Donald John Trump (US: /ˈdɒnəld dʒɒn trʌmp/ ; born June 14, 1946) is an American politician, businessman, and former television personality. He is the President-elect of the United States and is scheduled to take office as the 45th President on January 20, 2017.
January 20, 2017 | |
Vice President | Mike Pence (elect) |
Succeeding | Barack Obama |
Occupation | Real estate developer |
Years active | 1971–2017 |
Preceded by | Fred Trump |
Known for | Trump Tower, Mar-a-Lago |
Net worth | US$4.5 billion |
Books | Trump: The Art of the Deal |
Television | The Apprentice |
Website | trump.com |
Born | Donald John Trump June 14, 1946 New York City |
Party |
|
Other parties |
|
Spouse(s) | |
Children |
|
Relations | Trump family |
Residence | Trump Tower, New York City |
Alma mater | University of Pennsylvania (BS) |
Occupation | |
Net worth | $4.5 billion[3] |
Signature | |
Website | greatagain |
@realDonaldTrump |
Born and raised in the Queens borough of New York City, the fourth of five children, Trump received a bachelor's degree in economics from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1968. In 1971, he took charge of his family's real estate and construction firm, Elizabeth Trump & Son, which was later renamed The Trump Organization. During his business career, Trump has built, renovated, and managed numerous office towers, hotels, casinos, and golf courses. He owned the Miss USA and Miss Universe pageants from 1996 to 2015, and has lent the use of his name in the branding of various products. From 2004 to 2015, he hosted The Apprentice, a reality television show on NBC. As of 2016[update], Forbes listed him as the 324th wealthiest person in the world (113th in the United States), with a net worth of $4.5 billion.
Trump sought the Reform Party's presidential nomination in 2000, but withdrew before voting began. He considered running as a Republican for the 2012 election, but ultimately decided against it. In June 2015, he announced his candidacy for the 2016 election, and quickly emerged as the front-runner among 17 contenders in the Republican primaries. His final opponents suspended their campaigns in May 2016, and in July he was formally nominated at the Republican Convention along with Mike Pence as his running mate. His campaign received unprecedented media coverage and international attention. Many of his statements in interviews, on social media, and at campaign rallies were controversial or false.[4][5][6][7][8] Numerous anti-Trump protests occurred during his campaign and after the election.
Trump won the general election on November 8, 2016, in a surprise victory against Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton. At age 70, he will become the oldest and wealthiest person to assume the presidency, the first without prior military or governmental service, and the fourth elected with less than a plurality of the national popular vote.
Trump's platform emphasizes renegotiating U.S.–China relations and free trade agreements such as NAFTA and the Trans-Pacific Partnership, strongly enforcing immigration laws, and building a new wall along the U.S.–Mexico border. His other positions include pursuing energy independence while opposing climate change regulations such as the Clean Power Plan and the Paris Agreement, reforming veterans' affairs, replacing the Affordable Care Act, abolishing Common Core education standards, investing in infrastructure, simplifying the Internal Revenue Code (tax code) while reducing taxes across the board, and imposing tariffs on imports by companies offshoring jobs. He advocates a largely non-interventionist approach to foreign policy while increasing military spending, "extreme vetting" of Muslim immigrants to preempt domestic Islamic terrorism, and aggressive military action against ISIS. His positions have been described by scholars and commentators as populist, protectionist, and nationalist.
Early life
Trump was born on June 14, 1946, in Jamaica, Queens, a neighborhood in New York City. He was the fourth of five children born to Frederick Christ "Fred" Trump (1905–1999) and Mary Anne Trump (née MacLeod, 1912–2000).[9][10] His siblings are Maryanne, Fred Jr., Elizabeth, and Robert. Trump's older brother Fred Jr. died in 1981 from alcoholism, which Trump says led him to abstain from alcohol and cigarettes.[11]
Ancestry
Trump is of paternal German ancestry and maternal Scottish ancestry. His mother and all his grandparents were born in Europe. His paternal grandparents were immigrants from Kallstadt, Germany, and his father, who became a New York City real estate developer, was born in the Bronx.[12][13] His mother emigrated to New York from her birthplace of Tong, Lewis, Scotland.[14] Fred and Mary met in New York and married in 1936, raising their family in Queens.[14][15]
His uncle, John G. Trump, a professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1936 to 1973, was involved in radar research for the Allies in the Second World War, and helped design X-ray machines that prolonged the lives of cancer patients; in 1943, the Federal Bureau of Investigation requested John Trump to examine Nikola Tesla's papers and equipment when Tesla died in his room at the New Yorker Hotel.[16] Donald Trump's grandfather was Frederick Trump who amassed a fortune operating boom-town restaurants and boarding houses in the region of Seattle and Klondike, Canada.[17]
The Trump family were originally Lutherans, but Trump's parents belonged to the Reformed Church in America.[18] The family name, which was formerly spelled Drumpf, was changed to Trump during the Thirty Years' War in the 17th century.[19] Trump has said that he is proud of his German heritage and served as grand marshal of the 1999 German-American Steuben Parade in New York City.[20]
Education
Trump's family had a two-story mock Tudor home on Midland Parkway in Jamaica Estates, where he lived while attending The Kew-Forest School.[21][22] He left the school at age 13 and was enrolled in the New York Military Academy (NYMA),[23] in Cornwall, New York, where he finished eighth grade and high school. Trump was an energetic child; his parents hoped that the discipline at the military school would allow him to channel his energy in a positive manner. In 1983, Fred Trump told an interviewer that Donald "was a pretty rough fellow when he was small".[24]
Trump participated in marching drills, wore a uniform, and during his senior year attained the rank of captain. He was transferred from a student command position after the alleged hazing of a new freshman in his barracks by one of Trump's subordinates; Trump later described the transfer as "a promotion".[25] In 2015, he told a biographer that NYMA gave him "more training militarily than a lot of the guys that go into the military".[26]
Trump attended Fordham University in the Bronx for two years, beginning in August 1964. He then transferred to the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, which offered one of the few real estate studies departments in United States academia at the time.[27][28] While there, he worked at the family's company, Elizabeth Trump & Son, named for his paternal grandmother.[29] He graduated from Penn in May 1968 with a Bachelor of Science degree in economics.[28][30][31]
Trump was not drafted during the Vietnam War.[32] While in college from 1964 to 1968, he obtained four student deferments.[33] In 1966, he was deemed fit for service based upon a military medical examination, and in 1968 was briefly classified as fit by a local draft board, but was given a 1-Y medical deferment in October 1968.[34] In an interview for a 2015 biography, he attributed his medical deferment to heel spurs.[26] In 1969, he received a high number in the draft lottery, which would also have exempted him from service.[34][35][36]
Business career
Real estate
Prior to graduating from college, Trump began his real estate career at his father's company,[37] Elizabeth Trump and Son,[38] which focused on middle-class rental housing in the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island. During his undergraduate study, Donald Trump and his father, Fred Trump, used a $500,000 investment to successfully reopen the foreclosed Swifton Village apartment complex in Cincinnati, Ohio.[39]
After being promoted to president of the company in the early 1970s (while his father became chairman of the board), he renamed it to The Trump Organization.[40][41] In 1973, he and his father drew wider attention when the Justice Department contended that the organization systematically discriminated against African Americans wishing to rent apartments, rather than merely screening out people based on low income as the Trumps stated. An agreement was later signed in which the Trumps made no admission of wrongdoing, and under which qualified minority applicants would be presented by the Urban League.[42][43]
Early Manhattan developments
Trump's first major real estate deal in Manhattan was the remodeling of the Grand Hyatt Hotel in 1978, located next to Grand Central Terminal. The building was remodeled from an older Commodore Hotel, and was largely funded by a $70 million construction loan jointly guaranteed by Fred Trump and the Hyatt hotel chain.[44][45]
In 1978, Trump finished negotiations to develop Trump Tower, a 58-story, 202-meter (663-foot) skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan, for which The New York Times attributed his "persistence" and "skills as a negotiator".[46] The building was completed in 1983, and houses both the primary penthouse condominium residence of Donald Trump and the headquarters of The Trump Organization.[47][48] Trump Tower was the setting of the NBC television show The Apprentice, and includes a fully functional television studio set.[49]
Repairs on the Wollman Rink in Central Park, built in 1955, were started in 1980 by a general contractor unconnected to Trump. Despite an expected 2+1⁄2-year construction schedule, the repairs were not completed by 1986. Trump took over the project, completed it in three months for $750,000 less than the initial budget of $1.95 million, and operated the rink for one year with all profits going to charity in exchange for the rink's concession rights.[50]
Trump acquired the Plaza Hotel in Manhattan in 1988 for $400 million, and tapped his then-wife Ivana to manage its operation and renovation.[51]
Palm Beach estate
Trump acquired the historical Mar-a-Lago estate in Palm Beach, Florida, in 1985 for $5 million, plus $3 million for the home's furnishings. In addition to using the home as a winter retreat, Trump also turned it into a private club with membership fees of $150,000. At about the same time, he acquired a condominium complex in Palm Beach with Lee Iacocca that became Trump Plaza of the Palm Beaches.[52]
Atlantic City casinos
Harrah's at Trump Plaza opened in Atlantic City, New Jersey in 1984. The hotel/casino was built by Trump with financing by Holiday Corp.[53] and operated by the Harrah's gambling unit of Holiday Corp. The casino's poor results exacerbated disagreements between Trump and Holiday Corp.[54] Trump also acquired a partially completed building in Atlantic City from the Hilton Corporation for $320 million. When completed in 1985, the hotel/casino became Trump Castle. Trump's wife, Ivana, managed the property.[55]
Later in 1988, Trump acquired the Taj Mahal casino in Atlantic City in a transaction with Merv Griffin and Resorts International.[56] The casino was opened in April 1990, and was built at a total cost of $1.1 billion, which at the time made it the most expensive casino ever built.[57][58] Financed with $675 million in junk bonds[59] at a 14% interest rate, the project entered Chapter 11 bankruptcy the following year.[60] Banks and bondholders, facing potential losses of hundreds of millions of dollars, opted to restructure the debt.
The Taj Mahal emerged from bankruptcy on October 5, 1991, with Trump ceding 50 percent ownership in the casino to the bondholders in exchange for lowered interest rates and more time to pay off the debt.[61] He also sold his financially challenged Trump Shuttle airline and his 282-foot (86 m) megayacht, the Trump Princess.[59][62][63] The property was repurchased in 1996 and consolidated into Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts, which filed for bankruptcy in 2004 with $1.8 billion in debt, filing again for bankruptcy five years later with $50 million in assets and $500 million in debt. The restructuring ultimately left Trump with 10% ownership in the Trump Taj Mahal and other Trump casino properties.[63] Trump served as chairman of the organization, which was renamed Trump Entertainment Resorts, from mid-1995 until early 2009, and served as CEO from mid-2000 to mid-2005.[64]
During the 1990s, Trump's casino ventures faced competition of the Native-American owned Foxwoods casino in Connecticut. In 1993, Trump made controversial comments in his testimony to a Congressional committee, famously stating that the casino owners did not look like real Indians.[65][66] But despite that well-publicized quote which related to the Mashantucket Pequot Tribe, Trump became a key investor who backed the Paucatuck Eastern Pequots who were seeking state recognition.[67]
Further developments
Trump acquired an old, vacant office building on Wall Street in Manhattan in 1996. After a complete renovation, it became the seventy-story Trump Building at 40 Wall Street.[68] After his father died in 1999, Trump and his siblings received equal portions of his father's estate valued at $250–300 million.[69]
In 2001, Trump completed Trump World Tower, a 72-story residential tower across from the United Nations Headquarters.[70] Trump also began construction on Trump Place, a multi-building development along the Hudson River. He continued to own commercial space in Trump International Hotel and Tower, a 44-story mixed-use (hotel and condominium) tower on Columbus Circle which he acquired in 1996,[71] and also continued to own millions of square feet of other prime Manhattan real estate.[72]
Trump acquired the former Hotel Delmonico in Manhattan in 2002. It was re-opened with 35 stories of luxury condominiums in 2004 as the Trump Park Avenue.[73]
Most recently, The Trump Organization has expanded its footprint beyond the United States, with the co-development and management of hotel towers in Chicago, Honolulu, Las Vegas, New York City, Washington D.C., Panama City, Rio de Janeiro, Toronto, and Vancouver.
Name licensing
Trump has licensed his name and image for the development of a number of real estate projects including two in Florida that have gone into foreclosure.[74] The Turkish owner of Trump Towers Istanbul, who pays Trump for the use of his name, was reported in December 2015 to be exploring legal means to dissociate the property after the candidate's call to temporarily ban Muslims from entering the United States.[75]
Trump also licensed his name to son-in-law Jared Kushner's fifty-story Trump Bay Street, a Jersey City luxury development that has raised $50 million of its $200 million capitalization largely from wealthy Chinese nationals who, after making an initial down payment of $500,000 in concert with the government's expedited EB-5 visa program, can usually obtain United States permanent residency for themselves and their families after two years.[76] Trump is a partner with Kushner Properties only in name licensing and not in the building's financing.[76]
Golf courses
The Trump Organization operates many golf courses and resorts in the United States and around the world. The number of golf courses that Trump owns or manages is about 18, according to Golfweek.[77] Trump's personal financial disclosure with the Federal Elections Commission stated that his golf and resort revenue for the year 2015 was roughly $382 million.[78][79]
In 2006, Trump bought the Menie Estate in Balmedie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, creating a golf resort against the wishes of some local residents[80] on an area designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest.[81][82] A 2011 independent documentary, You've Been Trumped, by British filmmaker Anthony S. Baxter, chronicled the golf resort's construction and the subsequent struggles between the locals and Trump.[83] Despite Trump's promises of 6,000 jobs, in 2016, by his own admission, the golf course has created only 200 jobs.[84] In June 2015, Trump made an appeal objecting to an offshore windfarm being built within sight of the golf course,[85] which was dismissed by five justices at the UK Supreme Court in December 2015.[86]
In April 2014, Trump purchased the Turnberry hotel and golf resort in Ayrshire, Scotland, which is a regular fixture in the Open Championship rota.[87][88] After extensive renovations and a remodeling of the course by golf architect Martin Ebert, Turnberry was re-opened on June 24, 2016.[89]
Bankruptcies
Trump has never filed for personal bankruptcy, but his hotel and casino businesses have been declared bankrupt six times between 1991 and 2009 in order to re-negotiate debt with banks and owners of stock and bonds.[90][91] Because the businesses used Chapter 11 bankruptcy, they were allowed to operate while negotiations proceeded. Trump was quoted by Newsweek in 2011 saying, "I do play with the bankruptcy laws – they're very good for me" as a tool for trimming debt.[92][93]
The six bankruptcies were the result of over-leveraged hotel and casino businesses in Atlantic City and New York: Trump Taj Mahal (1991), Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino (1992), Plaza Hotel (1992), Trump Castle Hotel and Casino (1992), Trump Hotels and Casino Resorts (2004), and Trump Entertainment Resorts (2009).[94][95][96] Trump said, "I've used the laws of this country to pare debt ... We'll have the company. We'll throw it into a chapter. We'll negotiate with the banks. We'll make a fantastic deal. You know, it's like on The Apprentice. It's not personal. It's just business."[60]
An analysis of Trump's business career by The Economist in 2016, concludes that his "... performance [from 1985 to 2016] has been mediocre compared with the stock market and property in New York", noting both his successes and bankruptcies.[97] A subsequent analysis by The Washington Post, whose reporters were denied press credentials by the Trump presidential campaign, concluded that "Trump is a mix of braggadocio, business failures, and real success."[98]
Other ventures
Sports events
In September 1983, Trump purchased the New Jersey Generals, an American Football team playing in the United States Football League (USFL), from oil magnate J. Walter Duncan. The USFL played its first three seasons during the spring and summer, but Trump convinced the majority of the owners of other USFL teams to move the USFL 1986 schedule to the fall, directly opposite the National Football League (NFL), arguing that it would eventually force a merger with the NFL, which would supposedly increase their investment significantly.[99]
After the 1985 season, the Generals merged with the Houston Gamblers, but had continuing financial troubles. The USFL, which was down to just seven active franchises from a high of 18, was soon forced to fold, despite winning an antitrust lawsuit against the NFL.[100]
Trump remained involved with other sports after the Generals folded, operating golf courses in several countries.[100] He also hosted several boxing matches in Atlantic City at the Trump Plaza, including Mike Tyson's 1988 fight against Michael Spinks, and at one time, acted as a financial advisor to Tyson.[100][101][102]
In 1989 and 1990, Trump lent his name to the Tour de Trump cycling stage race, which was an attempt to create an American equivalent of European races such as the Tour de France or the Giro d'Italia. The inaugural race was controversial, and Trump withdrew his sponsorship after the second Tour de Trump in 1990, because his other business ventures were experiencing financial woes. The race continued for several more years as the Tour DuPont.[103][104]
Trump submitted a stalking-horse bid on the Buffalo Bills when it came up for sale following Ralph Wilson's death in 2014; he was ultimately outbid, as he expected, and Kim and Terrence Pegula won the auction.[105] During his 2016 presidential run, he was critical of the NFL's updated concussion rules, complaining on the campaign trail that the game has been made "soft" and "weak", saying a concussion is just "a ding on the head." He accused referees of throwing penalty flags needlessly just to be seen on television "so their wives see them at home."[106]
Beauty pageants
From 1996 until 2015,[107] Trump owned part or all of the Miss Universe, Miss USA, and Miss Teen USA beauty pageants. The Miss Universe pageant was founded in 1952 by the California clothing company Pacific Mills.[108] Trump was dissatisfied with how CBS scheduled his pageants, and took both Miss Universe and Miss USA to NBC in 2002.[109][110]
In 2006, Miss USA winner Tara Conner tested positive for cocaine, but Trump let her keep the crown, for the sake of giving her a second chance.[111] That decision by Trump was criticized by Rosie O'Donnell, which led to a feud in which Trump and O'Donnell exchanged public criticisms.[112] In 2012, Trump won a $5 million arbitration award against a contestant who said the show was rigged.[113]
In 2015, NBC and Univision both ended their business relationships with the Miss Universe Organization after Trump's controversial 2015 presidential campaign remarks about Mexican illegal immigrants.[114][115] Trump subsequently filed a $500 million lawsuit against Univision, alleging a breach of contract and defamation.[116][117]
On September 11, 2015, Trump announced that he had become the sole owner of the Miss Universe Organization by purchasing NBC's stake and that he had "settled" his lawsuits against the network,[118] though it was unclear whether Trump had yet filed lawsuits against NBC.[119] He sold his own interests in the pageant shortly afterwards to WME/IMG.[107] The $500 million lawsuit against Univision was settled in February 2016, but terms of the settlement were not disclosed.[120]
Trump Model Management
In 1999, Trump founded a modeling company, Trump Model Management, which operates in the SoHo neighborhood of Lower Manhattan.[121] Together with another Trump company, Trump Management Group LLC, Trump Model Management has brought nearly 250 foreign fashion models into the United States to work in the fashion industry since 2000.[122] In 2014, president of Trump Model Management Corrine Nicolas, other managers, and the company were sued by one of the agency's former models, Alexia Palmer, alleging racketeering, breach of contract, mail fraud, and violating immigrant wage laws.[123] Palmer alleged that Trump Model Management promised to withhold only 20% of her net pay as agency expenses, but after charging her for "obscure expenses", ended up taking 80%.[124] The case was dismissed from U.S. federal court in March 2016 in part because Palmer was a Jamaican immigrant on a H1-B visa sponsored by Trump, and accordingly was required to file labor complaints through a separate process.[124][125]
Trump University
Trump University LLC was an American for-profit education company that ran a real estate training program from 2005 until at least 2010.[126] After multiple lawsuits, it is now defunct. It was founded by Trump and his associates, Michael Sexton and Jonathan Spitalny, and offered courses, charging between $1,500 and $35,000 per course.[127][128] In 2005 the operation was notified by New York State authorities that its use of the word "university" violated state law, and after a second such notification in 2010, the name of the company was changed to the "Trump Entrepreneurial Institute".[129] Trump was also found personally liable for failing to obtain a business license for the operation.[130]
In 2013 the state of New York filed a $40 million civil suit claiming that Trump University made false claims and defrauded consumers.[129][131] In addition, two class-action civil lawsuits were filed in federal court relating to Trump University; they named Trump personally as well as his companies.[132] During the presidential campaign, Trump repeatedly criticized judge Gonzalo P. Curiel who oversaw those two cases, alleging bias because of his Mexican heritage.[133][134][135] On June 7, 2016, Trump clarified that his concerns about Curiel's impartiality were not based upon ethnicity alone, but also upon rulings in the case.[136][137]
The Low v. Trump case was set for trial in San Diego beginning November 28, 2016.[138] Shortly after Trump won the presidency, the parties agreed to a settlement of all three pending cases. In the settlement, Trump did not admit to any wrongdoing but agreed to pay a total of $25 million.[139][140] The settlement was agreed to just an hour before a hearing regarding Trump's latest request to delay the trial until after the inauguration. Jason Forge, the attorney for the plaintiffs, said he "definitely detected a change of tone and change of approach" from the Trump representatives after the election.[141]
Branding and licensing
Trump has marketed his name on a large number of building projects as well as commercial products and services, achieving mixed success doing so for himself, his partners, and investors in the projects.[142][143][nb 1] In 2011, Forbes' financial experts estimated the value of the Trump brand at $200 million. Trump disputed this valuation, saying his brand was worth about $3 billion.[162]
Many developers pay Trump to market their properties and to be the public face for their projects.[163] For that reason, Trump does not own some buildings that display his name.[163] According to Forbes, this portion of Trump's empire, actually run by his children, is by far his most valuable, having a $562 million valuation, with 33 licensing projects under development including seven Trump International Hotel and Tower "condo hotels".
