}{{sfn|Walker|1994|p=11}}
| doctor = [[William Hartnell]] – [[First Doctor]]
| companions =
Line 15 ⟶ 14:
* [[Peter Purves]] – [[Steven Taylor (Doctor Who)|Steven Taylor]]
| guests =
* [[Stephanie Bidmead]] – Maaga
* Marina Martin, Susanna Caroll, [[Lyn Ashley]] – Drahvins
* Jimmy Kaye, William Shearer, [[Angelo Muscat]], Pepi Poupée, Tommy Reynolds –
* Robert Cartland – Rill Voices
* [[Barry Jackson (actor)|Barry Jackson]] – Garvey
| director = [[Derek Martinus]]{{efn|[[Mervyn Pinfield]] directed some early footage for the serial before his failing health prevented him from continuing;{{sfn|Walker|1994|p=12}} he was uncredited.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=27}}}}
| writer = [[William Emms]]
| script_editor = [[Donald Tosh]]
| producer = [[Verity Lambert]]
| composer = None{{efn|The serial uses [[stock music]], primarily from the group [[Les Structures Sonores]]: from the group, Jacques Lasry's work was used in all four episodes,{{sfn|Wright|2017|pp=28–31, 33}} while Daniel Ouzounoff was used in the first two,{{sfn|Wright|2017|pp=28–30}} and Jacques Chollet in the second.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=30}} The fourth episode also uses a piece from [[Trevor Duncan]].{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=33}}}}
| production_code = T
| series = [[Doctor Who (season 3)|Season 3]]
| length = 4 episodes, 25 minutes each
| missing_eps = 3 episodes (1, 2
| started = {{Start date|1965|9|11|df=y}}
| ended = {{End date|1965|10|2|df=y}}
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}}
'''''Galaxy 4'''''
Emms, an avid ''Doctor Who'' viewer since its beginning in 1963, was commissioned to write ''Galaxy 4'' by outgoing story editor [[Dennis Spooner]] after submitting an unsolicited story idea. His idea was to show two conflicting races—one beautiful and one ugly—and flip convention by making the beautiful race evil. Spooner's successor [[Donald Tosh]] handled the bulk of the rewrites. Although [[Verity Lambert]] was credited as producer, ''Galaxy 4'' was the first serial to be produced by her successor [[John Wiles]]. [[Mervyn Pinfield]] was originally assigned to direct the story, but his failing health shortly into production prevented him from continuing, and he was replaced by [[Derek Martinus]], a new director. ''Galaxy 4'' was the penultimate serial of the show's second recording block, but was pushed to open the third season. Filming took place at the [[Television Centre, London|Television Centre]] in July 1965.
''Galaxy 4'' received high viewership numbers, with an average of 9.9 million viewers across the four episodes; and the third episode became the most-viewed of the third season with 11 million viewers. Contemporary and retrospective reviews were generally positive, with praise for its concept and originality. The videotapes of the serial were [[Wiping|wiped]] by the BBC in the late 1960s; the third episode was recovered in 2011, but the other three episodes remain [[Doctor Who missing episodes|missing]]. ''Galaxy 4'' received print and audiobook adaptations, and was released on VHS and DVD with reconstructions of the missing episodes using [[telesnaps]] and off-air recordings; an animated version of the serial has also been released on DVD and Blu-ray.
== Plot ==
The [[First Doctor]] ([[William Hartnell]]) and his [[Companion (Doctor Who)|companions]] [[Vicki (Doctor Who)|Vicki]] ([[Maureen O'Brien]]), and [[Steven Taylor (Doctor Who)|Steven Taylor]] ([[Peter Purves]]) arrive on a silent planet and encounter short, blind, non-humanoid robots, dubbed "Chumblies" by Vicki. Before the trio decide whether the Chumblies are hostile, one of the robots is disabled by an all-female party of [[cloned]] blonde Drahvin warriors from the planet Drahva in the same galaxy as the silent planet, Galaxy 4. The Drahvins are dominated by their cruel leader, Maaga ([[Stephanie Bidmead]]), who treats her simple-minded subordinates with bullying contempt. The Drahvins are at war with the reptilian Rills, the masters of the Chumblies, and both races have crashed spaceships on this planet. According to the Drahvins, the planet will be destroyed in 14 planetary cycles and, with their ship irreparable, Maaga and her warriors seek to capture the Rill ship, which they believe has been made functional again. Maaga describes the Drahvins as the victims of the conflict with the Rills, but the Doctor has witnessed some of the Drahvin aggression and is not convinced. Using the [[TARDIS]], he calculates the planet will break up in just two days' time. The Doctor tries to keep this new finding from the Drahvins, but Maaga forces the truth from him at the point of a gun.