Income and taxes
Pursuant to the FEC regulations, Trump published a 92-page financial disclosure form listing all his assets, liabilities, income sources and hundreds of business positions.[78] According to a July 2015 campaign press release, Trump's income for the year 2014 was $362 million.[164] However, Trump has repeatedly declined to publicly release any of his full tax returns, citing a pending IRS audit, despite such an audit not prohibiting him from releasing his current or past tax returns.[165][166] In doing so, Trump broke nearly 45 years of precedent of candidates for the general election releasing their tax returns to the American public.[167]
In October 2016, it was revealed that Trump had claimed a loss of $916 million on his 1995 tax returns. As net operating losses from one year can be applied to offset income from future years, this loss allowed him to reduce or eliminate his taxable income during the eighteen-year carry forward period.[168] Trump acknowledged using the deduction but declined to provide details such as the specific years it was applied.[169]
The New York Times found that some accountants considered Trump's tax deduction methods in the early 1990s "legally dubious."[170] Independent tax experts stated that "Whatever loophole existed was not 'exploited' here, but stretched beyond any recognition" and that it involved "sleight of hand", further speculating that Trump's casino bankruptcies were probably related to Trump's 1995 reported loss.[171]
Net worth
Trump was listed on the initial Forbes List of wealthy individuals in 1982 as having an estimated $200 million fortune, including a share of his father's estimated $200 million net worth.[172] He was absent from the list from 1990 to 1995 following losses which reportedly obliged him to borrow from his siblings' trusts in 1993.[172] Trump told campaign audiences he began his career with "a small loan of one million dollars" from his father, which he paid back with interest.[173]
On June 16, 2015, when announcing his candidacy, Trump released a one-page financial summary stating a net worth of $8,737,540,000.[175] "I'm really rich", he said.[176] Forbes believed his suggestion of $9 billion was "a whopper", figuring it was actually $4.1 billion.[177] The summary statement includes $3.3 billion worth of "real estate licensing deals, brand and branded developments", putting a figure on Trump's estimate of his own brand value.[178] The July 2015 FEC disclosure reports assets worth above $1.4 billion and debts above $265 million. According to Bloomberg, Trump "only reported revenue for [his] golf properties in his campaign filings even though the disclosure form asks for income", whereas independent filings showed his European golf properties to be unprofitable.[179]
After Trump made controversial remarks about illegal immigrants in 2015, he lost business contracts with NBCUniversal, Univision, Macy's, Serta, PVH Corporation, and Perfumania, which Forbes estimated negatively impacted his net worth by $125 million.[180] The value of the Trump brand may have fallen further during his presidential campaign, as some consumers boycotted Trump-branded products and services to protest his candidacy.[181] Bookings and foot traffic at Trump-branded properties fell off sharply in 2016,[182][183] and the release of the Access Hollywood tape recordings in October 2016 exacerbated this.[184] After winning the election, however, his subjective brand value rebounded sharply.[185]
In their 2016 annual billionaires' rankings, Forbes estimated Trump's net worth at $4.5 billion (113th in the United States, 324th in the world)[3] and Bloomberg at $3 billion,[179] making him one of the richest politicians in American history. Trump himself stated that his net worth was over $10 billion,[164] with the discrepancy essentially stemming from the uncertain value of appraised property and of his personal brand.[179][186]
Entertainment and media
Trump has twice been nominated for an Emmy Award and has made cameo appearances in 12 films and 14 television series.[187] He has also played an oil tycoon in The Little Rascals. Trump is a member of the Screen Actors Guild and receives an annual pension of more than $110,000.[188][189] He has been the subject of comedians, flash cartoon artists, and online caricature artists. Trump also had his own daily talk radio program called Trumped![190][191][192]
The Apprentice
In 2003, Trump became the executive producer and host of the NBC reality show The Apprentice, in which a group of competitors battled for a high-level management job in one of Trump's commercial enterprises. Contestants were successively "fired" and eliminated from the game. In 2004, Trump filed a trademark application for the catchphrase "You're fired."[1][2][3]
For the first year of the show, Trump earned $50,000 per episode (roughly $700,000 for the first season), but following the show's initial success, he was paid $1 million per episode.[193] In a July 2015 press release, Trump's campaign manager said that NBCUniversal had paid him $213,606,575 for his 14 seasons hosting the show,[164] although the network did not verify the statement.[194] In 2007, Trump received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contribution to television on The Apprentice.[143][195] In October 2016, the star was targeted by vandals.[196]
Along with British TV producer Mark Burnett, Trump was hired as host of The Celebrity Apprentice, in which celebrities compete to win money for their charities. While Trump and Burnett co-produced the show, Trump stayed in the forefront, deciding winners and "firing" losers. International versions of The Apprentice franchise were co-produced by Burnett and Trump.
On February 16, 2015, NBC announced that they would be renewing The Apprentice for a 15th season.[197] On February 27, Trump stated that he was "not ready" to sign on for another season because of the possibility of a presidential run.[198] Despite this, on March 18, NBC announced they were going ahead with production.[199] On June 29, after widespread negative reaction stemming from Trump's campaign announcement speech, NBC released a statement saying, "Due to the recent derogatory statements by Donald Trump regarding immigrants, NBCUniversal is ending its business relationship with Mr. Trump."[200]
Professional wrestling
Trump is a WWE (World Wrestling Entertainment) fan, and a friend of WWE owner Vince McMahon. He has hosted two WrestleMania events in the Trump Plaza and has been an active participant in several of the shows.[201] Trump's Taj Mahal in Atlantic City was host to the 1991 WBF Championship (which was owned by WWE, known at the time as the "World Wrestling Federation"). He also appeared in WrestleMania VII. He was interviewed by Jesse Ventura ringside at WrestleMania XX.[202]
Trump appeared at WrestleMania 23 in a match called "The Battle of the Billionaires."[201] He was in the corner of Bobby Lashley, while Vince McMahon was in the corner of Lashley's opponent Umaga with Stone Cold Steve Austin as the special guest referee.[201] The deal was that either Trump or McMahon would have their head shaved if their competitor lost.[201] Lashley won the match, and so McMahon got the haircut.[201]
On June 15, 2009, as part of a storyline, McMahon announced on Monday Night Raw that he had "sold" the show to Trump.[201] Appearing on screen, Trump declared he would be at the following commercial-free episode in person and would give a full refund to the people who purchased tickets to the arena for that night's show.[201] McMahon "bought back" Raw the following week for twice the price.[201]
Trump was inducted into the celebrity wing of the WWE Hall of Fame in 2013 at Madison Square Garden for his contributions to the promotion. He made his sixth WrestleMania appearance the next night.[203]
Political career
Involvement in politics, 1988–2015
Trump considered the idea of running for president in 1988, 2004, and 2012, and for Governor of New York in 2006 and 2014, but did not enter those races.[206][207]
2000 presidential candidacy
In 1999, Trump filed an exploratory committee to seek the presidential nomination of the Reform Party in 2000.[208][209] A July 1999 poll matching him against likely Republican nominee George W. Bush and likely Democratic nominee Al Gore showed Trump with seven percent support.[210] Trump eventually dropped out of the race due to party infighting, but still won the party's California and Michigan primaries after doing so.[211][212][213][214]
2009–2015
In February 2009, Trump appeared on The Late Show with David Letterman, and spoke about the automotive industry crisis of 2008–10. He said that "instead of asking for money", General Motors "should go into bankruptcy and work that stuff out in a deal".[215]
As Trump publicly speculated about seeking the 2012 Republican presidential nomination, a Wall Street Journal/NBC News poll released in March 2011 found Trump leading among potential contenders, one point ahead of former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney.[216] A Newsweek poll conducted in February 2011 showed Trump within a few points of Barack Obama, with many voters undecided in the November 2012 general election for president of the United States.[217] A poll released in April 2011 by Public Policy Polling showed Trump having a nine-point lead in a potential contest for the Republican nomination for president while he was still actively considering a run.[218][219] His moves were interpreted by some media as possible promotional tools for his reality show The Apprentice.[220][221][222]
Trump played a leading role in longstanding "birther" conspiracy theories.[223][224] Beginning in March 2011, Trump publicly questioned Barack Obama's citizenship and eligibility to serve as President.[225][226][227] Although Obama had released his birth certificate in 2008,[228] Trump said that it was missing[229] and demanded to see it.[225] Trump said that he had sent investigators to Hawaii to research the question, but he did not follow up with any findings.[225] He also repeated a debunked allegation that Obama's grandmother said she had witnessed his birth in Kenya.[230][231] When the White House later released Obama's long-form birth certificate,[228] Trump took credit for obtaining the document, saying "I hope it checks out."[232] His official biography mentions his purported role in forcing Obama's hand,[233] and he has defended his pursuit of the issue when prompted. In 2013 he said, "I don't think I went overboard. Actually, I think it made me very popular."[234] When asked in 2015 whether Obama was born in the United States, Trump said he did not want to discuss it further.[235][236] Earlier, Trump had also called for Obama to release his student records, questioning whether his grades warranted entry into an Ivy League school.[237] In September 2016, Trump publicly acknowledged that Obama was born in the U.S., and claimed that the rumours had been started by Hillary Clinton during her 2008 presidential campaign.[226][238][239]
In February 2011, Trump made his first speaking appearance at the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC). His appearance at CPAC was organized by GOProud, an LGBT conservative organization, in conjunction with GOProud supporter Roger Stone, who was close with Trump. GOProud pushed for a write-in campaign for Trump at CPAC's presidential straw poll. Christopher R. Barron, co-founder of GOProud who would later not only endorse Trump's 2016 presidential campaign, but also launch LGBT for Trump, said he "would love to see Mr. Trump run for president." The 2011 CPAC speech Trump gave is credited for helping kick-start his political career within the Republican Party.[240][241][242]
In the 2012 Republican primaries, Trump generally had polled at or below 17 percent among the crowded field of possible candidates.[243] On May 16, 2011, Trump announced he would not run for president in the 2012 election, while also saying he would have won.[220]
In 2013, Trump was a featured speaker at the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC).[244] During the lightly attended early-morning speech, Trump said that President Obama gets "unprecedented media protection", spoke against illegal immigration, and advised against harming Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security.[245][246]
Also in 2013, he spent over $1 million to research a possible run for president of the United States.[247] In October 2013, New York Republicans circulated a memo suggesting Trump should run for governor of the state in 2014, against Andrew Cuomo; Trump said in response that while New York had problems and taxes were too high, running for governor was not of great interest to him.[248] A February 2014 Quinnipiac poll had shown Trump losing to the popular Cuomo by 37 points in a hypothetical election.[249] He also made statements denying climate change that were discordant with the opinion of the scientific community.[250] In February 2015, Trump said he told NBC that he was not prepared to sign on for another season of The Apprentice at that time, as he mulled his political future.[251]
Political affiliations
Trump's party affiliation has changed over the years. Although his party affiliation prior to 1987 is unclear, Trump was an early supporter of Republican Ronald Reagan for United States President in the late 1970s.[252] By 1987, he identified as a Republican.[253]
In 1999, Trump switched to the Reform Party for three years and ran a presidential exploratory campaign for its nomination. After his run, Trump left the party in 2001 due to the involvement of David Duke, Pat Buchanan, and Lenora Fulani within the party.[208]
From 2001 to 2008 he was a Democrat, but in 2008 he endorsed Republican John McCain for President. In 2009, he officially changed his party registration to Republican.[254] In December 2011, Trump became an independent for five months before returning to the Republican Party, where he has pledged to stay.[255][256]
Trump has made contributions to campaigns of both Republican Party and Democratic Party candidates, with the top ten recipients of his political contributions being six Democrats and four Republicans.[257] After 2011, his campaign contributions were more favorable to Republicans than to Democrats.[258] In February 2012, Trump endorsed Republican Mitt Romney for President.[259] When asked in 2015 which recent President he prefers, Trump picked Democrat Bill Clinton over the Republican Bushes.[260][261]
According to a New York state report, Trump circumvented corporate and personal campaign donation limits in the 1980s—although no laws were broken—by donating money to candidates from 18 different business subsidiaries, rather than donating primarily in his own name.[262][263] Trump told investigators he did so on the advice of his lawyers. He also said the contributions were not to curry favor with business-friendly candidates, but simply to satisfy requests from friends.[262][264]
Presidential campaign, 2016
On June 16, 2015, Trump announced his candidacy for President of the United States at Trump Tower in New York City. In the speech, Trump drew attention to domestic issues such as illegal immigration, offshoring of American jobs, the U.S. national debt, and Islamic terrorism, which all remained large themes during the campaign. He also announced his campaign slogan, "Make America Great Again."[265]
In his campaign, Trump said that he disdained political correctness, stated that the media has intentionally misinterpreted his words, and made other claims of adverse media bias.[266][267][268] In part due to his fame, Trump's run for president received an unprecedented amount of unpaid coverage from the media that elevated his standing in the Republican primaries.[269]
Republican leaders such as House Speaker Paul Ryan were hesitant to support him early on. They doubted his chances of winning the general election and feared he could harm the image of the Republican Party.[270][271]
The alt-right movement coalesced around Trump's candidacy,[272] due in part to its opposition to multiculturalism and immigration.[273][274] Trump was accused of pandering to white nationalists.[275] In August he appointed as his campaign CEO Steve Bannon, the executive chairman of Breitbart News, described by Bannon as "the platform for the alt-right".[276]
Some rallies during the primary season were accompanied by protests or violence, including attacks on protesters inside the rallies, and clashes between protesters and Trump supporters outside the venues.[277][278][279]
Fact checking organizations have denounced Trump for making a record number of false statements compared to other candidates.[4][5][280] At least four major publications – Politico, The Washington Post, The New York Times, and the Los Angeles Times – pointed out lies or falsehoods in his campaign statements.[281] Trump's penchant for exaggerating may have roots in the world of New York real estate where he made his fortune, and where hyperbole is a way of life; Trump calls it "truthful hyperbole".[282][283] Lucas Graves, an assistant professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison School of Journalism & Mass Communication,[284] says that Trump often speaks in a suggestive way that makes it unclear what exactly he meant, so that fact-checkers "have to be really careful when you pick claims to check to pick things ... that reflect what the speaker was clearly trying to communicate".[285] Other sources, such as NPR, also observed that Trump's statements during the campaign were often opaque or suggestive.[286]
Primaries
Trump entered a large field of candidates against 16 other Republicans campaigning for the nomination, the largest presidential field in American history.[287] Trump participated in eleven of the twelve Republican debates, skipping only the seventh debate on January 28 (that was the last debate before primary voting began on February 1). The debates received historically high viewership, increasing the visibility of Trump's campaign.[288]
By early 2016, the race had mostly centered on Trump and U.S. Senator Ted Cruz.[289] On Super Tuesday, Trump won the plurality of the vote and remained the front-runner throughout the primaries. By March 2016, Trump became poised to win the Republican nomination.[290] After a landslide win in Indiana on May 3, 2016, which prompted the remaining candidates Ted Cruz and John Kasich to suspend their presidential campaigns, RNC Chairman Reince Priebus declared Trump the presumptive Republican nominee.[291] With nearly 14 million votes, Trump broke the all-time record for winning the most primary votes in the history of the Republican Party. He also set the record for the largest number of votes against the front runner.[292]
General election campaign
After becoming the presumptive Republican nominee, Trump's focus shifted to the general election, urging remaining primary voters to "save [their] vote for the general election."[293] Trump began targeting Hillary Clinton, who became the presumptive Democratic nominee on June 6, 2016, and continued to campaign across the country. One month before the Republican National Convention, Secret Service agents thwarted an assassination attempt on Trump by a 20-year-old British man illegally residing in the U.S. during one of his rallies in Las Vegas.[294]
Clinton had established a significant lead in national polls over Trump throughout most of 2016. In early July, Clinton's lead narrowed in national polling averages following the FBI's conclusion of its investigation into her ongoing email controversy.[295][296][297] FBI Director James Comey concluded Clinton had been "extremely careless" in her handling of classified government material.[298]
One study argues that it was in fact Trump's grandiosity that attracted voters. A test was carried out by blind raters in which Trump scored highest on grandiosity ratings, use of first person pronouns, greater pitch dynamics and informal communication.[299]
After Trump won the Republican presidential nomination, historians Fredrik Logevall and Kenneth Osgood noted that, "Hardly a day passes without some columnist comparing Donald J. Trump to Huey Long, Father Coughlin or George Wallace."[300]
On July 15, 2016, Trump announced Indiana Governor Mike Pence as his running mate.[301] Trump and Pence were officially nominated by the Republican Party on July 19, 2016, at the Republican National Convention.[302] The list of convention speakers and attendees included former presidential nominee Bob Dole but the other prior nominees did not attend, though John McCain endorsed Trump prior to the convention.[303][304]
Two days later, Trump officially accepted the nomination in a 76-minute speech inspired by Richard Nixon's 1968 acceptance speech.[305] The historically long speech was watched by nearly 35 million people and received mixed reviews, with net negative viewer reactions according to CNN and Gallup polls.[306][307][308]
In late July, Trump came close to Clinton in national polls following a 3 to 4 percentage point convention bounce, in line with the average bounce in conventions since 2004, although it was toward the small side by historical standards.[309] Following Clinton's 7 percent convention bounce, she extended her lead significantly in national polls at the start of August.[310][311]
Trump has declined to publicly release any of his full tax returns,[312] which led to speculation about whether he was hiding something.[313] Trump said that his tax returns are being audited and his lawyers advise against release.[314][315] High-income individuals are audited more frequently than the average taxpayer, but it is unusual for an individual to be audited for several consecutive years.[315] Trump has told the news media that his tax rate was "none of your business", but added, "I fight very hard to pay as little tax as possible".[316][317] Every candidate since Gerald Ford in 1976 released their taxes before the election.[318] Although no law prohibits release of tax returns during an audit, tax attorneys differ about whether such a release is wise legal strategy.[319][320]
Presidential debates
On September 26, 2016, Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton faced off in the first presidential debate at Hofstra University in Hempstead, New York. Lester Holt, an anchor with NBC News, was the moderator.[323] This was the most watched presidential debate in United States history.[324] The second presidential debate was held at Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri. The beginning narrative of that debate was dominated by a leaked tape of Trump making lewd comments (see below), and counter-accusations by Trump of sexual misconduct by Bill Clinton. Trump had invited four women who had accused Clinton of impropriety to a press conference prior to the debate. The final presidential debate was held at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas on October 19. Trump's refusal to say whether he would accept the result of the election drew particular press attention.[325][326]
Sexual misconduct allegations
Two days before the second presidential debate, a 2005 recording surfaced, made on a studio bus while preparing to film an episode of Access Hollywood. On the tape, Trump is heard bragging about forcibly kissing and groping women with the show's then-cohost Billy Bush.[327][328][329] "I just start kissing them", he says, "I don't even wait. And when you're a star, they let you do it, you can do anything ... grab them by the pussy."[330] He also speaks of his efforts to seduce a married woman, saying he "moved on her very heavily."[330] These statements were recorded several months after Trump married his third wife, Melania, who was also pregnant at the time.[330][331]
Trump's language was described by the media as "vulgar", "sexist", and descriptive of sexual assault. The incident prompted him to make his first public apology during the campaign,[332][333] and caused outrage across the political spectrum,[334][335] with many Republicans withdrawing their endorsements of his candidacy and some urging him to quit the race.[336] Subsequently, at least 15 women[337] came forward with new accusations of sexual misconduct, including unwanted kissing and groping, resulting in widespread media coverage.[338][339]
Trump and his campaign have denied all of these accusations.[340][341] He has called them "false smears" and alleged a conspiracy against him.[342] In his two public statements in response to the controversy, Trump responded by alleging that Bill Clinton, former President of the United States and husband of Trump's Democratic rival Hillary Clinton, had "abused women" and that Hillary had bullied her husband's victims.[343] Trump's statement was criticized severely by the media and members of the public as insincere, and an attempt to divert attention away from Trump's comments and onto unsubstantiated accusations against his political opponents.[344]
Russian involvement
On January 8, 2017, The Los Angeles Times reported that the U.S. intelligence report does not say whether the Russian hacking helped elect Donald Trump. The report concludes that while Russian president Vladimir Putin sought to help Donald Trump, it does not conclude that Russia's hacking made a difference in the election.[345] On December 9, 2016, senior Obama administration officials indicated that Russia provided Wikileaks with thousands of hacked emails from the Democratic National Committee (DNC) and Hillary Clinton's campaign chairman John Podesta with the goal of influencing the outcome of the election.[346] The FBI later affirmed this assessment.[347][348]
Trump's transition team dismissed the allegations with a statement which said: "These are the same people that said Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction."[348] Wikileaks denied any involvement of Russian authorities.[346] On December 15, White House Press Secretary Josh Earnest said that Trump knew that Russia was interfering in order to help him, as the presidential campaign was ongoing.[349] On January 3, 2017, Fox News reported that Trump was planning to restructure the intelligence community.[350]
Election to the presidency
On November 8, 2016, Trump won the presidency with 306 electoral votes to Clinton's 232 votes. Trump received a smaller share of the popular vote than Clinton, and he is the fifth person to become president without winning the popular vote.[351][352] The final popular vote difference between Clinton and Trump is that Clinton is ahead by 2.86 million or 2.1 percentage points, 48.04% to 45.95%, with neither candidate reaching a majority.[353][354] The last time the Electoral College winner lost the nationwide popular vote by over two percentage points was the election of 1876.[355]
Trump will be the first president without prior governmental or military experience.[356][357][358] Of the 44 previous presidents, 39 had held prior elective office; 2 had not held elective office but had served in the Cabinet; and 3 had never held public office but had been commanding generals.[358] Trump lost his home state of New York, becoming only the fourth candidate to win the presidency without his home state. The others were James Polk (Tennessee) in 1844, Woodrow Wilson (New Jersey) in 1916, and Richard Nixon (New York) in 1968.[359]
Trump's victory was considered a big political upset, as nearly all national polls at the time showed Hillary Clinton with a modest lead over Trump, and state polls showed her with a modest lead to win the Electoral College.[360] The errors in some state polls were later partially attributed to pollsters overestimating Clinton's support among well-educated and nonwhite voters, while underestimating Trump's support among white working-class voters.[361] Trump's victory marked the first time that Republicans would control the White House and both chambers of Congress since the period from 2003 to 2007.[362]
In the early hours of November 9, 2016, Trump received a phone call in which Clinton conceded the presidency to him. Trump then delivered his victory speech before hundreds of supporters in the Hilton Hotel in New York City. The speech was in stark contrast with some of his previous rhetoric, with Trump promising to heal the division caused by the election, thanking Clinton for her service to the country, and promising to be a president to all Americans.[363][364]
Protests
Trump's victory sparked protests across the United States. Democrats, in alignment with other Trump opponents, took to the streets to amplify their opposition to Trump's views and denounce his inflammatory statements. They argued that Clinton's popular vote victory meant Trump was not actually the democratically-elected president and should be considered illegitimate.[365] Trump initially said on Twitter that the protests consisted of "professional protesters, incited by the media", and were "unfair", but he later stated that he loves their passion for the country.[366][367] In contrast, after Obama's re-election in 2012, Trump had tweeted "We can't let this happen. We should march on Washington and stop this travesty. Our nation is totally divided!"[368]
Presidential transition
On November 10, President-elect Trump had his first meeting with President Obama to discuss plans for a peaceful transition of power. The New York Times stated that "It was an extraordinary show of cordiality and respect between two men who have been political enemies and are stylistic opposites."[369] The BBC stated that "their antipathy was barely concealed" in "awkward photos" of the meeting.[370]
Trump's transition team was led by Chris Christie until November 11, 2016, when Vice President-elect Mike Pence took over.[371] Since then, Trump has chosen RNC chairman Reince Priebus as White House Chief of Staff[372] and businessman and media executive Steve Bannon as Counselor to the President.[373] He has nominated Senator Jeff Sessions as Attorney General,[374] Lieutenant General Michael Flynn as National Security Advisor,[375] education reform activist Betsy DeVos as Secretary of Education,[376] Governor Nikki Haley as Ambassador to the United Nations,[377] former Secretary of Labor Elaine Chao as Secretary of Transportation,[378] U.S. Representative Tom Price as Secretary of Health and Human Services,[379] former campaign rival Ben Carson as Secretary of Housing and Urban Development,[380] financier Steve Mnuchin as Secretary of the Treasury,[381] billionaire investor Wilbur Ross as Secretary of Commerce,[382] Marine Corps General James Mattis as Secretary of Defense,[383] Marine Corps General John F. Kelly as Secretary of Homeland Security,[384] businessman Andrew Puzder as Secretary of Labor,[385] CEO of ExxonMobil Rex Tillerson as Secretary of State,[386] former Governor Rick Perry as Secretary of Energy,[387] and U.S. Representative Ryan Zinke as Secretary of the Interior.[388]
On November 22, in a video posted at YouTube, Trump outlined his plan for his first 100 days in office. The plan included the withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership and asking the Department of Defense to develop a plan to protect the United States from cyber-attack.[389][390]
On December 7, Time named Trump as its "Person of the Year".[391] In an interview on The Today Show, he said he was honored by the award, but he took issue with the magazine for referring to him as the "President of the Divided States of America".[392][393] On December 13 he was named Financial Times Person of the Year.[394]
In December 2016, Forbes ranked Trump the second most powerful person in the world, after Vladimir Putin and before Angela Merkel.[395]
Political positions
Media have described Trump's political positions as "populist",[396][397] and some of his views cross party lines. For example, his economic campaign plan calls for large reductions in income taxes and deregulation,[398] consistent with conservative (Republican Party) policies, along with significant infrastructure investment,[399] usually considered a liberal (Democratic Party) policy.
According to political writer Jack Shafer, Trump may be a "fairly conventional American populist when it comes to his policy views", but he has a revolutionary ability to attract free media attention, sometimes by making outrageous comments.[400][401]
Trump has supported varying political leanings and positions over time.[402][403][404] Politico has described his positions as "eclectic, improvisational and often contradictory",[404] while NBC News counted "141 distinct shifts on 23 major issues" during his campaign.[405] He has listed several different party affiliations over the years[406] and has also run as a Reform Party candidate.[406]
Economy and trade
Trump's campaign tax plan called for levelling the corporate tax rate to 15%, eliminating various business loopholes and deductions,[398] and reducing the number of brackets for personal income tax: the top rate would be reduced from 39.6% to 25%, a large "zero bracket" would be created, and the alternative minimum tax and estate tax (which currently applies to individual estates over $5.45 million or $10.9 million per married couple) would both be eliminated.[407] His comments about the minimum wage have been inconsistent.[408][409][410]
Many economists have been critical of Trump's economic policies,[411][412][413] with several reports assessing that his campaign plan would increase tax rates for families earning between $20,000 to $200,000 a year,[414][415] cause long-term job losses and recession,[416][417][418] and significantly increase the federal debt.[419]
Trump identifies as a "free trader", but says that trade must be "reasonably fair".[420] He has often been called a "protectionist",[421][422][423] because of his criticism of NAFTA,[424][425] the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP),[426] and his proposal to raise tariffs on Chinese and Mexican exports to the United States significantly.[427][428] He has also been critical of the World Trade Organization, threatening to leave unless his proposed tariffs are accepted.[429][430]
Energy and climate
Trump's energy policy advocates domestic industrial support for both fossil and renewable energy sources in order to curb reliance on Middle-Eastern oil and possibly turn the U.S. into a net energy exporter.[431] His appointed advisers favor a less regulated energy market and, because they do not consider climate change a threat, see no need for immediate action.[432]
Trump does not accept the scientific consensus on climate change.[433][434] In 2012 he said that global warming was a hoax invented by the Chinese, but later said that he was joking.[435][436] He has called the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) a "disgrace" and has threatened to cut its budget.[437] Bob Walker, a senior campaign adviser, has announced plans to eliminate funding for the NASA Earth Science program.[438] Trump has pledged to eliminate the Clean Power Plan[439] and withdraw from the Paris Climate Agreement, which calls for reductions in carbon emissions in more than 170 countries.[440]
However, after winning the presidency, Trump admitted "some connectivity" between human activity and climate variability and said he has an "open mind" towards the Paris agreement.[441] On December 5, 2016, Donald and Ivanka Trump invited prominent climate change activist Al Gore to a private meeting.[442]
Foreign policy
Trump has been described as non-interventionist[443][444] and nationalist.[445] Trump has repeatedly stated that he supports "America First" foreign policy, though he is not linked to the historical isolationist America First Party (1944) or the defunct paleoconservative America First Party (2002).[446] He supports increasing United States military defense spending,[445] but favors decreasing United States spending on NATO and in the Pacific region.[447] He says America should look inward, stop "nation building", and re-orient its resources toward domestic needs.[444] He questions whether he, as president, would automatically extend security guarantees to NATO members,[448] and suggests that he might leave NATO unless changes are made to the alliance.[449] Trump has called for Japan to pay for the costs of American troops stationed there and that it might need to develop nuclear weapons in order to protect itself from North Korea.[426][450]
In order to confront ISIS, Trump in 2015 called for seizing the oil in ISIS occupied areas, using U.S. air power and ground troops.[451] In 2016, Trump advocated sending 20,000 to 30,000 U.S. troops to the region,[402][452][453] a position he retracted.[454] Also in 2016, when asked how he would handle ISIS using human shields, Trump responded with "you have to take out their families".[455] He has since argued that regional allies of the U.S., such as Saudi Arabia should provide troops in the fight.[405] He also believes that oil fields in ISIS-controlled areas should be bombed.[405] He supports the use of waterboarding, a form of torture, and has said he would "bring back a hell of a lot worse".[456][457] Trump has also said he will dismantle the international nuclear agreement with Iran as president.[458] Regarding the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, Trump has stated the importance of being a neutral party during potential negotiations, while also having stated that he is "a big fan of Israel."[459] He supports Israeli settlement construction in the West Bank.[460]
During his 2016 Presidential campaign, Trump repeatedly said that he opposed the Iraq War even before it was launched, although his public position had been unclear at the time.[461][462] In 2002, when asked whether he supported invading Iraq, Trump responded, "Yeah, I guess so" and added "I wish the first time it was done correctly" in reference to the Gulf War of 1990–1991.[461][463] Shortly before the 2003 invasion, he said: "Well, [Bush's] either got to do something—or not do something, perhaps. […] And perhaps we should be waiting for the United Nations."[464][465] Trump publicly referred to the war as a "mess" within a week after it began, and by 2004 he said he was opposed to it.[463] Since 2004, he has repeatedly criticized the war, especially during the primary debates with Jeb Bush.[466][467]
Trump has at times during his presidential campaign stated that the Afghanistan War was a mistake, and at other times stated that it was necessary.[468] He supports keeping a limited number of United States troops there.[468] Trump was a supporter of the 2011 military intervention in Libya at the time, stating in February 2011 "We should go in, we should stop [Gaddafi], which would be very easy and very quick, we could do it surgically."[469][470] He has since then reversed his position, stating in February 2016 that "We would be so much better off if Gaddafi would be in charge right now."[471]
Trump would consider recognizing Crimea as Russian territory and lifting sanctions on Russia.[472][473] He added that Russia could help the U.S. in fighting ISIS militants.[474] In the same interview, Trump sarcastically[475] stated that he hoped Russia would unearth Hillary Clinton's missing emails from her time as Secretary of State.[476]
Immigration
Trump's immigration policies were intensely discussed during the campaign. Some of his proposals came under scrutiny by several experts on immigration who question the effectiveness and affordability of his plans.[477][478] Trump vows to build a more substantial wall on the Mexico–United States border to keep out illegal immigrants, a wall which Trump promises Mexico will pay for.[479][480][481][482] He pledged to massively deport illegal immigrants residing in the United States,[483] and criticized birthright citizenship as it creates "anchor babies".[484]
Following the November 2015 Paris attacks, Trump made a controversial proposal to completely ban foreign Muslims from entering the United States until proper filtering could be implemented.[485][486][487] He changed his position in 2016 by stating that the temporary ban would apply only to people originating from countries with a "proven history of terrorism against the United States or its allies", or countries "compromised by terrorism".[488][489][490] Trump characterized this as an expansion, not rollback, of his original proposal.[491]
In August 2016, Trump hinted he might soften his position calling for the deportation of all undocumented immigrants.[492][493] On August 31, 2016, he visited Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto, saying he wanted to build relations with the country.[494] However, in a major speech later that night, Trump laid out a 10-point plan reaffirming his hardline positions, including building a wall along the Mexican border to be paid for by Mexico, potentially deporting "anyone who has entered the United States illegally", denying legal status to such people unless they leave the country and apply for re-entry, and creating a deportation task force.[495] He said the focus of the task force would be criminals, those who have overstayed their visas, and other "security threats".[496]
Social issues
Trump describes himself as pro-life and generally opposes abortion with some exceptions: rape, incest, and circumstances endangering the health of the mother,[497] and said he is committed to appointing justices who would try to overturn the ruling in Roe v. Wade.[498] He personally supports "traditional marriage"[435] but considers the nationwide legality of same-sex marriage a "settled" issue.[498]
Trump supports a broad interpretation of the Second Amendment and says he is opposed to gun control in general,[499][500] although his views have shifted over time.[501] Trump opposes legalizing recreational marijuana but supports legalizing medical marijuana.[502] He favors capital punishment,[503][504] as well as the use of waterboarding, which is a form of torture.[456][457]
Health care
Trump has repeatedly vowed to repeal the Affordable Care Act ("Obamacare") and replace it with a more competitive free-market plan that would allow health insurance to be sold across state lines, enable individuals to deduct health insurance premiums, expand health savings accounts, and give more control of Medicaid to the states.[505] He has voiced support for a single-payer healthcare system in the past, but distanced himself from the idea during his 2016 campaign.[506]
Trump aims to streamline the Veterans Affairs administration, getting rid of backlogs and waitlists, and upgrading relevant facilities.[507]
Education
Trump has stated his support for school choice and local control for primary and secondary schools.[508] He opposes the Common Core State Standards Initiative for primary and secondary schools,[509] and has called Common Core "a disaster" that must be ended.[510] He has stated he would abolish all or part of the Department of Education.[511]
Personal life