With Steven held as hostage to ensure their co-operation, the Doctor and Vicki are sent by the Drahvins to try to seize control of the Rill ship. The Doctor works out that the [[ammonia]]-breathing Rills (voiced by Robert Cartland) are a very advanced species: when he meets one, he is impressed, particularly by their use of [[telepathy]]. The huge and impressive, horned [[warthog]]-like Rill explains that they have offered to take the Drahvins away with them but Maaga has refused, preferring to maintain a state of war. The Doctor tells the Rills of the true life remaining in the planet and promises to help them escape, since the solar energy converters on the Rill craft have not gathered enough power to effect a lift-off. The Doctor and Vicki return to the Drahvin ship to find Steven unconscious after Maaga has tried to kill him by leaving him in a depressurised airlock. They all return to the Rill vessel, where the Doctor successfully develops a power converter linked to the TARDIS, which charges the Rill craft. Maaga leads the Drahvins in a final assault, but the Chumblies defend their ship long enough for it to power up and leave the planet. A Chumbley helps the Doctor, Vicki, and Steven to return to the TARDIS. After they leave, the planet explodes, killing the Drahvins.
In the TARDIS, Vicki identifies a planet on the scanner. On the planet, an astronaut ([[Barry Jackson (actor)|Barry Jackson]]) wakes up in an alien jungle, repeating the phrase "I must kill".{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=19}}
== Production ==
=== Conception and writing ===
Schoolteacher-turned-screenwriter [[William Emms]], a science-fiction fan and avid ''[[Doctor Who]]'' viewer since its beginning in 1963, submitted an unsolicited story idea to producer [[Verity Lambert]] and story editor [[Dennis Spooner]] in early 1965.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=20}} His idea was to show two conflicting races—one beautiful and one ugly—and flip convention by making the beautiful race evil.{{sfn|Wright|2017|pp=20–21}} Spooner commissioned Emms to write the serial,{{sfn|Walker|1994|p=9}} then named ''Doctor Who and the Chumblies'' on 1 March 1965, with a script due date set for 15 April.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=21}} In mid-April, Spooner's successor [[Donald Tosh]] began working on ''Doctor Who'', and handled the bulk of the rewrites for Emm's scripts; Spooner departed in mid-May.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=21}} Emms disliked the amendments, which had included the reduction of four main cast members to three, and replacing the role of [[Barbara Wright (Doctor Who)|Barbara Wright]]—who had departed in the previous season—with Steven, which he felt made little sense as Steven was a trained astronaut and would not allow himself to become trapped in an airlock.{{sfn|Wright|2017|pp=21–22}} The show's cast were also unhappy with the script; Hartnell and O'Brien felt that the dialogue and behaviour were inconsistent with their characters, and Purves felt that his dialogue was not changed enough from the original script with Barbara.{{sfn|Walker|1994|page=15}} According to Emms, Hartnell's role on the show was threatened if he did not follow the script.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=29}}
''Galaxy 4'' was the penultimate serial of the show's second recording block, which had begun with the [[Doctor Who (season 2)|second season]]'s ''[[The Rescue (Doctor Who)|The Rescue]]''; alongside the following episode, "[[Mission to the Unknown]]", ''Galaxy 4''{{'s}} broadcast was pushed to open the show's [[Doctor Who (season 3)|third season]].{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=21}} Although Lambert was credited as producer for ''Galaxy 4'', her successor—[[John Wiles]], who had joined the programme in early June 1965—was effectively responsible for the show during its production.{{sfn|Wright|2017|pp=23–24}} [[Mervyn Pinfield]]—an experienced [[BBC]] figure who acted as the show's associate producer from its origins to January 1965—was originally assigned to direct ''Galaxy 4''. Pinfield had most recently directed ''[[The Space Museum]]'' (1965), but was given a larger budget for ''Galaxy 4''; he was also assigned to direct "Mission to the Unknown", effectively combining the two stories in a single five-week production block.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=24}} Soon after production commenced, Pinfield's failing health prevented him from continuing. Lambert brought on [[Derek Martinus]] to replace Pinfield.