Family
Trump has five children by three marriages, and has eight grandchildren.[512][513] His first two marriages ended in divorces that were publicized in the tabloid media.[514]
Trump married his first wife, Czech model Ivana Zelníčková, on April 7, 1977, at the Marble Collegiate Church in Manhattan[515] in a ceremony performed by one of America's most famous ministers, the Reverend Norman Vincent Peale.[516] They had three children: son Donald Jr. (born December 31, 1977), daughter Ivanka (born October 30, 1981), and son Eric (born January 6, 1984). Donald Jr., Ivanka, and Eric now serve as executive vice presidents of The Trump Organization.[517] Ivana became a naturalized United States citizen in 1988.[518]
Trump has been nicknamed "The Donald" since Ivana referred to him as such in a 1989 Spy magazine cover story.[519][520] By early 1990, Trump's troubled marriage to Ivana and affair with actress Marla Maples had been reported in the tabloid press.[521][522][523] Ivana Trump was granted an uncontested divorce in 1990, on the grounds that Trump's treatment of her, such as his affair with Maples, had been "cruel and inhuman".[524][525] In 1992, he successfully sued Ivana for violating a gag clause in their divorce agreement by disclosing facts about him in her book.[526][527][528] In 2015, Ivana said that she and Donald "are the best of friends".[529]
Maples gave birth to their daughter Tiffany, named after Tiffany & Company (Trump's purchase of the air rights above the store in the 1980s allowed him to build Trump Tower on Fifth Avenue), on October 13, 1993.[530] They married two months later on December 20, 1993.[531] The couple formally separated in May 1997,[532] with their divorce finalized in June 1999.[533][534] Tiffany was raised by her mother in Calabasas, California, where she lived until her graduation from Viewpoint School.[535]
In 1998, Trump began a relationship with Slovene model Melania Knauss, who became his third wife.[536][537] They were engaged in April 2004[538] and were married on January 22, 2005, at Bethesda-by-the-Sea Episcopal Church, on the island of Palm Beach, Florida, followed by a reception at Trump's Mar-a-Lago estate.[539][540][541] In 2006, Melania became a naturalized United States citizen.[537] On March 20, 2006, she gave birth to their son, whom they named Barron Trump.[542][543] Having heard the language since his birth, Barron is fluent in Slovene.[544] In a February 2009 interview on ABC's news program Nightline, Trump commented that his love for his business had made it difficult for his first two wives to compete with his affection for work.[545]
Trump's brother, Fred Jr., predeceased their father Fred. Shortly after the latter died in 1999, the wife of Fred Jr.'s son gave birth to a son with serious medical problems. Trump and his family offered to pay the medical bills through Fred Sr.'s company (Fred Sr. freely provided medical coverage to his family through his company for decades).[546] Fred III then sued the family for allegedly having used "undue influence" on a dementia-stricken Fred Sr. to get Fred III and his sister Mary a reduced share from their grandfather's will, but Trump attributed the reduced share to his father's dislike of Fred III's mother, and Trump stopped the aid for Fred III's son. The aid was resumed by court order pending outcome of the lawsuit, which was then settled.[547][548]
Religious views
Trump is a Presbyterian.[549] He has said that he began going to church at the First Presbyterian Church in the Jamaica neighborhood in Queens as a child.[550] Trump attended Sunday school and had his confirmation at that church.[550] In an April 2011 interview on The 700 Club, he commented: "I'm a Protestant, I'm a Presbyterian. And you know I've had a good relationship with the church over the years. I think religion is a wonderful thing. I think my religion is a wonderful religion."[551][552] Trump told a 2015 South Carolina campaign audience he attends Marble Collegiate Church, where he married his first wife Ivana in 1977. Marble has said that, though Trump has a longstanding history with the church, he is not an active member of Marble.[550][nb 2] Trump is also loosely affiliated with Lakeside Presbyterian Church in West Palm Beach, Florida, which is nearby his Palm Beach estate.[553] Trump has said that although he participates in Holy Communion, he has not asked God for forgiveness for his sins. He stated, "I think if I do something wrong, I think, I just try and make it right. I don't bring God into that picture."[554]
Trump calls his own book The Art of the Deal (1987) "my second favorite book of all time", and has told campaign audiences: "Do you know what my first is? The Bible! Nothing beats the Bible."[555][556] Declining to name his favorite Bible verse, Trump said "I don't like giving that out to people that you hardly know."[550] His religious knowledge was questioned after a speech he gave to Liberty University, in which he referred to Second Corinthians as "Two Corinthians", eliciting chuckles from some in the audience.[557]
Trump maintains relationships with several prominent national Evangelical Protestant and other Christian leaders, including Tony Perkins and Ralph E. Reed Jr.[558] At an Algemeiner Journal awards ceremony honoring him with the Algemeiner Liberty Award, he was asked about having Jewish grandchildren. In reference to daughter Ivanka, who converted to Judaism before her marriage to Jared Kushner, Trump said: "Not only do I have Jewish grandchildren, I have a Jewish daughter; and I am very honored by that ... it wasn't in the plan but I am very glad it happened."[559]
Controversy involving the Pope
In February 2016, while on his way home following a visit to Mexico, Pope Francis said the following when asked about Trump:
A person who thinks only about building walls—wherever they may be—and not building bridges, is not Christian ... I'd just say that this man [Trump] is not Christian if he said it this way ... We must see if he said things in that way and in this I give the benefit of the doubt.[560]
Trump responded that it was "disgraceful" for the Pope to question his faith, suggesting that the Mexican government was "using the Pope as a pawn" for political purposes, "because they want to continue to rip off the United States."[561][562] Trump added that "if and when" Islamic State attacks the Vatican, the Pope would have "wished and prayed" Trump were President because under his leadership such an attack would not happen.[562]
The following day, Director of the Holy See Press Office Federico Lombardi insisted that the Pope was not launching an attack on Trump nor trying to sway voters by declaring that someone who advocates building walls is not Christian.[563][564] After the clarification by Lombardi, Trump downplayed his differences with the Pope, saying "I don't think this is a fight."[565]
Health
A medical report by his doctor, Harold Bornstein M.D., showed that Trump's blood pressure, liver and thyroid function were in normal range.[566][567] Trump says that he has never smoked cigarettes or marijuana, or consumed other drugs.[568] He does not drink alcohol.[569][570][571] His BMI, according to his recent visit on Doctor Oz, is just under 30, which is "high".[572][573][574]
Foundation
The Donald J. Trump Foundation is a U.S.-based private foundation[575] established in 1988 for the initial purpose of giving away proceeds from the book Trump: The Art of the Deal by Trump and Tony Schwartz.[576][577] The foundation's funds have mostly come from donors other than Trump,[578] who has not given personally to the charity since 2008.[578] In 2016, investigations by The Washington Post uncovered several potential legal and ethical violations conducted by the charity, including alleged self-dealing and possible tax evasion.[579] After beginning an investigation into the foundation, the New York State Attorney General's office notified the Trump Foundation that it was allegedly in violation of New York laws regarding charities, and ordered it to immediately cease its fundraising activities in New York.[580][581][582] A Trump spokesman called the investigation a "partisan hit job".[580]
The foundation's tax returns show that it has given to health care and sports-related charities, as well as conservative groups.[583] In 2009, for example, the foundation gave $926,750 to about 40 groups, with the biggest donations going to the Arnold Palmer Medical Center Foundation ($100,000), the New York–Presbyterian Hospital ($125,000), the Police Athletic League ($156,000), and the Clinton Foundation ($100,000).[584][585] From 2004 to 2014, the top donors to the foundation were Vince and Linda McMahon of WWE, who donated $5 million to the foundation after Trump appeared at WrestleMania in 2007.[578] After winning the presidency, Trump announced his intention to give Linda McMahon a cabinet-level position in his administration, as Administrator of the Small Business Administration.[586]
Legal matters
An analysis by USA Today, published in June 2016, found that over the previous three decades, Trump and his businesses had been involved in 3,500 legal cases in U.S. federal courts and state courts, an unprecedented number for a U.S. presidential candidate.[587] Of the 3,500 suits, mostly in the casino industry, Trump or one of his companies was the plaintiff in 1,900; defendant in 1,450; and third party, filer of bankruptcy, or other in 150.[587] Trump was named in at least 169 suits in federal court.[588] Although litigation over contract disputes and other matters is common in the real estate industry,[589] USA Today found that Trump had been involved in more legal disputes than Edward J. DeBartolo Jr., Donald Bren, Stephen M. Ross, Sam Zell, and Larry Silverstein combined. In about 500 cases, judges dismissed plaintiffs' claims against Trump. Hundreds of cases have ended with the available public record unclear about the resolution,[587] but where there was a clear resolution, he has won 451 times and lost 38.[590]
1980s
In 1985, Trump was sued by both the State of New York and the City of New York for allegedly trying to force out tenants to enable demolition.[591] The matter was settled and the demolition canceled.[592] In 1988, Trump paid $750,000 to settle the civil penalties in an antitrust lawsuit stemming from stock purchases.[593]
1990s
In 1991, a business analyst predicted that the Trump Taj Mahal would soon fail, and he then lost his job; the analyst sued Trump for allegedly having an unlawful role in the firing, and that matter was settled confidentially out of court.[594] After a helicopter crashed, killing three executives of his New Jersey hotel casino business, Trump sued the manufacturers,[595] and that case was dismissed.[596] Trump Plaza was fined $200,000 by the New Jersey Casino Control Commission for moving African-American and female employees away from a racist and sexist gambler to accommodate him, but Trump was not evidently investigated, nor held personally liable, and said he would not even recognize that gambler.[597] In 1991, Trump's father, Fred Trump, made an unlawful loan to Trump's Castle to help it make a mortgage payment, and the casino was required to pay a $30,000 fine, but his son was not penalized.[598]
In 1993, Trump sued his business partner Jay Pritzker for allegedly collecting excessive fees, and the matter was settled.[599][600][601] Boarding house owner Vera Coking sued for damage during construction of an adjacent casino, and later dropped the suit against Trump while settling with his contractor; she also prevailed against Trump and other developers in an eminent domain case.[602][603][604]
In 1997, Trump and rival Atlantic City casino owner Stephen Wynn engaged in an extended legal conflict during the planning phase of new casinos Wynn had proposed to build, and the cases were settled.[605][606][607]
2000s
In 2000, Trump was charged with lobbying for government rejection of proposed casinos that would compete with his casinos, and he paid $250,000 to settle resulting fines.[608][609] The charges related to a proposed Native American-run casino in the Catskills, New York, which would have competed with three of Trump's casinos in Atlantic City.[610]
When the Securities and Exchange Commission charged one of his companies with poor financial reporting, Trump's attorney said the culprit had been dismissed, and that Trump had personally been unaware of the matter.[611][612][613] Following litigation with Leona Helmsley that started in the 1990s regarding control of the Empire State Building,[614][615] Trump in 2002 sold his share in that building to rivals of Helmsley's.[616][617]
In 2004 Trump sued former business partner Richard Fields for allegedly saying he still consulted for Trump. Fields counter-sued,[618][619][620][621] and the lawsuit was dismissed.[622]
The town of Palm Beach, Florida fined Trump for building an 80-foot (24-meter) pole for the American flag at his Mar-a-Lago property. Trump then sued, and a settlement required him to donate $100,000 to veterans' charities, while the town agreed to let him enroll out-of-towners in his social club and permitted a 10-foot shorter flagpole elsewhere on his lawn.[623]
When the California city of Rancho Palos Verdes thwarted luxury home development on a landslide-prone area owned by Trump, he sued,[624] and the city agreed to permit extensions for 20 more proposed luxury homes.[625][626]
Trump sued a law firm he had used, Morrison Cohen, for using his name, for providing news links at its website, and for charging excessive fees,[92] after which the firm halved the fees, and the court ruled that the links were allowable.[627]
In 2009, Trump was sued by investors in the canceled Trump Ocean Resort Baja Mexico;[628] Trump said he had merely been a spokesperson,[628][629] and he settled the lawsuit for an undisclosed amount.[630]
In 2004, the Trump Organization licensed the Trump brand to a hotel and condo project in Fort Lauderdale scheduled to open in 2007,[142] but delays in construction and the bursting of the U.S. real estate bubble led Trump to withdraw his name from the deal in 2009,[142] after which the project defaulted, investors sued,[631] and Trump was caught in the ongoing lawsuits because he had participated in advertising.[142][632]
Trump personally guaranteed $40 million to secure a $640 million loan for Trump International Hotel and Tower in Chicago. When Deutsche Bank tried to collect it, Trump sued the bank for harming the project and his reputation,[633] and the bank then agreed to extend the loan term by five years.[634]
2010s
In 2015, Trump's claim that the Scottish Government improperly approved a wind-farm project near his golf course and planned hotel was rejected by the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, following a lengthy legal battle.[635]
In July 2015, Trump sued the former Miss Pennsylvania, Sheena Monnin, after she alleged that the Miss USA 2012 pageant was rigged.[636] A federal judge upheld the settlement, obliging her to pay Trump $5 million.[636][637][638]
Trump sued Palm Beach County, alleging that the county had pressured the FAA to direct air traffic over Trump's Mar-a-Lago club and estate.[639] He also sued chefs Geoffrey Zakarian and José Andrés; the latter said there was no merit in Trump's allegation that the chef backed out of a deal at the Old Post Office Pavilion.[640][641][642][643]
Trump sued the town of Ossining, New York, over the property tax valuation on his golf course there,[644][645] after separately being sued for modifying a drainage system that allegedly damaged a library, public pool, and park facilities.[645]
Awards, honors, and distinctions
- The Jewish National Fund's Tree of Life Award for outstanding contributions to Israel–United States relations.[646] (1983)
- The Ellis Island Medal of Honor in celebration of "patriotism, tolerance, brotherhood and diversity."[647] (1986)
- Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actor for his role in Ghosts Can't Do It[648] (1990)
- Gaming Hall of Fame[649] (1995)
- Street in Kalispell, Montana named Trump Drive (Montana real estate developer Hubert Turner named the streets on his Empire Estates properties after famous NYC business moguls).[650]
- Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame[651][652] (2007)
- Muhammad Ali Entrepreneur Award[653] (2007)
- Trump was awarded an honorary doctorate of business administration by Robert Gordon University.[654] The degree was revoked on December 9, 2015, because Trump had made statements that the university deemed "wholly incompatible" with its "ethos and values."[655] (2010)
- NY Ride of Fame[656] (2010)
- Honorary doctorate of business, Liberty University[657][658] (2012)
- WWE Hall of Fame[659] (2013)
- The Algemeiner Liberty Award for contributions to Israel–United States relations.[660] (2015)
- New Jersey Boxing Hall of Fame[661] (2015)
- Marine Corps–Law Enforcement Foundation Commandant's Leadership Award[662] (2015)
- Key to the City of Doral, Florida[663][664] (2015)
- Time Person of the Year (2016)
- Financial Times Person of the Year (2016)
Electoral history
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Donald Trump | 14,015,993 (popular votes) 1,441 delegates (41 contests) |
44.9% of popular vote | |
Republican | Ted Cruz | 7,822,100 (popular votes) 551 delegates (11 contests) |
25.1% of popular vote | |
Republican | Marco Rubio | 3,515,576 (popular votes) 173 delegates (3 contests) |
11.3% of popular vote | |
Republican | John Kasich | 4,290,448 (popular votes) 161 delegates (1 contests) |
13.8% of popular vote |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Donald Trump | 62,979,879 (popular votes) 304 electors (30 states + ME−02) |
46.0% (popular vote) 56.5% (electoral vote) | |
Democratic | Hillary Clinton | 65,844,954 (popular votes) 227 electors (20 states + DC) |
48.1% (popular vote) 42.2% (electoral vote) |
See also
Notes
- ^ His external entrepreneurial and investment ventures include Trump Financial (a mortgage firm), Trump Sales and Leasing (residential sales), Trump International Realty (a residential and commercial real estate brokerage firm), The Trump Entrepreneur Initiative (a for profit business education company, formerly called the Trump University), Trump Restaurants (located in Trump Tower and consisting of Trump Buffet, Trump Catering, Trump Ice Cream Parlor, and Trump Bar), GoTrump (an online travel search engine),[144][145][146] Select By Trump (a line of coffee drinks),[147] Trump Drinks (an energy drink for the Israeli and Palestinian markets),[148][149][150][151] Donald J. Trump Signature Collection (a line of menswear, men's accessories, and watches), Donald Trump The Fragrance (2004), SUCCESS by Donald Trump (a second fragrance launched by The Trump Organization and the Five Star Fragrance Company released in March 2012), Trump Ice bottled water, the former Trump Magazine,[152] Trump Golf, Trump Chocolate, Trump Home (home furnishings),[153] Trump Productions (a television production company), Trump Institute, Trump: The Game (1989 board game with a 2005 re-release version tied to The Apprentice),[145] Donald Trump's Real Estate Tycoon (a business simulation game), Trump Books, Trump Model Management, Trump Shuttle, Trump Mortgage, Trump Network (a multi-level vitamin, cosmetic, and urinalysis marketing company),[154][155] Trump Vodka,[153][156][157] Trump Steakhouse[144][158] and Trump Steaks.[145] In addition, Trump reportedly received $1.5 million for each one-hour presentation he did for The Learning Annex.[159] Trump also endorsed ACN Inc., a multi-level marketing telecommunications company. He has spoken at ACN International Training Events at which he praised the company's founders, business model and video phone.[160] He earned a total $1.35 million for three speeches given for the company, amounting to $450,000 per speech.[161]
- ^ The Marble Collegiate Church is a part of the Reformed Church in America, which is Mainline Reformed and not necessarily Presbyterian. Though Trump is not a member of this particular denomination, the congregation welcomes everybody. He was confirmed at the First Presbyterian Church, which belongs to the Presbyterian Church (USA). Since he travels a lot, Trump has attended various Reformed churches, regardless of their denomination.
References
- ^ Gillin, Joshua (August 24, 2015). "Bush says Trump was a Democrat longer than a Republican 'in the last decade'". PolitiFact. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
- ^ Sargent, Hilary (January 22, 2014). "The Man Responsible for Donald Trump's Never-Ending Presidential Campaign". Boston.com.
A New Hampshire Republican activist named Mike Dunbar dreamed up the idea of a Donald Trump presidency [in] early summer of 1987... Dunbar launched a 'Draft Trump' campaign... Stories about a possible Trump presidency ran in newspapers across the country... (Trump was registered as a Democrat at the time...)
- ^ a b "The World's Billionaires – #324 Donald Trump". Forbes. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
- ^ a b "The 'King of Whoppers': Donald Trump". FactCheck.org. December 21, 2015.
- ^ a b Holan, Angie Drobnic; Qiu, Linda (December 21, 2015). "2015 Lie of the Year: the campaign misstatements of Donald Trump". PolitiFact.com.
- ^ Finnegan, Michael (September 25, 2016). "Scope of Trump's falsehoods unprecedented for a modern presidential candidate". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 8, 2016.