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=26}} Martinus had recently completed the BBC's internal directors' course, and had no previous experience leading a television production. Having only seen a few episodes of ''Doctor Who'', Martinus reviewed some of the previous stories with Lambert; he found them disappointing, which shocked Lambert,{{sfn|Walker|1994|page=12}} but stated that he wanted to aim for higher standards.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=26}} Pinfield was still actively directing as Martinus began, and continued to work alongside him throughout the first week.{{sfn|Wright|2017|pp=26–27}} After Pinfield's departure, Martinus prepared his own camera scripts for the studio production.{{sfn|Walker|1994|p=13}} ''Galaxy 4'' was Pinfield's final work for ''Doctor Who'' and the BBC, though he remained uncredited on the broadcast version; he retired from active television production shortly thereafter.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=27}}
=== Casting and characters ===
{{multiple image |total_width=400
|image1=William Hartnell, 1950.jpg |caption1=[[William Hartnell]] |alt1=A black-and-white image of a 42-year-old man smoking a cigarette and looking tot he left of the camera.
|image2=Maureen O'Brien, Big Finish Day 5, 2014.jpg |caption2=[[Maureen O'Brien]] |alt3=A 71-year-old woman with white hair smiling to the right of the camera.
|image3=Peter Purves, Invasion 2010 (cropped).jpg |caption3=[[Peter Purves]] |alt4=A 71-year-old man with white hair and glasses smiling at the camera.
|footer=The main cast were unhappy with the scripts for ''Galaxy 4''; Hartnell and O'Brien felt that they were inconsistent with their characters, and Purves felt that too little had been changed since his role had originally been written for a [[Barbara Wright (Doctor Who)|different character]].{{sfn|Walker|1994|page=15}}}}
The Chumblies were named from the combination of the words "chum" and "friendly".{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=22}} Production designer Richard Hunt created the Chumblies. Four robots were made, each about {{convert|3|ft}} in height and consisting of three stacked domes made of [[fibreglass]]. Various stick-like appendages could be attached to the robot between the base and second dome, and these could be moved by the performer inside. A ring of small domes in the shape of rocket engine nozzles surrounded the base of each robot, hiding the casters on which the costume moved as well as imitating the propulsion units of the mechanoid.{{sfn|Walker|1994|pp=13–14}} The four warthog-like Rill costumes were made of grey-green painted
=== Filming ===
A week of filming took place at [[Ealing Studios]] on 21–25 June 1965, largely focusing on the effects required for the serial, such as the opening of the first episode and conclusion of the fourth. The first day of production was focused on effects and long shots of the Chumblies on the planet.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=25}} Live action shooting began the following day, requiring the Chumbley operators.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=26}} A photocall for the Chumblies and Drahvins took place at Ealing on 24 June;{{sfn|Howe|Walker|Stammers|1994|p=203}} this was also Martinus's first day on the programme, when Hartnell, O'Brien, and Purves were released from rehearsals of the third episode of the preceding serial, ''[[The Time Meddler]]'' (1965), to film [[Insert (filmmaking)|inserts]]. Martinus had planned for long tracking shots in the first episode to indicate the expanse of the set, but the camera crew convinced him to focus primarily on Hartnell, as viewers were mostly interested in his performance. Hartnell also wanted to offer guidance to Martinus, based on his decades of experience in the industry.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=27}} The cast had troubles during the rehearsal process for the serial due to transitions within the production staff: Purves was upset following Spooner's departure as he had develop much of Steven's character, and Hartnell's relationship with Wiles began with difficulties; O'Brien helped Hartnell through his struggles with the production, and Purves began developing a friendship with him, inviting him to dinner every fortnight.