- ^ Cillizza, Chris (July 1, 2016). "A fact checker looked into 158 things Donald Trump said. 78 percent were false". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 8, 2016.
- ^ Dale, Daniel; Talaga, Tanya (November 4, 2016). "Donald Trump said 560 false things, total". Toronto Star. Retrieved December 8, 2016.
- ^ New York City Department of Health (June 14, 1946). "Donald Trump Birth Certificate". ABC News. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 12, 2016. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ Jamaica Hospital (June 14, 1946). "Certificate of Birth: Donald John Trump" (PDF). Fox News Channel. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 9, 2011. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ Horowitz, Jason (January 2, 2016). "For Donald Trump, Lessons From a Brother's Suffering". The New York Times. Retrieved July 24, 2016.
- ^ Blair, Gwenda (2001). The Trumps: Three Generations That Built an Empire. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 110. ISBN 978-0-7432-1079-9.
- ^ Blair, Gwenda (August 24, 2015). "The Man Who Made Trump Who He Is". Politico. Retrieved July 24, 2016.
- ^ a b Pilon, Mary (June 24, 2016). "Donald Trump's Immigrant Mother". The New Yorker.
- ^ McGrane, Sally (April 29, 2016). "The Ancestral German Home of the Trumps". The New Yorker.
- ^ Davidson, Amy (April 8, 2016). "Donald Trump's Nuclear Uncle". The New Yorker. Retrieved July 24, 2016.
- ^ "Donald Trump's grandfather ran Canadian brothel during gold rush". CBC News. September 19, 2015. Retrieved December 10, 2015.
- ^ Blair, Gwenda (2001). The Trumps: Three Generations of Builders and a Presidential Candidate (1st ed.). Simon & Schuster. pp. 28–29, 453; ISBN 9780743210799.
- ^ Blair, Gwenda (2001). The Trumps: Three Generations That Built an Empire. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-7432-1079-9.
- ^ Frates, Chris (August 24, 2015). "Donald Trump's Immigrant Wives". CNN. Retrieved September 3, 2015.
- ^ Harrison, Olivia (July 27, 2016). "Donald Trump Grew Up In This 6-Bedroom House In Queens". Huffington Post.
- ^ Horowitz, Jason (September 22, 2015). "Donald Trump's Old Queens Neighborhood Contrasts With the Diverse Area Around It". The New York Times. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ Strauss, Valerie (July 17, 2015). "Yes, Donald Trump really went to an Ivy League school". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
- ^ Bender, Marylin (August 7, 1983). "The empire and ego of Donald Trump". The New York Times. Retrieved May 22, 2008.
- ^ Miller, Michael (January 9, 2016). "50 years later, disagreements over young Trump's military academy record". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 9, 2016.
- ^ a b Barbaro, Michael (September 8, 2015). "Donald Trump Likens His Schooling to Military Service in Book". The New York Times. Retrieved September 8, 2015.
- ^ Blair, Gwenda (2005). Donald Trump: Master Apprentice. Simon and Schuster. pp. 16–. ISBN 978-0-7432-7510-1.
- ^ a b Viser, Matt (August 28, 2015). "Even in college, Donald Trump was brash". The Boston Globe.
- ^ Ehrenfreund, Max (September 3, 2015). "The real reason Donald Trump is so rich". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ "The Best Known Brand Name in Real Estate". The Wharton School. Spring 2007.
- ^ "Two Hundred and Twelfth Commencement for the Conferring of Degrees" (PDF). University of Pennsylvania. May 20, 1968. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 19, 2016.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ Montopoli, Brian (April 29, 2011). "Donald Trump avoided Vietnam with deferments, records show". CBS News. Retrieved July 17, 2015.
- ^ Lee, Kurtis (August 4, 2016). "How deferments protected Donald Trump from serving in Vietnam". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved August 4, 2016.
- ^ a b Whitlock, Craig (July 21, 2015). "Questions linger about Trump's draft deferments during Vietnam War". The Washington Post.
- ^ Goldman, Russell (April 29, 2011). "Donald Trump's Own Secret: Vietnam Draft Records". ABC News. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
Nor do the documents categorically suggest it was deferments and not a high draft number that ultimately allowed him to avoid the draft.
- ^ Eder, Steve; Philipps, Dave (August 1, 2016). "Donald Trump's Draft Deferments: Four for College, One for Bad Feet". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 2, 2016.
Because of his medical exemption, his lottery number would have been irrelevant, said Richard Flahavan, a spokesman for the Selective Service System, who has worked for the agency for three decades... Still, Mr. Trump, in the interviews, said he believed he could have been subject to another physical exam to check on his bone spurs, had his draft number been called. 'I would have had to go eventually because that was a minor medical...' But the publicly available draft records of Mr. Trump include the letters 'DISQ' next to his exam date, with no notation indicating that he would be re-examined.
- ^ "In Step With: Donald Trump". Parade. November 14, 2004. Archived from the original on October 14, 2010.
- ^ Trump, Donald J.; Schwartz, Tony (January 1989) [First published 1987]. Trump: The Art of the Deal. Warner Books. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-446-35325-0.
He called his company Elizabeth Trump & Son ...
- ^ "Donald Trump's Bond Hill connection". The Enquirer. August 12, 2015.
- ^ Blair, Gwenda (2005). Donald Trump: Master Apprenticel. Simon & Schuster. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-7432-7510-1.
- ^ Kelly, Conor (July 27, 2015). "Meet Donald Trump: Everything You Need To Know (And Probably Didn't Know) About The 2016 Republican Presidential Candidate". ABC News.
- ^ Dunlap, David (July 30, 2015). "1973: Meet Donald Trump". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 31, 2015.
Trump Management... was also to allow the league to present qualified applicants for every fifth vacancy... Trump himself said he was satisfied that the agreement did not 'compel the Trump Organization to accept persons on welfare as tenants unless as qualified as any other tenant.'
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ Kranish, Michael; O'Harrow, Robert (January 23, 2016). "Inside the government's racial bias case against Donald Trump's company, and how he fought it". The Washington Post.
Civil rights groups in the city viewed the Trump company as just one example of a nationwide problem of housing discrimination. But targeting the Trumps provided a chance to have an impact, said Eleanor Holmes Norton, who was then chairwoman of the city's human rights commission. 'They were big names.'
- ^ Wooten, Sara McIntosh (2009). Donald Trump: From Real Estate to Reality TV. pp. 32–35. ISBN 0-7660-2890-9.
- ^ Kessler, Glenn (March 3, 2016). "Trump's false claim he built his empire with a 'small loan' from his father". The Washington Post.
- ^ "The Expanding Empire of Donald Trump". The New York Times. April 8, 1984.
- ^ Flegenheimer, Matt; Haberman, Maggie (March 29, 2016). "With the New York Presidential Primary, the Circus Is Coming Home". The New York Times. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
- ^ Alexander Burns (December 9, 2016). "Donald Trump Loves New York. But It Doesn't Love Him Back". The New York Times. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
- ^ "History". Trump Tower New York. n.d. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
- ^ Freedlander, David (September 29, 2015). "A 1980s New York City Battle Explains Donald Trump's Candidacy". Bloomberg L.P. Bloomberg. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
- ^ Wooten, Sara McIntosh (2009). Donald Trump: From Real Estate to Reality TV. pp. 65–66. ISBN 0-7660-2890-9.
- ^ Wooten, Sara McIntosh (2009). Donald Trump: From Real Estate to Reality TV. p. 62. ISBN 0-7660-2890-9.
- ^ Wooten, Sara McIntosh (2009). Donald Trump: From Real Estate to Reality TV. pp. 57–58. ISBN 0-7660-2890-9.
- ^ Swartz, Steve (November 11, 1985). "Holiday, Trump drafting terms to end rocky alliance over Atlantic City casino". The Wall Street Journal. – via ProQuest (subscription required)
- ^ Wooten, Sara McIntosh (2009). Donald Trump: From Real Estate to Reality TV. pp. 59–60. ISBN 0-7660-2890-9.
- ^ Cuff, Daniel (December 18, 1988). "Seven Acquisitive Executives Who Made Business News in 1988: Donald Trump – Trump Organization; The Artist of the Deal Turns Sour into Sweet". The New York Times. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
- ^ Glynn, Lenny (April 8, 1990). "Trump's Taj — Open at Last, With a Scary Appetite". The New York Times. Retrieved August 14, 2016.
- ^ Parry, Wayne (May 20, 2016). "New owner wants to make Trump's Taj Mahal casino great again". PBS NewsHour. Associated Press. Retrieved August 14, 2016.
- ^ a b "Trump reaches agreement with bondholders on Taj Mahal". United Press International. April 9, 1991. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
- ^ a b Bingham, Amy (April 21, 2011). "Donald Trump's Companies Filed for Bankruptcy 4 Times". ABC News. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
- ^ "Taj Mahal is out of Bankruptcy". The New York Times. October 5, 1991. Retrieved May 22, 2008.
- ^ Schneider, Karen S. (May 19, 1997). "The Donald Ducks Out". People. Retrieved September 10, 2015.
- ^ a b McQuade, Dan (August 16, 2015). "The Truth About the Rise and Fall of Donald Trump's Atlantic City Empire". Philadelphia Magazine. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
- ^ Tully, Shawn (March 10, 2016). "How Donald Trump Made Millions Off His Biggest Business Failure". Fortune. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
- ^ "Donald Trump's long history of clashes with Native Americans".
- ^ "Connecticut tribal leaders speak out against Trump's remarks". July 7, 2016.
- ^ KEATING, CHRISTOPHER. "Casinos And Controversy Marked Donald Trump's Connecticut Years".
- ^ Wooten, Sara McIntosh (2009). Donald Trump: From Real Estate to Reality TV. pp. 81–82. ISBN 0-7660-2890-9.
- ^ Rozhon, Tracy (June 26, 1999). "Fred C. Trump, Postwar Master Builder of Housing for Middle Class, Dies at 93". The New York Times. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
- ^ "Trump World Tower". Emporis. Retrieved May 22, 2008.
- ^ Wooten, Sara McIntosh (2009). Donald Trump: From Real Estate to Reality TV. p. 108. ISBN 0-7660-2890-9.
- ^ Fitch, Stephane (September 21, 2006). "What is Trump Worth?". Forbes. Retrieved July 4, 2008.
- ^ Wooten, Sara McIntosh (2009). Donald Trump: From Real Estate to Reality TV. pp. 86–87. ISBN 0-7660-2890-9.
- ^ Hiaasen, Carl (July 11, 2015). "Carl Hiaasen: There will never be a President Trump". Miami Herald. Retrieved September 1, 2015.
- ^ "Turkish partner condemns Donald Trump's anti-Muslim remarks, reviews ties". Reuters. December 11, 2015. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
- ^ a b Drucker, Jesse (March 6, 2016). "Trump Tower Funded by Rich Chinese Who Invest Cash for Visas". Bloomberg Politics. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
- ^ Romine, Brentley (July 14, 2015). "Donald Trump announces he will run for president in 2016". Golfweek. Archived from the original on March 17, 2016.
- ^ a b "Donald Trump Personal Financial Disclosure Form 2015" (PDF). The Washington Post.
- ^ Alesci, Cristina; Frankel, Laurie; Sahadi, Jeanne (May 19, 2016). "A peek at Donald Trump's finances". CNN. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
- ^ Lidz, Franz (February 22, 2008). "Landing In The Rough With Trump'". Condé Nast Portfolio. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
{{cite news}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|work=
(help) - ^ Churchill, Carolyn (February 16, 2010). "First look at Trump plan for 'world's best course'". The Herald. Glasgow. Archived from the original on May 21, 2013. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
- ^ Tuffrey, Laurie. "Trump opens controversial Scottish golf course". Retrieved August 9, 2015.
- ^ Ebert, Roger (October 17, 2012). "You've Been Trumped". Rogerebert.com. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
- ^ Sweeney, John (July 7, 2013). "Donald trump fails to deliver on golf resort jobs pledge". The Independent. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
- ^ Enoch, Nick (June 5, 2015). "Donald Trump loses latest legal challenge against an offshore wind farm project near his Scottish golf resort". Daily Mail.
- ^ Bowcott, Owen; Addley, Esther (December 16, 2015). "Alex Salmond brands Trump 'loser' after judges reject windfarm appeal | Environment". The Guardian. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ^ "US property tycoon Donald Trump buys Turnberry resort". BBC News. April 29, 2014. Retrieved April 29, 2014.
- ^ Carter, Iain (April 29, 2014). "Turnberry: Donald Trump deal should not affect Open status". BBC News. Retrieved April 29, 2014.
- ^ Shackelford, Geoff (July 20, 2016). "Donald Trump's Turnberry: the Presidential Nominee Delivers With his Renovated Ayrshire Course". Golf Digest.
- ^ Hood, Bryan (June 29, 2015). "4 Times Donald Trump's Companies Declared Bankruptcy". Vanity Fair News. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ Hao Li (April 12, 2011). "Donald Trump Questioned on His Bankruptcies". International Business Times. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
- ^ a b Stone, Peter (May 5, 2011). "Donald Trump's lawsuits could turn off conservatives who embrace tort reform". The Center for Public Integrity. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
- ^ Kurtz, Howard (April 24, 2011). "Kurtz: The Trump Backlash". Newsweek. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
- ^ Winter, Tom. "Trump Bankruptcy Math Doesn't Add Up". NBC News. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
- ^ O'Connor, Clare (April 29, 2011). "Fourth Time's A Charm: How Donald Trump Made Bankruptcy Work For Him". Forbes. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
- ^ Hirby, James. "How is Donald Trump Able to File for Bankruptcy So Many Times?". The Law Dictionary. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
- ^ "From the Tower to the White House". The Economist. February 20, 2016. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
Mr Trump's performance has been mediocre compared with the stockmarket and property in New York.
- ^ Swanson, Ana (February 29, 2016). "The myth and the reality of Donald Trump's business empire". The Washington Post.
- ^ Terris, Ben (October 19, 2015). "And then there was the time Donald Trump bought a football team". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ a b c Markazi, Arash (July 14, 2015). "5 things to know about Donald Trump's foray into doomed USFL". ESPN.
- ^ Anderson, Dave (July 12, 1988). "Sports of The Times; Trump: Promoter Or Adviser?". The New York Times. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ "Trump Gets Tyson Fight". The New York Times. February 25, 1988. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ "The Strange Tale of Donald Trump's 1989 Biking Extravaganza".
- ^ Litsky, Frank (May 15, 1989). "Dispute Mars End of the Tour de Trump". The New York Times. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
- ^ Kryk, John (July 29, 2014). "Probably few new bidders will bid today for Bills". Toronto Sun. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
- ^ "Video: Donald Trump mocks the NFL for being too soft, calls concussions 'a little ding on the head'". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ a b "Trump Sells Miss Universe Organization to WME-IMG Talent Agency". The New York Times. September 15, 2015. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
- ^ "Donald Trump just sold off the entire Miss Universe Organization". Business Insider. September 14, 2015. Retrieved May 6, 2016.
- ^ Rutenberg, Jim (June 22, 2002). "Three Beauty Pageants Leaving CBS for NBC". The New York Times. Retrieved August 14, 2016.
- ^ de Moraes, Lisa (June 22, 2002). "There She Goes: Pageants Move to NBC". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 14, 2016.
- ^ "Beauty Queen Tara Conner's Revelations". Harpo Productions. The Oprah Winfrey Show. April 28, 2010. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
- ^ Stack, Liam (September 28, 2016). "Donald Trump Keeps Insulting Rosie O'Donnell. Here's How Their Feud Started". Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. New York Times. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
- ^ Ross, Barbara; McShane, Larry (July 5, 2013). "Miss USA contestant ordered to pay $5 million to Donald Trump for calling pageant 'rigged'". New York Daily News.
- ^ Tadena, Natalie (July 2, 2015). "Donald Trump's Miss USA Pageant Lands on Reelz Cable Channel". The Wall Street Journal.
- ^ Washington Post Staff (June 16, 2015). "Full text: Donald Trump announces a presidential bid". The Washington Post.
- ^ Littleton, Cynthia (June 30, 2015). "Donald Trump Files $500 Million Lawsuit Against Univision Over Miss USA Contract". Variety.
- ^ Campbell, Colin (June 30, 2015). "Donald Trump says he's filed a $500 million lawsuit against the US' largest Spanish-language TV network". Business Insider.
- ^ Corriston, Michele (September 11, 2015). "Donald Trump Says He Bought Out NBC, Now Owns All of Miss Universe Organization". People. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
- ^ Koblin, John. "Donald Trump Says He Has Bought NBC's Miss Universe Stake". The New York Times. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
- ^ Yu, Roger (February 11, 2016). "Trump, Univision settle beauty pageant lawsuit". USA Today.
- ^ Ellis, Blake; Hicken, Melanie (March 10, 2016). "Trump's modeling agency broke immigration laws, attorneys say". CNN. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
- ^ Rosenberg, Mica; McNeill, Ryan; Twohey, Megan; Conlin, Michelle (August 1, 2015). "Exclusive – Donald Trump's companies have sought visas to import at least 1,100 workers". Reuters UK. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
- ^ Calder, Rich (October 18, 2014). "Trump agency stiffed Jamaican model out of $200K: suit". New York Post. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
- ^ a b Torres, Analisa. "Memorandum and Order". Docket Alarm. Retrieved January 2, 2017.
- ^ Cam, Deniz (March 23, 2016). "Trump Model Management Lawsuit Dismissed By Federal Judge". Forbes. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
- ^ Gitell, Seth (March 8, 2016). "I Survived Trump University". Politico. Retrieved March 18, 2016.
- ^ Cohan, William D. "Big Hair on Campus: Did Donald Trump Defraud Thousands of Real-Estate Students?". Vanity Fair. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
- ^ Barbaro, Michael (May 19, 2011). "New York Attorney General Is Investigating Trump's For-Profit School". The New York Times.
- ^ a b Halperin, David (March 3, 2016). "NY Court Refuses to Dismiss Trump University Case, Describes Fraud Allegations". The Huffington Post.
- ^ Freifeld, Karen (October 16, 2014). "New York judge finds Donald Trump liable for unlicensed school". Reuters. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
- ^ Lee, Michelle Ye Hee (February 27, 2016). "Donald Trump's misleading claim that he's 'won most of' lawsuits over Trump University". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
- ^ McCoy, Kevin (August 26, 2013). "Trump faces two-front legal fight over 'university'". USA Today.
- ^ Rappeport, Alan (June 3, 2016). "That Judge Attacked by Donald Trump? He's Faced a Lot Worse". The New York Times. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
- ^ Ford, Matt (June 3, 2016). "Why Is Donald Trump So Angry at Judge Gonzalo Curiel?". The Atlantic. Retrieved June 3, 2016.
- ^ Finnegan, Michael (May 27, 2016). "Trump trashes judge overseeing Trump University fraud case, says it's fine that he's Mexican". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 29, 2016.