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=28}} Weekly recording for the serial began on 9 July 1965 in Studio 4 of the [[Television Centre, London|Television Centre]];{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=29}} the final episode was recorded on 30 July.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=32}} To depict the destruction of the planet in the last episode, an exploding planet prop was filmed and then shown in reverse.{{sfn|Walker|1994|p=14}} The serial's final scene with Jackson as astronaut Garvey was filmed alongside the following story, "Mission to the Unknown", on 6 August 1965, and inserted into ''Galaxy 4'' during editing.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=33}} Recording for the four episodes cost a total of {{GBP|9,950}}.{{efn|The four episodes cost {{GBP|3,100}}, {{GBP|2,094}}, {{GBP|2,293}}, and {{GBP|2,463}}, respectively.{{sfn|Howe|Walker|Stammers|1994|pp=204–206}}}}
== Reception ==
=== Broadcast and ratings ===
{{Episode table
|background =
|series = 6 |title = 20 | aux1=6 | airdate = 10 | viewers = 6 | aux4 =
|seriesT = Episode
|aux1T = Run time
|aux4T =
|episodes =
{{Episode list/sublist|Galaxy 4
Line 101 ⟶ 81:
|Viewers = 9.0
|Aux1 = 22:21
|Aux4 =
|LineColor =
}}
Line 111 ⟶ 91:
|Viewers = 9.5
|Aux1 = 24:51
|Aux4 =
|LineColor =
}}
Line 121 ⟶ 101:
|Viewers = 11.3
|Aux1 = 24:19
|Aux4 =
|LineColor =
}}
Line 131 ⟶ 111:
|Viewers = 9.9
|Aux1 = 24:47
|Aux4 =
|LineColor =
}}
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{{note|a|†}} [[Doctor Who missing episodes|Episode is missing]]
The serial was broadcast on [[BBC1]] in four weekly parts from 11 September to 2 October 1965.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=39}} Viewership was higher than in the previous year, giving a strong start to the new season;{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=36}} it averaged 9.9 million viewers across the four weeks,{{sfn|Walker|1994|p=15}} with the third episode of ''Galaxy 4'' becoming the most-viewed of the show's third season with 11 million viewers, and the last two episodes made the top 20 shows of the week.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=36}} The [[Appreciation Index]] remained consistent throughout the serial, dropping one point each week, from 56 to 53.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=39}}
The videotapes of the serial were [[Wiping|wiped]] in the late 1960s: the first, second, and fourth episodes on 17 August 1967, and the third on 31 January 1969; [[BBC Enterprises]] retained the [[16 mm film]]s until 1977.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=38}} A short extract from the first episode was used in the 1977 documentary ''[[Whose Doctor Who]]'';{{sfn|Wright|2017|pp=38–39}} an extended six-minute version of this sequence was kept by Jan Vincent-Rudzki,<ref name="Finding"/>{{rp|at=14:50}} then-president of the [[Doctor Who Appreciation Society|''Doctor Who'' Appreciation Society]], who assisted with the documentary.<ref name="Finding"/>{{rp|at=12:29}} At the [[Missing Believed Wiped]] event on 11 December 2011, it was announced that the third episode had been discovered earlier that year among materials owned by former television engineer Terry Burnett,{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=39}}<ref name="Guardian Lost"/> who had purchased it at a school fete in the 1980s but not realised its significance until speaking to [[Ralph Douglas-Scott-Montagu, 4th Baron Montagu of Beaulieu|Ralph Montagu]], head of heritage at ''[[Radio Times]]'';<ref name="Radio Times Lost"/><ref name="BBC Lost"/> the final shots and closing credits were missing from the episode,{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=39}} and the tapes featured some visual discrepancies that required cleaning.<ref name="Radio Times Lost"/>
=== Critical response ===
After the broadcast of the second episode, Bill Edmund of ''Television Today'' wrote that the characters were "a little sluggish after their holiday", praising Vicki and Steven's replacement of Ian and Barbara but describing the story as "rather slow".{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=36}} On ''[[Junior Points of View]]'', presenter [[Muriel Young]] reported that some young viewers had called the programme "dreadfully boring" and "absolutely stupid".{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=37}} The BBC Programme Review Board after the third episode noted that television controller [[Huw Wheldon]] was satisfied with the Chumblies. ''[[The Listener (magazine)|The Listener]]'' noted that the end of the third episode—the Drahvins locking Steven in an airlock—was "nightmare food and could raise trouble among feminists as well as psychiatrists";{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=37}} [[Monica Furlong]] of the ''[[Daily Mail]]'' recalled the ending after a similar scene occurs in "The Neptune Affair", a 1965 episode of ''[[The Man from U.N.C.L.E.]]''.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=38}}
Retrospective reviews were positive. In ''[[The Discontinuity Guide]]'' (1995), [[Paul Cornell]], [[Martin Day (writer)|Martin Day]], and [[Keith Topping]] felt that the serial "presents an interesting if flawed twist on the traditional bug-eyed monster tale".{{sfn|Cornell|Day|Topping|1995|pp=44–60}} In ''The Television Companion'' (1998), [[David J. Howe]] and Stephen James Walker described the story as "an unfailingly entertaining one", praising its original ideas and high production value.{{sfn|Howe|Walker|1998|p=104}} In ''A Critical History of Doctor Who'' (1999), [[John Kenneth Muir]] called the serial "intelligent", largely due to its unique philosophy of making the humanoids "monstrous" and the "ugly" characters friendly.{{sfn|Muir|1999|pp=114–115}} In 2012, ''Radio Times'' reviewer Patrick Mulkern thought that the serial was "by no means a classic" but did have "sparks of originality", particularly in Lambert's changes to the Drahvins and Martinus's dramatic camera angles.<ref name="Radio Times Review"/> In 2021, ''[[Starburst (magazine)|Starburst]]''{{'}}s Paul Mount criticised the story's writing and "lifeless performances", though noted that Bidmead "manages to imbue her character with a bit of pseudo-[[Shakespearean]] gravitas".<ref name="Starburst Review"/>
== Commercial releases ==
{{Infobox book
|name = Galaxy Four
|image = Doctor Who Galaxy Four.jpg
|caption =
|author = [[William Emms]]
|cover_artist = [[Andrew Skilleter]]
|series = ''[[Doctor Who]]'' book:<br/>[[List of Doctor Who novelisations|Target novelisations]]
|release_number = 104
|release_date
|publisher = [[Target Books]]
|isbn = 0-491-03691-4
}}
A novelisation of this serial, ''Galaxy Four'' by William Emms, was published in hardback in 1985 by [[W. H. Allen & Co.|W. H. Allen]], and in paperback in 1986 by [[Target Books]] in 1985 in paper. The serial's complete scripts, alongside some behind-the-scenes information, were published in a book by [[Titan Books]] in July 1994, edited by John McElroy. Harlequin Miniatures produced metal models of a Chumbley and Rill in 1998, and a Drahvin in 1999.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=40}}
=== Home media ===
Music and sound effects from the serial were included on ''[[Doctor Who: 30 Years at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop]]'' in July 1993, on ''[[Doctor Who at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop Volume 1: The Early Years 1963–1969]]'' in May 2000, and on ''[[Doctor Who: The 50th Anniversary Collection]]'' in December 2013. The off-air audio recording of the serial was released on a double-[[CD]] pack by [[BBC Worldwide]] in June 2000, narrated by Peter Purves;{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=40}} it was released as a [[vinyl record]] by [[Demon Records]] on 13 April 2019, to coincide with [[Record Store Day]].<ref name="Starburst Vinyl"/> The existing clip from the first episode of ''Galaxy 4'' was featured in the documentary ''The Missing Years'', released on [[VHS]] as part of ''The Ice Warriors Collection'' in November 1998, and on [[DVD]] as part of ''[[Lost in Time (Doctor Who)|Lost in Time]]'' in November 2004. Using off-screen photographs, animation, and audio recordings, an abridged reconstruction of ''Galaxy 4'' was included in the Special Edition DVD release of ''[[The Aztecs (Doctor Who)|The Aztecs]]'' in March 2013, alongside the full recovered third episode.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=40}}