- ^ Jackson, David (June 7, 2016). "Trump says judge comments 'misconstrued' amid GOP uprising". USA Today. Retrieved June 8, 2016.
I do not intend to comment on this matter any further
- ^ [full text] Trump, Donald J. (June 7, 2016). "Donald Trump's Statement on Trump University". The New York Times.
- ^ "Trial date set in Trump University lawsuit". CBS News. May 6, 2016. Retrieved May 28, 2016.
- ^ Eder, Steve (November 18, 2016). "Donald Trump Agrees to Pay $25 Million in Trump University Settlement". The New York Times. Retrieved November 18, 2016.
- ^ "Donald Trump Agrees to Pay $25 Million in Trump University Settlement". New York Daily News. November 18, 2016. Retrieved November 18, 2016.
- ^ Klepper, David; Spagat, Ellio (November 18, 2016). "Trump agrees to $25M settlement to resolve Trump U. lawsuits". Daily Herald. Associated Press.
- ^ a b c d Sallah, Michael (March 3, 2016). "From the Herald archives: Donald Trump's tower of trouble". Miami Herald. Retrieved March 11, 2016.
{{cite news}}
:|archive-date=
requires|archive-url=
(help) - ^ a b Johnson, M. Alex (July 13, 2015). "'The Answer Is No': Bill Cosby's Hollywood Walk of Fame Star Is Staying Put". NBC News. Retrieved August 1, 2015.
- ^ a b Holodny, Elena (October 10, 2014). "12 Donald Trump businesses that no longer exist". Yahoo Finance. Retrieved January 17, 2016. See also archived website of this business.
- ^ a b c Koffler, Jacob (August 7, 2015). "Donald Trump's 16 Biggest Business Failures and Successes". Time. Retrieved August 29, 2015.
- ^ "5-screw-ups-that-tell-us-donald-trump-should-not-teach-business-degree-classes".
- ^ "Select By Trump". Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ Abelson, Max (September 3, 2015). "How Trump Invented Trump". Bloomberg Business. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ Levine, Matt (September 3, 2015). "Should Trump Have Indexed?". Bloomberg View. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ Moore, Heidi (July 22, 2015). "The weirdest ways Donald Trump makes his money". Mashable. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ "6 ways Trump makes his money". Politico. July 22, 2015. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ Purcell, Carey (August 14, 2016). "I Survived 'Trump' Magazine — Barely". Politico. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
- ^ a b "You've Been Trumped – Movie Review – 2011". About.com. May 3, 2011. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
- ^ Pressler, Jessica (January 11, 2011). "'If I Can't Trust Donald Trump, Who Can I Trust?'". New York. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
- ^ Tuttle, Ian (March 8, 2016). "Add Another Yuuge Failure to Trump's Pile: The Trump Network". National Review. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
- ^ Tuttle, Brad (June 16, 2015). "8 Epic Business Failures with Donald Trump's Name on Them". Time. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ Snyder, Benjamin (July 6, 2015). "Donald Trump's business fumbles". Fortune. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ "Trump Steakhouse hit with 51 violations after officials find month-old caviar, expired yogurt". Daily News. New York. November 17, 2012. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ "That's rich! The Donald cash advice costs 1.5m". Daily News. New York. October 23, 2005. Archived from the original on October 29, 2008. Retrieved July 4, 2008.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Donald J. Trump on ACN's Home Based Business". Archived from the original on August 2, 2012. Retrieved July 20, 2012.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ Conlin, Michelle (July 18, 2015). "Presidential hopeful Trump rivals Clinton in speech fees". Reuters. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ Blankfeld, Keren. "Donald Trump on His Brand Value: Forbes' Numbers Are Ridiculous". Forbes.
- ^ a b Frangos, Alex (May 18, 2009). "Trump on Trump: Testimony Offers Glimpse of How He Values His Empire". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 14, 2011.
- ^ a b c Lewandowski, Corey R. (July 15, 2015). "Donald J. Trump Files Personal Financial Disclosure Statement With Federal Election Commission" (PDF). Retrieved March 8, 2016.
- ^ "Donald Trump's Tax Obligation". The Wall Street Journal. February 19, 2016. Retrieved February 22, 2016.
- ^ "Fact Check: IRS audit doesn't prohibit Trump from releasing taxes". Washington Post. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
- ^ "Tax History Project – Presidential Tax Returns". www.taxhistory.org. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
- ^ "Donald Trump Tax Records Show He Could Have Avoided Taxes for Nearly Two Decades, The Times Found". The New York Times. October 2, 2016.
- ^ Eder, Steve; Twohey, Megan (October 10, 2016). "Donald Trump Acknowledges Not Paying Federal Income Taxes for Years". The New York Times.
- ^ Salisbury, Ian (November 1, 2016). "Did Trump Really Lose $1 Billion in One Year?". TIME. New York. Retrieved November 1, 2016.
Trump, or his tax advisers, had somehow devised a way to claim large business losses tied to debts that had been forgiven without reporting offsetting income that would have reduced his staggering loss ... documents that appear to show during the early 1990s Trump indeed used a strategy of swapping partnership interests to his creditors in exchange for having his businesses debts forgiven, eliminating the need for him to report this relief as income. There are still plenty of unknowns.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Donald Trump Used Legally Dubious Method to Avoid Paying Taxes". The Times. November 1, 2016. Retrieved November 1, 2016.
- ^ a b O'Brien, Timothy L. (October 23, 2005). "What's He Really Worth?". The New York Times. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
- ^ Stump, Scott (October 26, 2015). "Donald Trump: My dad gave me 'a small loan' of $1 million to get started". CNBC. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
- ^ Mishak, Michael J. (April 30, 2011). "Trump's tower a sore spot on the Strip". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
- ^ Costa, Robert; Gold, Matea (June 15, 2015). "Donald Trump will declare $9 billion in assets as he reveals 2016 plans". The Washington Post.
- ^ Overby, Peter; Montanaro, Domenico (June 17, 2015). "The Problem With Donald Trump's One-Page Summary on His Wealth". NPR. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
- ^ Carlyle, Erin (June 16, 2015). "Trump Exaggerating His Net Worth (By 100%) In Presidential Bid". Forbes. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
- ^ Udland, Myles (June 16, 2015). "Donald Trump's self-described net worth is $8.7 billion – here's the breakdown". Business Insider.
- ^ a b c Melby, Caleb (July 19, 2016). "Trump Is Richer in Property and Deeper in Debt in New Valuation". Bloomberg Politics.
In the year that Donald Trump was transformed... into the presumptive Republican nominee, the value of his golf courses and his namesake Manhattan tower soared... His net worth rose to $3 billion on the Bloomberg Billionaires Index...
- ^ Carlyle, Erin (July 15, 2015). "As Trump Files FEC Disclosure, He Raises Claimed Net Worth To $10 Billion; Forbes Disagrees". Forbes. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
- ^ Barbaro, Michael (October 17, 2016). "The New Protesters Defying Donald Trump: His Customers". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 18, 2016.
- ^ Wolff-Mann, Ethan (May 26, 2016). "Hotel Bookings at Donald Trump's Hotels Are Way Down". Money Magazine. Retrieved October 18, 2016.
- ^ "Trump hotels and casino traffic has taken a huge hit since Trump started running for president". Foursquare. August 4, 2016. Retrieved October 18, 2016 – via CNBC.
- ^ Castillo, Michelle (October 10, 2016). "Tape release further erodes Trump brand: Survey". CNBC. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
- ^ Young, Vicky M. (November 9, 2016). "Donald and Ivanka Trump Brands Seen as Post-Election Winners, Too". Women's Wear Daily. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
- ^ Cassidy, John (May 17, 2016). "Just How Rich Is Donald Trump?". The New Yorker.
[He] has stated that he is worth more than ten billion dollars... Forbes concluded [in 2015] that Trump was worth about $4.5 billion, while Bloomberg estimated $2.9 billion. The Forbes figure was high enough to put Trump in a tie at No. 324 on the magazine's global ranking of billionaires... The gap between Forbes's $4.5 billion figure and Bloomberg's $2.9 billion figure is largely attributable to differences in how the two publications appraised individual properties.
- ^ "Casting Notes: Donald Trump Cameos in Wall Street 2; Jeremy Piven and Kate Walsh go to Canada". Slashfilm.com. November 30, 2009. Retrieved April 21, 2011.
- ^ Handel, Jonathan (July 22, 2015). "How Did Donald Trump Get a $110K SAG Pension?". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ Palmeri, Christopher (July 22, 2015). "Inside Donald Trump's $110,000 Hollywood Pension Disclosure". Bloomberg. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- ^ Payment, Simone (2007). Donald Trump: Profile of a Real Estate Tycoon. Rosen Publishing. p. 85. ISBN 978-1-4042-1909-0. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
- ^ Silverman, Stephen M. (April 29, 2004). "The Donald to Get New Wife, Radio Show". People. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
- ^ "Donald Trump Biography". trump.com. Archived from the original on March 17, 2009. Retrieved March 17, 2009.
- ^ Koffler, Jacob (August 7, 2015). "Donald Trump's 16 Biggest Business Failures and Successes". Time.
The Apprentice premiered on NBC in 2004 to great ratings. Trump served as not only the host but also the executive producer, raking in $1 million per episode. The show was successful enough that it inspired a spinoff, The Celebrity Apprentice.
- ^ Byers, Dylan (July 15, 2015). "Trump claims $213M payout for 'Apprentice'". Politico.com. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
- ^ Dent, Millie (July 10, 2015). "15 Facts You Didn't Know About Donald Trump". The Fiscal Times. Retrieved August 1, 2015.
- ^ Dobuzinskis, Alex; Younis, Omar (October 26, 2016). "Donald Trump's Hollywood Walk of Fame star vandalized on video". Reuters. Retrieved October 26, 2016.
- ^ Swift, Andy (February 16, 2015). "The Apprentice Renewed for Season 15". Retrieved July 28, 2015.
- ^ Feeley, Paul (February 27, 2015). "Trump won't renew 'Apprentice' so that he might focus on a presidential run". Retrieved July 28, 2015.
- ^ Byers, Dylan (March 18, 2015). "NBC still planning for 'Apprentice,' despite Donald Trump's presidential claims". Retrieved July 28, 2015.
- ^ Siegel, Jacob (June 29, 2015). "NBC Just Fired Presidential Hopeful Donald Trump from 'The Apprentice'". Retrieved July 28, 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Donald Trump bio". WWE. Retrieved March 14, 2015.
- ^ Powell, John. "WrestleMania XX bombs". SLAM! Wrestling. Retrieved March 14, 2015.
- ^ Murphy, Ryan. "Donald Trump announced for WWE Hall of Fame". WWE.
- ^ Oreskes, Michael (September 2, 1987). "Trump Gives a Vague Hint of Candidacy". The New York Times. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
- ^ Kurtz, Howard (September 2, 1987). "Between the Lines of a Millionaire's Ad". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
- ^ Smith, Kyle (May 30, 2015). "Stop pretending – Donald Trump is not running for president". New York Post. Retrieved June 7, 2015.
- ^ Travis, Shannon (May 17, 2011). "Was he ever serious? How Trump strung the country along, again". CNN. Retrieved June 7, 2015.
- ^ a b Trump, Donald J. (February 19, 2000). "What I Saw at the Revolution". The New York Times.
- ^ Winger, Richard (December 25, 2011). "Donald Trump Ran For President in 2000 in Several Reform Party Presidential Primaries". Ballot Access News.
- ^ Johnson, Glen. "Donald Trump eyeing a run at the White House". Standard-Speaker. Hazelton, Pennsylvania.
- ^ "Ballot Access News – Donald Trump Ran For President in 2000 in Several Reform Party Presidential Primaries". ballot-access.org. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
- ^ "CA Secretary of State – Primary 2000 – Statewide Totals". ca.gov. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
- ^ Madison, Lucy (October 4, 2010). "Donald Trump for President in 2012?". CBS News. Retrieved October 4, 2010.
- ^ Zwick, Jesse (October 4, 2010). "Donald Trump for President?". The Washington Independent. Retrieved October 4, 2010.
- ^ Chang, Richard S. (February 19, 2009). "Trump: G.M. Should File for Bankruptcy". The New York Times.
- ^ Haberman, Maggie (March 7, 2011). "Trump Tops Romney, Pawlenty". WNBC-TV. New York. Retrieved March 7, 2011.
- ^ Schoen, Douglas (February 21, 2011). "Obama Hits 50 Percent Approval Rating, According to New Newsweek/Daily Beast Poll". Newsweek / Daily Beast Company LLC. Retrieved April 14, 2011.
- ^ Shahid, Aliyah (April 15, 2011). "Donald Trump takes lead in GOP primary poll, beats Romney, Huckabee, Palin, Gingrich, Bachmann, Paul". New York Daily News. Retrieved April 17, 2011.
- ^ "Public Policy Polling" (PDF). Retrieved September 25, 2011.
- ^ a b CNN Political Unit (May 16, 2011). "Trump not running for president". CNN. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
{{cite news}}
:|author=
has generic name (help) - ^ "Donald Trump says he might run for president. Three reasons he won't". The Christian Science Monitor. February 10, 2011. Retrieved April 21, 2011.
- ^ Linkins, Jason (February 11, 2011). "Donald Trump Brings His 'Pretend To Run For President' Act To CPAC". The Huffington Post. Retrieved April 21, 2011.
- ^ Collinson, Stephen; Diamond, Jeremy (September 16, 2016). "Trump finally admits it: 'President Barack Obama was born in the United States'". CNN.
- ^ Abramson, Alana (September 16, 2016). "How Donald Trump Perpetuated the 'Birther' Movement for Years". ABC News.
- ^ a b c Parker, Ashley; Eder, Steve (July 2, 2016). "Inside the Six Weeks Donald Trump Was a Nonstop 'Birther'". The New York Times.
- ^ a b Haberman, Maggie; Rappeport, Alan (September 16, 2016). "Trump Drops False 'Birther' Theory, but Floats a New One: Clinton Started It". The New York Times.
- ^ Kiely, Eugene (September 19, 2016). "Trump Surrogates Spin 'Birther' Narrative". FactCheck.org.
- ^ a b Shear, Michael D. (April 27, 2011). "With Document, Obama Seeks to End 'Birther' Issue". The New York Times. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
- ^ "Trump claims Obama birth certificate 'missing'". CNN. April 25, 2011. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
- ^ Farley, Robert (April 7, 2011). "Donald Trump Says President Obama's grandmother caught on tape saying she witnessed his birth in Kenya". PolitiFact.com. Retrieved August 25, 2016.
- ^ "Affidavit of Reverend Kweli Shuhubia" (PDF). FactCheck.org. United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. October 30, 2008. Retrieved May 27, 2016.
- ^ Madison, Lucy (April 27, 2011). "Trump takes credit for Obama birth certificate release, but wonders 'is it real?'". CBS News. Retrieved May 9, 2011.
- ^ "Donald J. Trump – Biography". The Trump Organization. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
In 2011, after failed attempts by both Senator McCain and Hillary Clinton, Mr. Trump single handedly forced President Obama to release his birth certificate, which was lauded by large segments of the political community.
- ^ Keneally, Meghan (September 18, 2015). "Donald Trump's History of Raising Birther Questions About President Obama". ABC News. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
- ^ Lee, MJ (July 9, 2015). "Trump says he still doesn't know where Obama was born". CNN. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
- ^ "Anderson Cooper 360 Degrees: Transcript". CNN. July 9, 2015.
I really don't know. I mean, I don't know why he wouldn't release his records. But you know, honestly, I don't want to get into it.
- ^ Madison, Lucy (April 26, 2011). "Trump: How did Obama get into the Ivy League?". CBS News. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
- ^ Goldstein, David (September 19, 2016). "It's one person's word against another on the birther rumor". Retrieved December 7, 2016.
- ^ Gahr, Evan. "Media 'Fact-Checkers' Erase Sidney Blumenthal's Key Role in Obama Birther Muck". The New York Observer. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
- ^ "GOProud Leads 'Trump In 2012' Movement At CPAC". Towleroad.com. February 10, 2011.
- ^ "Gay GOProud Founder Chris Barron Launches Loathsome 'LGBT for Trump' Campaign: WATCH". Towleroad.com. June 15, 2016.
- ^ Moody, Chris (March 3, 2016). "Gay conservatives who helped kickstart Trump's GOP career have serious regrets". CNN.
- ^ Cunion, William. "White Knights to the Rescue! The Non-Candidates of 2012" in The 2012 Nomination and the Future of the Republican Party, pp. 47–48 (William J. Miller, ed., 2013). Cunion writes that Trump never got above 17 percent in polls against the rest of the Republican field, but at least one exception was a PPP poll in April 2011 that put him at 26%. See Jensen, Tom. "Trump collapses", Public Policy Polling Blog (May 10, 2011).
- ^ "Donald Trump to address CPAC". Yahoo! News. Retrieved March 6, 2013.
- ^ Madison, Lucy (March 15, 2013). "Trump: Immigration reform a "suicide mission" for GOP". CBS News.
- ^ Amira, Dan (March 15, 2013). "Photos of Donald Trump Delivering His Self-Aggrandizing CPAC Speech to a Half-Empty Ballroom". New York (magazine).
- ^ PageSix.com Staff (May 27, 2013). "Trump researching 2016 run". Page Six.
- ^ Spector, Joseph (October 14, 2013). "N.Y. Republicans want Donald Trump to run for governor". USA Today. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
- ^ Baragona, Justin (February 13, 2014). "Donald Trump Would Get Absolutely Buried By Andrew Cuomo In Race For New York Governor".
- ^ Mooney, Chris. "Dear Donald Trump: Winter Does Not Disprove Global Warming". The Huffington Post. Retrieved July 12, 2015.
- ^ Feely, Paul (February 27, 2015). "Trump won't renew 'Apprentice' so that he might focus on a presidential run". New Hampshire Union Leader.
- ^ Martosko, David (May 12, 2015). "Exclusive: Trump trademarked slogan 'Make America Great Again' just days after the 2012 election and says Ted Cruz has agreed not to use it again after Scott Walker booms it twice in speech". Daily Mail.
- ^ "Tycoon with towering ambition". fultonhistory.com. February 8, 1988. Retrieved August 11, 2016.
- ^ "Trump endorses McCain". CNN. September 18, 2008. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
- ^ Lee, MJ; Moody, Chris (September 3, 2015). "Donald Trump signs RNC loyalty pledge". CNN. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
- ^ "Donald Trump (NY-R-I-D-R-NP-R) Has Twice Dumped The GOP, But Remains A Republican At Press Time". The Smoking Gun. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
- ^ Newkirk, Zachary (February 17, 2011). "Donald Trump's Donations to Democrats, Club for Growth's Busy Day and More in Capital Eye Opener". Center for Responsive Politics, OpenSecrets.org.