[[BBC Studios]] released an animated version of ''Galaxy 4'' on DVD and [[Blu-ray]] on 15 November 2021. The animation is viewable in either black-and-white or colour, and the release includes documentaries on the serial and its recovery, audio commentaries, and remastered versions of the surviving clip and episode. A limited edition [[SteelBook]] version was also available.<ref name="Bleeding Cool Animation"/><ref name="Radio Times Animation"/> The animation was created by [[Big Finish Creative]],<ref name="BBC Animation"/> led by director and producer Chloe Grech,<ref name="BBC Animation"/> who had previously worked as a line producer on the 2020 animation of ''[[Fury from the Deep]]'' (1968);<ref name="Commentary"/>{{rp|at=0:49}} she had also co-directed the final episode of ''Fury from the Deep'', which led to her being chosen as director for ''Galaxy 4''.<ref name="Commentary"/>{{rp|at=3:59}} The animation was produced during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]],<ref name="Commentary"/>{{rp|at=20:41}} with key production members located around the world: Grech and the post-production team Thaumaturgy in [[Sydney]], executive producers [[Gary Russell]] and Jason Haigh-Ellery in the United Kingdom, executive producer Mark B. Oliver in New York, and the animation team Digitoonz Media & Entertainment in India.<ref name="Commentary"/>{{rp|at=21:31}}<ref name="Leaflet"/>{{rp|p=12}} Grech cited several [[Australian]] inspirations for the reconstruction, such as the [[Outback]] for the orange and red desert, and the [[Waratah]] for the planet's red flowers.<ref name="Commentary"/>{{rp|at=1:37}} The animation team took some creative liberties with the space and setup of some locations to represent the original production team's vision if they had not been encumbered by budget restraints.<ref name="Commentary"/>{{rp|at=8:23}} The bright colours of the Rills' ship was inspired by the similar colours of the [[USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)|USS ''Enterprise'']]'s bridge from ''[[Star Trek: The Original Series]]''<ref name="Commentary"/>{{rp|at=11:13}} The animation was screened at [[BFI Southbank]] on 7 November 2021.<ref name="BBC Animation"/> ''Starburst'' reviewer Paul Mount praised the release's special features, but described the animation as "half-hearted" and noted that it was "likely to be left on the shelf to gather dust".<ref name="Starburst Review"/>
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="Finding">{{cite AV media |year=2021 |title=Finding Galaxy 4 |last=Vanezis |first=Paul |medium=DVD documentary |publisher=[[BBC Studios]] }}</ref>
<!-- Reception -->
<ref name="BBC Lost">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-16136521 |title=Missing Doctor Who episodes discovered |last=Ley |first=Shaun |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=12 December 2011 |accessdate=19 September 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709085310/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-16136521 |archivedate=9 July 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="
<ref name="Radio Times Lost">{{cite web |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2011-12-11/doctor-who-two-long-lost-episodes-uncovered |title=Doctor Who: two long-lost episodes uncovered |last=Mulkern |first=Patrick |work=[[Radio Times]] |publisher=[[Immediate Media Company]] |date=11 December 2011 |accessdate=19 September 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107050824/http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2011-12-11/doctor-who-two-long-lost-episodes-uncovered |archivedate=7 January 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="Radio Times Review">{{cite web |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/doctor-who-guide/galaxy-4/ |title=Galaxy 4 |last=Mulkern |first=Patrick |work=[[Radio Times]] |publisher=[[Immediate Media Company]] |date=27 January 2009 |accessdate=21 September 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514023134/https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/doctor-who-guide/galaxy-4/ |archivedate=14 May 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="Starburst Review">{{cite web |url=https://www.starburstmagazine.com/reviews/doctor-galaxy-4 |title=Doctor Who – Galaxy 4 |last=Mount |first=Paul |work=[[Starburst (magazine)|Starburst]] |publisher=Starburst Magazine Limited |date=20 November 2021 |accessdate=21 September 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120102215/https://www.starburstmagazine.com/reviews/doctor-galaxy-4 |archivedate=20 November 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<!-- Commercial releases -->