- ^ Cabaniss, Will (July 9, 2015). "Donald Trump's campaign contributions to Democrats and Republicans". PolitiFact.com.
- ^ "Trump endorses Romney, cites tough China position and electability". Fox News. February 2, 2012.
- ^ Lerner, Adam B. (June 17, 2015). "Donald Trump names his favorite prez: Bill Clinton". Politico.
- ^ "Morning Joe: Trump weighs in on best president". MSNBC. June 17, 2015.
- ^ a b O'Harrow, Jr., Robert (October 16, 2015). "Trump swam in mob-infested waters in early years as an NYC developer". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 16, 2015.
- ^ Goldstock, Ronald (January 1, 1991). "Corruption and Racketeering in the New York City Construction Industry: Final Report to Governor Mario M. Cuomo". New York State Organized Crime Task Force: 120. ISBN 978-0-8147-3034-8. Retrieved March 9, 2016.
- ^ "Restoring the Public Trust: A Blueprint for Government Integrity". New York State Commission on Government Integrity. 18 (2 Article 3): 177–179. 1990. Retrieved March 9, 2016.
- ^ "Here's Donald Trump's Presidential Announcement Speech". Time. June 16, 2015.
- ^ Walsh, Kenneth T. (August 15, 2016). "Trump: Media Is 'Dishonest and Corrupt'". U.S. News & World Report.
'If the disgusting and corrupt media covered me honestly and didn't put false meaning into the words I say, I would be beating Hillary by 20 percent,' Trump also tweeted Sunday.
- ^ Koppel, Ted (July 24, 2016). "Trump: "I feel I'm an honest person"". CBS News.
'Well, I think that I'm an honest person,' Trump said. 'I feel I'm an honest person. And I don't mind being criticized at all by the media, but I do wanna – you know, I do want them to be straight about it.'
- ^ Blake, Aaron (July 6, 2015). "Donald Trump is waging war on political correctness. And he's losing". The Washington Post.
- ^ Cillizza, Chris (June 14, 2016). "This Harvard study is a powerful indictment of the media's role in Donald Trump's rise". The Washington Post.
- ^ Confessore, Nicholas (March 26, 2016). "How the G.O.P. Elite Lost Its Voters to Donald Trump". The New York Times.
- ^ Stewart, Emily (February 24, 2016). "Donald Trump Nomination Would Forever Change the Republican Party". TheStreet.
- ^ Ohlheiser, Abby (June 3, 2016). "Anti-Semitic Trump supporters made a giant list of people to target with a racist meme". The Washington Post.
- ^ Krieg, Gregory (August 25, 2016). "Clinton is attacking the 'Alt-Right' – What is it?". CNN. Retrieved August 25, 2016.
- ^ Sevastopulo, Demetri. "'Alt-right' movement makes mark on US presidential election". Financial Times.
- ^ "White Nationalists and the Alt-Right Celebrate Trump's Victory". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved November 10, 2016.
- ^ "Clickbait scoops and an engaged alt-right: everything to know about Breitbart News". The Guardian. November 15, 2016. Retrieved November 18, 2016.
- ^ "Trump supporter charged after sucker-punching protester at North Carolina rally". The Washington Post. March 11, 2016. Retrieved August 31, 2016.
- ^ "Ugly, bloody scenes in San Jose as protesters attack Trump supporters outside rally". The Washington Post. June 3, 2016. Retrieved August 31, 2016.
- ^ Diamond, Jeremy (May 28, 2016). "Pro-Trump, anti-Trump groups clash in San Diego". CNN. Retrieved August 31, 2016.
- ^ Farhi, Paul (February 26, 2016). "Think Trump's wrong? Fact checkers can tell you how often. (Hint: A lot.)". The Washington Post.
- ^ Stelter, Brian (September 26, 2016). "The weekend America's newspapers called Donald Trump a liar". CNN.
- ^ Flitter, Emily; Oliphant, James (August 28, 2015). "Best president ever! How Trump's love of hyperbole could backfire". Reuters.
Trump's penchant for exaggeration could backfire – he risks promising voters more than he can deliver... Optimistic exaggeration... is a hallmark of the cutthroat New York real estate world where many developers, accustomed to ramming their way into deals, puff up their portfolios. 'A little hyperbole never hurts,' he wrote... For Trump, exaggerating has always been a frequent impulse, especially when the value of his Trump brand is disputed.
- ^ Agence France-Presse (August 16, 2016). "Trump tics: Making hyperbole great again" – via Yahoo! News.
- ^ "Lucas Graves". October 26, 2012. Retrieved December 14, 2016.
- ^ Graves, Lucas (August 10, 2016). ""Deciding what's true" with Lucas Graves". WORT. This is an audio interview of Graves, author of Deciding What's True: The Rise of Political Fact-Checking in American Journalism (Columbia University Press 2016). Note particularly the portion of audio beginning at 50:30.
- ^ McCammon, Sarah. "Donald Trump's Controversial Speech Often Walks The Line", NPR (August 10, 2016): "Many of Trump's opaque statements seem to rely on suggestion and innuendo."
- ^ Linshi, Jack (July 7, 2015). "More People Are Running for Presidential Nomination Than Ever". Time. Retrieved February 14, 2016.
- ^ Howell, Kellan (March 9, 2016). "Donald Trump helps GOP presidential debates break TV ratings records". Time. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
- ^ "Donald Trump, Ted Cruz Angling For One-On-One Republican Race". Fortune. March 6, 2016.
- ^ Bump, Philip (March 23, 2016). "Why Donald Trump is poised to win the nomination and lose the general election, in one poll". The Washington Post.
- ^ Nussbaum, Matthew (May 3, 2016). "RNC Chairman: Trump is our nominee". Politico.com. Retrieved May 4, 2016.
- ^ Bump, Philip. "Trump got the most GOP votes ever — both for and against him — and other fun facts". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
- ^ Berenson, Tessa (May 5, 2016). "Donald Trump Tells West Virginia Primary Voters to Stay Home". Time.
- ^ "Fuller picture emerges of man arrested at Trump rally". Associated Press.
- ^ Hartig, Hannah; Lapinski, John; Psyllos, Stephanie (July 19, 2016). "Poll: Clinton and Trump Now Tied as GOP Convention Kicks Off". NBC News.
- ^ "2016 General Election: Trump vs. Clinton". Retrieved October 3, 2016.
- ^ "General Election: Trump vs. Clinton". RealClearPolitics. Retrieved October 3, 2016.
- ^ Barro, Josh (July 14, 2016). "The polls are swinging against Hillary Clinton because she gave voters reason to distrust her". Business Insider.
- ^ Ahmadian, Sara; Azarshahi, Sara; Paulhus, Delroy L. (March 1, 2017). "Explaining Donald Trump via communication style: Grandiosity, informality, and dynamism". Personality and Individual Differences. 107: 49–53. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.11.018.
- ^ Logevall, Fredrik; Osgood, Kenneth (August 29, 2016). "Why Did We Stop Teaching Political History?". The New York Times. Retrieved January 2, 2017.
- ^ Levingston, Ivan (July 15, 2016). "Donald Trump officially names Mike Pence for VP". CNBC.
- ^ "Trump closes the deal, becomes Republican nominee for president". Fox News Channel. July 19, 2016.
- ^ Timm, Jane C. (July 17, 2016). "9 Elephants in the Room at RNC: Who's Missing From the Speakers List". NBC News. Retrieved August 16, 2016.
- ^ Raju, Manu (May 5, 2016). "Flake, McCain split over backing Trump". CNN. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
- ^ Frank, Jeffrey (July 20, 2016). "Trump, Inspired by Nixon?". The New Yorker. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
- ^ Battaglio, Stephen (July 22, 2016). "35 million TV viewers watch Donald Trump's acceptance speech at GOP convention". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
- ^ Director, Jennifer Agiesta, CNN. "Trump bounces into the lead". CNN. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
{{cite news}}
:|first=
has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Inc., Gallup,. "For First Time, Trump's Image on Par With Clinton's". Retrieved August 3, 2016.
{{cite web}}
:|last=
has generic name (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Election Update: Why Our Model Is Bullish On Trump, For Now". July 28, 2016. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
- ^ "Post-Democratic convention bounce: 7 points for Clinton". Retrieved August 3, 2016.
- ^ "Election Update: Clinton's Bounce Appears Bigger Than Trump's". August 1, 2016. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
- ^ "Romney calls decision by Trump not to release tax returns 'disqualifying'". Fox News Channel. May 11, 2016. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
- ^ Collinson, Stephen; Diamond, Jeremy; Khan, Hasan (February 25, 2016). "Donald Trump rejects Mitt Romney's ironic tax attack". CNN. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
- ^ "Trump says he can't release tax returns because of audits". CNN. February 26, 2016. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
- ^ a b Browning, Lynnley (February 26, 2016). "Trump's 12 Years of Audits 'Very Unusual,' Ex-IRS Agent Says". Bloomberg. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
- ^ Kopan, Tal (May 13, 2016). "Trump on his tax rate: 'None of your business'". CNN.
- ^ Wilhelm, Colin (January 24, 2016). "Trump vows to release his tax returns". Politico. Retrieved February 22, 2016.
It's a little tax
- ^ Rappeport, Alan (May 11, 2016). "Donald Trump Breaks With Recent History by Not Releasing Tax Returns". The New York Times. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
- ^ Stewart, Emily (August 27, 2016). "Would No Tax Lawyer Advise Trump Release His Tax Returns? It's Complicated". TheStreet.com.
- ^ Zarroli, Jim (February 26, 2016). "Fact-Check: Donald Trump Can't Release His Taxes While Being Audited?". NPR.
- ^ Campbell, Colin (January 30, 2016). "Donald Trump's plane landing in Iowa – Business Insider". Business Insider. Retrieved April 22, 2016.
- ^ "'Trump Force One' the plane that carries Donald Trump from campaign stop to campaign stop – KTAR.com". KTAR.com. August 2, 2015. Retrieved April 22, 2016.
- ^ Central, 2016 Election (September 23, 2015). "2016 Presidential Debate Schedule". Retrieved September 30, 2016.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Stelter, Brian (September 27, 2016). "Debate breaks record as most-watched in U.S. history". CNNMoney. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
- ^ "US presidential debate: Trump won't commit to accept election result". BBC News. October 20, 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2016.
- ^ "How US media reacted to the third presidential debate". ABC News. October 20, 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2016.
- ^ Amanda Sakuma, "Donald Trump Surrogates Have Their Own Baggage With Women Voters" NBC News, October 26, 2016.
- "newly unearthed audio recordings showed Trump bragging about forcibly kissing women and grabbing them by the genitals."
- ^ Tracy Jan, "More women accuse Trump of aggressive sexual behavior", Boston Globe, October 14, 2016.
- "Trump has been confronted with a slew of allegations of sexual misconduct over the past week, starting with a report in The Washington Post of a 2005 tape featuring him bragging about forcibly kissing women and grabbing them by the genitals."
- ^ :"US presidential debate recap: Polls split on whether Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton won poisonous argument", The Telegraph', October 13, 2016.
- "it was a matter of minutes before the lewd tape, in which Mr Trump brags about grabbing p----" and forcibly kissing women, was brought up."
- ^ a b c Fahrenthold, David A. (October 8, 2016). "Trump recorded having extremely lewd conversation about women in 2005". The Washington Post.
- ^ Marans, Daniel (October 8, 2016). "Donald Trump Made Lewd Comments While Melania Was Pregnant". The Huffington Post. Retrieved December 27, 2016.
- ^ Burns, Alexander; Haberman, Maggie; Martin, Jonathan (October 7, 2016). "Donald Trump Apology Caps Day of Outrage Over Lewd Tape". The New York Times. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
- ^ Jensen, Salvatore (October 8, 2016). "Donald Trump's vulgar conversation about women caught on hot mic". Cosumnes Connection. Archived from the original on October 9, 2016. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
- ^ Hagen, Lisa (October 7, 2016). "Kaine on lewd Trump tapes: 'Makes me sick to my stomach'". The New York Times. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
- ^ Stacey, Madison (October 8, 2016). "Pence to fill in for Donald Trump Saturday following video leak". WXIN-TV. Indianapolis, Indiana. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
- ^ Blake, Aaron (October 8, 2016). "Here's the fast-growing list of Republicans calling for Donald Trump to drop out". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
- ^ Nelson, Libby; Frostenson, Sarah (October 20, 2016). "A brief guide to the 17 women Trump has allegedly assaulted, groped or harassed". Vox Media. Vox. Retrieved October 21, 2016.
- ^ Helderman, Rosiland. "The growing list of women who have stepped forward to accuse Trump of touching them inappropriately". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
- ^ Stableford, Dylan (October 17, 2016). "The women who have accused Donald Trump". Yahoo News. Retrieved October 18, 2016.
- ^ Byers, Dylan (October 12, 2016). "Donald Trump threatens to sue New York Times over sexual harassment report". CNNMoney. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
- ^ "Trump demands NYT retracts 'libelous article' about alleged assault as new claims emerge". Fox News. October 13, 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
- ^ Healy, Patrick; Rappeport, Alan (October 13, 2016). "Donald Trump Calls Allegations by Women 'False Smears'". The New York Times. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
- ^ ""I never said I'm a perfect person," Trump says about lewd comments". Retrieved December 11, 2016.
- ^ CNN, Jeremy Diamond. "Trump issues defiant apology for lewd remarks". CNN. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
{{cite news}}
:|last=
has generic name (help) - ^ http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-russia-clinton-20170107-story.html
- ^ a b Entous, Adam; Nakashima, Ellen; Miller, Greg (December 9, 2016). "Secret CIA assessment says Russia was trying to help Trump win White House". The Washington Post.
- ^ "Official: FBI Backs CIA Conclusion on Russian Hacking Motive". New York Times. Associated Press. Retrieved December 18, 2016.
- ^ a b Sanger, David E.; Shane, Scott (December 9, 2016). "Russian Hackers Acted to Aid Trump in Election, U.S. Says". The New York Times. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
- ^ Rachael Revesz (December 15, 2016). "Donald Trump 'obviously aware' Russia was involved in US election hacking, White House states". The Independent. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
{{cite news}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ "Trump plans to revamp top US intelligence agency, restructure CIA". Fox News. January 4, 2017. Retrieved January 8, 2017.
- ^ Chang, Alvin (November 9, 2016). "Trump will be the 4th president to win the Electoral College after getting fewer votes than his opponent". Vox. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
- ^ "2016 Presidential Election". National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
- ^ Price, Greg. "Popular Vote Update: Why Hillary Clinton Didn't Win A Majority Of The Electorate", International Business Times (November 17, 2016).
- ^ Leip, David (December 20, 2016). "2016 Presidential General Election Results". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Newton, Massachusetts. Retrieved December 20, 2016.
- ^ Berger, Arielle. "The last time a losing candidate had a wider popular vote margin than Clinton was in 1876 — here's the bizarre story". Business Insider. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
- ^ Weber, Peter. "Donald Trump will be the first U.S. president with no government or military experience", The Week (November 9, 2016).
- ^ Yomtov, Jesse. "Where Trump ranks among least experienced presidents", USA Today (Nov. 8, 2016): "Donald Trump is the first person elected president with zero government or military experience."
- ^ a b Crockett, Zachary (November 11, 2016). "Donald Trump will be the only US president ever with no political or military experience". Vox. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
- ^ Cydney Adams (November 8, 2016). "Donald Trump could win election without his home state, and that's pretty rare". CBS News.
- ^ Tani, Maxwell (November 9, 2016). "Trump pulls off biggest upset in U.S. history". Politico. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
- ^ Cohn, Nate (November 9, 2016). "Why Trump Won: Working-Class Whites". The New York Times. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
- ^ LaCapria, Kim. "Republicans Last Controlled in 1928 and Depression Followed?". Snopes. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
- ^ Darcy, Oliver (November 9, 2016). "'It's time for us to come together': Trump strikes conciliatory tone in victory speech". Business Insider. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
- ^ Swift, Andy (November 9, 2016). "Donald Trump Makes First Speech as President-Elect, Thanks Hillary Clinton for Her 'Service' — Watch Video". Yahoo. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
- ^ "Anti-Trump protests move through fifth day". CNN. November 14, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
- ^ Cummings, William (November 11, 2016). "Trump calls protests 'unfair' in first controversial tweet as president-elect". USA Today. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
- ^ Colson, Thomas (November 11, 2016). "Trump says protesters have 'passion for our great country' after calling demonstrations 'very unfair'". Business Insider. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
- ^ Vincent, James (November 11, 2016). "Trump complains about 'unfair' protestors, deletes his tweets calling for revolution in 2012". The Verge. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
- ^ Davis, Julie (November 10, 2016). "Trump and Obama Hold Cordial 90-Minute Meeting in Oval Office". The New York Times. Retrieved November 10, 2016.
- ^ "Donald Trump meets Barack Obama - five awkward photos". BBC. November 10, 2016. Retrieved January 7, 2017.
- ^ Keneally, Meghan; Santucci, John; Margolin, Josh (November 11, 2016). "Donald Trump Replaces Chris Christie With Mike Pence as Head of Transition Team". ABC News. Retrieved November 17, 2016.
- ^ Shear, Michael D.; Haberman, Maggie; Rappeport, Alan (November 13, 2016). "Donald Trump Picks Reince Priebus as Chief of Staff". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
- ^ "President-elect Trump names Steve Bannon and Reince Priebus to his senior White House leadership team". Yahoo News. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
- ^ Lichtblau, Eric (November 18, 2016). "Jeff Sessions, as Attorney General, Could Overhaul Department He's Skewered". The New York Times. Retrieved November 18, 2016.
- ^ Rosenberg, Matthew; Haberman, Maggie (November 17, 2016). "Trump Is Said to Offer National Security Post to Michael Flynn, Retired General". The New York Times. Retrieved November 18, 2016.
- ^ Smith, David (November 23, 2016). "Betsy Devos, billionaire philanthropist, picked as Trump education secretary". The Guardian. Retrieved November 23, 2016.
- ^ Costa, Robert (November 23, 2016). "Gov. Nikki Haley tapped to be Trump's U.N. ambassador". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 23, 2016.
- ^ Mattingly, Phil; Wright, David. "Trump picks Elaine Chao for transportation secretary". CNN. Retrieved November 29, 2016.
- ^ "Trump picks Congressman Tom Price as health and human services secretary". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 29, 2016.
- ^ Gabriel, Trip (December 5, 2016). "Trump Chooses Ben Carson to Lead HUD". The New York Times. Retrieved December 5, 2016.
- ^ "Former US banker Steve Mnuchin confirms he will be US treasury secretary". BBC News. November 30, 2016. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
- ^ Zarroli, Jim (November 30, 2016). "Trump Taps Billionaire Investor Wilbur Ross For Commerce Secretary". NPR. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
- ^ Lamothe, Dan. "Trump has chosen retired Marine Gen. James Mattis for secretary of defense". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 1, 2016.