<ref name="BBC Animation">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbcstudios.com/news/bbc-studios-announce-doctor-who-galaxy-4-animation-due-for-release-on-15th-november-2021/ |title=BBC Studios announce Doctor Who: Galaxy 4 Animation, due for release on 15th November 2021 |publisher=[[BBC Studios]] |date=16 September 2021 |accessdate=21 September 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916063908/https://www.bbcstudios.com/news/bbc-studios-announce-doctor-who-galaxy-4-animation-due-for-release-on-15th-november-2021/ |archivedate=16 September 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="Bleeding Cool Animation">{{cite web |url=https://bleedingcool.com/tv/doctor-who-missing-story-galaxy-four-gets-animated-this-november/ |title=Doctor Who Missing Story "Galaxy Four" Gets Animated This November |last=Tantimedh |first=Adi |work=[[Bleeding Cool]] |publisher=[[Avatar Press]] |date=16 September 2021 |accessdate=21 September 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916165307/https://bleedingcool.com/tv/doctor-who-missing-story-galaxy-four-gets-animated-this-november/ |archivedate=16 September 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="Commentary">{{cite AV media |last1=Hadoke |first1=Toby |author-link1=Toby Hadoke |last2=Grech |first2=Chloe |date=2021 |title=Doctor Who'': ''Galaxy 4'' — "The Exploding Planet"'' |medium=DVD commentary |publisher=[[BBC Studios]] }}</ref>
<ref name="Leaflet">{{cite AV media |date=2021 |title=Doctor Who'': ''Galaxy 4 |medium=leaflet |publisher=[[BBC Studios]] |id=LEAFLET147 }}</ref>
<ref name="Radio Times Animation">{{cite web |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/doctor-who-william-hartnell-returns-galaxy-4-newsupdate/ |title=First look at Doctor Who's Galaxy 4 animation starring William Hartnell |last=Molina-Whyte |first=Lidia |work=[[Radio Times]] |publisher=[[Immediate Media Company]] |date=15 September 2021 |accessdate=21 September 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915180546/https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/doctor-who-william-hartnell-returns-galaxy-4-newsupdate/ |archivedate=15 September 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="Starburst Vinyl">{{cite web |url=https://www.starburstmagazine.com/demon-announce-new-doctor-lps-record-store-day |title=Demon Announce New DOCTOR WHO LPs for Record Store Day |last=Unsworth |first=Martin |work=[[Starburst (magazine)|Starburst]] |publisher=Starburst Magazine Limited |date=1 March 2019 |accessdate=21 September 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920143324/https://www.starburstmagazine.com/demon-announce-new-doctor-lps-record-store-day |archivedate=20 September 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1=Cornell |first1=Paul |author-link1=Paul Cornell |last2=Day |first2=Martin |author-link2=Martin Day (writer) |last3=Topping |first3=Keith |author-link3=Keith Topping |title=[[The Discontinuity Guide]] |year=1995 |publisher=[[Virgin Books]] |location=London |isbn=0-426-20442-5 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Howe |first1=David J. |author-link1=David J. Howe |last2=Walker |first2=Stephen James |title=Doctor Who: The Television Companion: Volume 1 |edition=2021 |year=1998 |publisher=[[BBC Books]] |location=London |isbn=978-1-845-83156-1 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Howe |first1=David J. |author-link1=David J. Howe |last2=Walker |first2=Stephen James |author-link2=Stephen James Walker |last3=Stammers |first3=Mark |title=The Handbook: The Unofficial and Unauthorised Guide to the Production of 'Doctor Who' |volume=1 |year=1994 |edition=2016 |publisher=[[Telos Publishing]] |location=London |isbn=978-1-845-83941-3 }}
* {{cite book |last=Muir |first=John Kenneth |author-link=John Kenneth Muir |title=A Critical History of Doctor Who on Television |year=1999 |publisher=[[McFarland & Company]] |location=Jefferson, North Carolina |isbn= 978-0-786-40442-1 }}
* {{cite book |last=Walker |first=Stephen James |chapter=Background |pages=9–16 |title=Doctor Who: The Scripts. 'Galaxy 4' |editor-last=McElroy |editor-first=John |year=1994 |publisher=[[Titan Books]] |location=London |isbn=9-781-85286-566-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/doctorwhoscripts0000emms/mode/2up }}
* {{cite journal |editor-last=Wright |editor-first=Mark |year=2017 |title=Galaxy 4, Mission to the Unknown, The Myth Makers and The Daleks' Master Plan |journal=Doctor Who: The Complete History |publisher=[[Panini Comics]], [[Hachette Book Group|Hachette Partworks]] |location=London |volume=6 |issue=47 |issn=2057-6048 }}
{{refend}}
== External links ==
{{Wikiquote|First Doctor}}
*{{BBCCDW | id=galaxyfour | title=Galaxy 4}}
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{{First Doctor stories|selected=Television}}
[[Category:
[[Category:Doctor Who missing episodes]]
[[Category:Doctor Who serials novelised by William Emms]]
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