- ^ "Donald Trump picks John Kelly, Retired General, to lead Homeland Security". The New York Times. December 7, 2016. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
- ^ Scheiber, Noam (December 8, 2016). "Trump Labor pick, Andrew Puzder, is critic of Minimum Wage Increases". The New York Times. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
- ^ "Rex Tillerson, Exxon C.E.O., chosen as Secretary of State". December 12, 2016. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
- ^ "Rick Perry, Ex-governor of Texas, is Trump's pick as Energy Secretary". The New York Times. December 13, 2016. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
- ^ "President-elect Donald J. Trump intends to nominate U.S. Congressman Ryan Zinke as Secretary of the Interior". Trump Transition Team. December 15, 2016. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
- ^ "Trump outlines plan for first 100 days in YouTube video". Fox News. November 22, 2016. Retrieved December 1, 2016.
- ^ Real Entertainment Tube (November 21, 2016). "Donald Trump outlines policy plan for first 100 days – Trump's latest Video Update on Transition" – via YouTube.
- ^ Gibbs, Nancy (December 7, 2016). "Why Donald Trump is TIME's Person of the Year". Time. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
- ^ Kim, Eun Kyung (December 7, 2016). "Donald Trump: Mitt Romney is still in the running for secretary of state". TODAY.com. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
- ^ Davis, Julie Hirschfeld (December 7, 2016). "Mitt Romney Still in the Running for Secretary of State, Trump Says". The New York Times. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
- ^ Donald Trump: Financial Times Person of the Year. Financial Times. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
- ^ "The World's Most Powerful People". Forbes. December 2016. Retrieved December 14, 2016.
- ^ Kazin, Michael (March 22, 2016). "How Can Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders Both Be 'Populist'?". The New York Times.
- ^ Becker, Bernie (February 13, 2016). "Trump's 6 populist positions". Politico.
- ^ a b "Tax Reform | Donald J Trump for President". Donaldjtrump.com. Retrieved January 6, 2016.
- ^ Max Ehrenfreund, Liberals will love something Donald Trump said last night, Washington Post (December 16, 2015).
- ^ Shafer, Jack. "Did We Create Trump?", Politico (May 2016): "Trump's outrageous comments about John McCain, Muslims, the 14th Amendment and all the rest..."
- ^ Trump, Donald J.; Schwartz, Tony (1987). Trump: The Art of the Deal. Random House. p. 56. ISBN 978-0446353250.
If you are a little different, or a little outrageous, or if you do things that are bold or controversial, the press is going to write about you.
- ^ a b Fahrenthold, David A. (August 17, 2015). "20 times Donald Trump has changed his mind since June". The Washington Post.
- ^ Hensch, Mark (July 12, 2015). "'Meet the Press' tracks Trump's flip-flops". The Hill.
- ^ a b Noah, Timothy (July 26, 2015). "Will the real Donald Trump please stand up?". Politico.
- ^ a b c Timm, Jane C. "A Full List of Donald Trump's Rapidly Changing Policy Positions". NBC News. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
- ^ a b Cannon, Carl (July 21, 2015). "Why Donald Trump Didn't Run as a Democrat". RealClearPolitics.
- ^ "Details and Analysis of Donald Trump's Tax Plan". The Tax Foundation. Retrieved July 17, 2016.
- ^ Jacobson, Louis (May 19, 2016). "Elizabeth Warren gets better of Donald Trump on his stance on abolishing federal minimum wage". PolitiFact.com. Retrieved May 23, 2016.
- ^ Greenberg, Jon (July 26, 2016). "Sanders: Trump would allow states to lower the minimum wage". PolitiFact.com. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
- ^ Jacobson, Louis (July 28, 2016). "Donald Trump gets a Full Flop for stance on minimum wage". PolitiFact.com. Retrieved July 30, 2016.
- ^ "White House battle set to chill US economy, says FT survey". Financial Times.
- ^ Timiraos, Nick. "Prominent Economists, Including Eight Nobel Laureates: 'Do Not Vote for Donald Trump'". WSJ. Retrieved November 1, 2016.
- ^ "What a Donald Trump presidency would do to the global economy". Washington Post. Retrieved September 19, 2016.
- ^ Rubin, Richard (October 11, 2016). "Presidential Candidates' Plans Would Carry Tax Code in Different Directions". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved October 11, 2016.
- ^ "A new study says Trump would raise taxes for millions. Trump's campaign insists he won't". Washington Post. Retrieved October 11, 2016.
- ^ Timiraos, Nick (June 20, 2016). "U.S. Economy Would Be 'Diminished' Under Trump's Economic Plan, New Analysis Says". Wall Street Journal.
- ^ Davis, Bob (September 19, 2016). "Trump Trade Plan Could Push U.S. into Recession, Study Says". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved September 19, 2016.
- ^ "Trump Tax Plan Seen Adding Jobs, Then Erasing Them Long-Term". Bloomberg. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
- ^ "Details and Analysis of the Donald Trump Tax Reform Plan, September 2016". The Tax Foundation. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
- ^ Maggie Haberman, Donald Trump Says He Favors Big Tariffs on Chinese Exports, The New York Times (January 7, 2016).
- ^ "Lawrence Solomon: Donald Trump's protectionism fits right in with Republicans". Retrieved July 22, 2016.
- ^ Epstein, Reid J.; Nelson, Colleen McCain (June 28, 2016). "Donald Trump Lays Out Protectionist Views in Trade Speech". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
- ^ Appelbaum, Binyamin (March 10, 2016). "On Trade, Donald Trump Breaks With 200 Years of Economic Orthodoxy". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
- ^ "Trump calls NAFTA a "disaster"". 60 Minutes, CBS. September 25, 2015.
- ^ "Election 2016: Your money, your vote. Yes, 'President Trump' really could kill NAFTA – but it wouldn't be pretty". CNN. July 6, 2016. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
- ^ a b "President Trump? Among U.S. allies, Japan may be one of the most anxious about that idea". Los Angeles Times. June 26, 2016. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
- ^ Lane, Charles (October 21, 2015). "Donald Trump's contempt for the free market". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
- ^ Haberman, Maggie (January 7, 2016). "Donald Trump Says He Favors Big Tariffs on Chinese Exports". The New York Times — First Draft. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
- ^ "Trump: I'm Running Against Clinton, Not 'Rest of the World'". Retrieved July 31, 2016.
- ^ Needham, Vicki (July 24, 2016). "Trump suggests leaving WTO over import tax proposal". Retrieved July 31, 2016.
- ^ "An America first energy plan" (Press release). May 26, 2016. Retrieved December 3, 2016.
- ^ Mufson, Steven (November 29, 2016). "Trump's energy policy team includes climate change skeptic, free-market advocate". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 3, 2016.
- ^ Parker, Ashley; Davenport, Coral (May 26, 2016). "Donald Trump's Energy Plan: More Fossil Fuels and Fewer Rules". The New York Times.
- ^ Samenow, Jason (March 22, 2016). "Donald Trump's unsettling nonsense on weather and climate". The Washington Post.
- ^ a b Ehrenfreund, Max (July 22, 2015). "Here's what Donald Trump really believes". The Washington Post.
- ^ "What Donald Trump said about the Chinese inventing the 'hoax' of climate change". PolitiFact.com. Retrieved May 16, 2016.
- ^ Nelson D. Schwartz. May 21, 2016. Economic Promises a President Trump Could (and Couldn't) Keep The New York Times. Retrieved May 22, 2016
- ^ "Trump to scrap Nasa climate research in crackdown on 'politicized science'". The Guardian. November 23, 2016. Retrieved November 23, 2016.
- ^ Jr, David B. Rivkin; Grossman, Andrew M. (November 20, 2016). "Trump Can Ax the Clean Power Plan by Executive Order". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved November 25, 2016.
- ^ "In Their Own Words: 2016 Presidential Candidates on Climate Change" (PDF). Retrieved July 12, 2016.
- ^ Meyer, Robinson (November 22, 2016). "What Does Trump Think About Climate Change? He Doesn't Know Either". The Atlantic. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
- ^ Kopan, Tal (December 5, 2016). "Donald Trump meets with Al Gore on climate change". CNN. Retrieved December 5, 2016.
- ^ Cassidy, John (February 29, 2016). "Donald Trump Is Transforming the G.O.P. Into a Populist, Nativist Party". The New Yorker. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
- ^ a b Philip Rucker (March 21, 2016). "Trump questions need for NATO, outlines noninterventionist foreign policy". The Washington Post.
- ^ a b "Donald Trump, American Nationalist". The National Interest. November 3, 2015.
- ^ Amanpour, Christiane (July 22, 2016). "Donald Trump's speech: 'America first,' but an America absent from the world". CNN.
- ^ "AIPAC and foreign policy". The Economist. March 22, 2016.
- ^ Sanger, David E.; Haberman, Maggie (July 20, 2016). "Donald Trump Sets Conditions for Defending NATO Allies Against Attack". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
- ^ "What's Trump's Position on NATO?". factcheck.org. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
- ^ "Full Rush Transcript: Donald Trump, CNN Milwaukee Republican Presidential Town Hall". CNN. Retrieved June 26, 2016.
- ^ "Trump once called for sending US ground troops to fight ISIS and "take that oil"". motherjones.com.
- ^ Gaouette, Nicole (March 11, 2016). "Trump wants 30,000 troops. Would that defeat ISIS?". CNN. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
- ^ "Trump Calls for 20,000–30,000 Troops to Fight ISIS". The Weekly Standard. March 10, 2016. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
- ^ "The Latest: Trump backtracks on US forces to fight militants". U.S. News & World Report. Associated Press. March 21, 2016. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
- ^ Raw Story (December 2, 2015). "Donald Trump on ISIS: 'You have to take out their families'". Retrieved December 14, 2016 – via YouTube.
- ^ a b McCarthy, Tom. "Donald Trump: I'd bring back 'a hell of a lot worse than waterboarding'". The Guardian. Retrieved February 8, 2016.
- ^ a b "Ted Cruz, Donald Trump Advocate Bringing Back Waterboarding". ABC News. February 6, 2016. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
- ^ Begley, Sarah. "Read Donald Trump's Speech to AIPAC". Time. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
- ^ Sherman, Amy (March 1, 2016). Would Donald Trump be 'neutral' between Israel and its enemies? Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved April 10, 2016.
- ^ Trump: Israel should 'keep going' with settlements expansions Orly Azoulay, ynetews
- ^ a b Finnegan, Michael (July 12, 2016). Trump sticks to false statement that he opposed Iraq war from the start. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
- ^ "Donald Trump Again Said He Opposed the War in Iraq. It's Still Not True". Fortune. September 26, 2016.
- ^ a b Kiely, Eugene (February 19, 2016). "Donald Trump and the Iraq War". Factcheck.org. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
- ^ "2003 clip backs up Trump on Iraq War opposition", Fox News Channel (September 27, 2016). cf. "What Donald Trump said about the Iraq War in 2003". Fox Business via YouTube. September 27, 2016. Retrieved November 5, 2016. Event occurs at 1:15.
- ^ Concha, Joe. "'False' rating on Trump Iraq stance should be at least 'half true'", The Hill (September 29, 2016).
- ^ Greenberg, Don (February 16, 2016). "It's true: Donald Trump once supported impeaching George W. Bush". Retrieved February 20, 2016.
- ^ "Republican debate: Donald Trump, Jeb Bush engage in bitter clash over Iraq war, Bush family and Trump's business dealings". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. February 14, 2016. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
- ^ a b CNN, Tom LoBianco. "Donald Trump on Afghanistan: Not a mistake". CNN. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
{{cite news}}
:|last=
has generic name (help) - ^ "AP FACT CHECK: Trump displays spotty memory on his views about Libya in debate". Retrieved July 22, 2016.
- ^ Sharockman, Aaron (February 25, 2016). "Donald Trump's Pants on Fire claim he never discussed Libya intervention". PolitiFact.com.
- ^ Lowe, Josh (February 26, 2016). "Donald Trump: U.S. Should Have Left Qaddafi In Power". Newsweek. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
- ^ "Trump says Putin is 'not going to go into Ukraine,' despite Crimea". CNN. August 1, 2016.
- ^ Fisher, Max (July 28, 2016). "Donald Trump's Appeal to Russia Shocks Foreign Policy Experts". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
- ^ "Trump suggests U.S. accept Russia's annexation of Crimea". PBS. August 1, 2016.
- ^ Winsor, Morgan (July 28, 2016). "Trump: 'I Was Being Sarcastic' About Russia Finding Clinton's Emails". ABC News. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
- ^ "Trump urges Russia to hack Clinton's emails as Pence condemns cyber-spying". Associated Press. July 27, 2016. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
- ^ Galston, William A. (November 17, 2015). "Trump Rides a Blue-Collar Wave". The Wall Street Journal.
- ^ Stephen Loiaconi, Experts: Trump's border wall could be costly, ineffective, Sinclair Broadcast Group (August 18, 2015).
- ^ Johnson, Jenna (May 13, 2016). "Trump: All policy proposals are just flexible suggestions". The Washington Post.
- ^ Woodward, Bob (April 5, 2016). "Trump reveals how he would force Mexico to pay for border wall". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
- ^ Hamilton, Keegan. "The US already has a border wall and it's basically useless", Vice News (November 3, 2016).
- ^ Maachi, Victoria et al. "President-elect Trump Shifts Positions on Some Campaign Promises", Voice of America (November 24, 2016): "Nearly a third of the 3,200-kilometer (2,000-mile) border between the U.S. and Mexico already has a border wall of some type."
- ^ Donald Trump emphasizes plans to build 'real' wall at Mexico border, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, August 19, 2015, retrieved September 29, 2015
- ^ Oh, Inae (August 19, 2015). "Donald Trump: The 14th Amendment is Unconstitutional". Mother Jones. Retrieved November 22, 2015.
- ^ Scott, Eugene. "Trump: My Muslim friends don't support my immigration ban", CNN (December 13, 2015).
- ^ Barro, Josh. "How Unpopular Is Trump's Muslim Ban? Depends How You Ask", The New York Times (December 15, 2015): "Donald J. Trump's proposal to bar Muslim noncitizens from entering the United States..."
- ^ Colvin, Jill; Barrow, Bill (December 14, 2015). "Donald Trump's supporters see plenty of sense in views that his critics denounce". U.S. News & World Report.
He said American citizens, including Muslim members of the military, would be exempt, as would certain world leaders and athletes coming to the U.S. to compete.
- ^ Johnson, Jenna. "Trump now says Muslim ban only applies to those from terrorism-heavy countries", Chicago Tribune (June 25, 2016): "[A] reporter asked Trump if [he] would be OK with a Muslim from Scotland coming into the United States and he said it 'wouldn't bother me.' Afterward, [spokeswoman] Hicks said in an email that Trump's ban would now just apply to Muslims in terror states..."
- ^ Detrow, Scott. Trump Calls To Ban Immigration From Countries With 'Proven History Of Terrorism', NPR (June 13, 2016): "I will suspend immigration from areas of the world where there's a proven history of terrorism against the United States, Europe or our allies until we fully understand how to end these threats."
- ^ Park, Haeyoun (July 22, 2016). "Trump Vows to Stop Immigration From Nations 'Compromised' by Terrorism. How Could It Work?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
- ^ Johnson, Jenna (July 24, 2016). "Donald Trump is expanding his Muslim ban, not rolling it back". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 24, 2016.
- ^ Miller, Zeke J. (August 23, 2016). "Donald Trump Signals 'Softening' of Immigration Position". Time. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
- ^ Bradner, Eric (August 28, 2016). "Trump to give immigration speech amid major questions". CNN. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
- ^ "Donald Trump visits Mexico to build relations in the country". BBC World News. August 31, 2016. Retrieved August 31, 2016.
- ^ "Donald Trump Pivots Back to Hard-Line Immigration Stance". Time. August 31, 2016. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
- ^ "Trump retreats on deportations, vows no amnesty". Associated Press. September 1, 2016. Retrieved September 2, 2016.
- ^ Wright, David (April 21, 2016). "Trump: I would change GOP platform on abortion". CNN.
- ^ a b de Vogue, Ariane (November 15, 2016). "Trump: Same-sex marriage is 'settled,' but Roe v Wade can be changed". 60 Minutes. CBS. Retrieved November 30, 2016 – via CNN.
- ^ Gorman, Michele (May 20, 2016). "A brief history of Donald Trump's stance on gun rights". Newsweek.
- ^ Official website. Protecting our Second Amendment rights will make America great again. "There has been a national background check system in place since 1998 ... Too many states are failing to put criminal and mental health records into the system ... What we need to do is fix the system we have and make it work as intended." Retrieved: October 21, 2015.
- ^ Krieg, Gregory (June 20, 2016). "The times Trump changed his positions on guns". CNN.
- ^ February 27, 2015. (Excerpt from Donald Trump Remarks at CPAC). Donald Trump on Marijuana. C-Span. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
- ^ Diamond, Jeremy (December 11, 2015). "Trump: Death penalty for cop killers". Cable News Network (CNN). Retrieved March 15, 2016.
- ^ Foderaro, Lisa (May 1, 1989). "Angered by Attack, Trump Urges Return Of the Death Penalty". The New York Times. Retrieved March 15, 2016.
- ^ Levey, Noam (March 3, 2016). "Trump promised a 'beautiful' healthcare plan, but it's pretty basic". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
- ^ Kertscher, Tom. "Donald Trump wants to replace Obamacare with a single-payer health care system, GOP congressman says". PolitiFact.com. Retrieved December 5, 2015.
- ^ "Veterans Administration Reforms That Will Make America Great Again". Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. October 31, 2015. Retrieved November 1, 2015.
- ^ "Donald Trump on School Choice". American Principles in Action. Archived from the original on November 25, 2015. Retrieved November 25, 2015.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ Trump sets record for longest 2016 GOP announcement speech. Fox News Channel, June 16, 2015
- ^ Moser, Laura (January 26, 2016). "Trump Releases Video Airing His Completely Vague Views on Education and Common Core". Slate.
- ^ Richwine, Jason (October 23, 2015). Why Not Abolish the Department of Education? National Review. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
- ^ Michaud, Sarah (October 3, 2011). "Donald Trump, Jr. Welcomes Son Tristan Milos". People. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
- ^ "Trump's daughter, Ivanka, gives birth to third child". Fox News Channel. March 27, 2016. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
- ^ "Melania Trump, the Silent Partner". The New York Times. October 1, 2015.
- ^ "After The Gold Rush". Vanity Fair. August 1990. Retrieved January 10, 2016. "They were married in New York during Easter of 1977. Mayor Beame attended the wedding at Marble Collegiate Church. Donald had already made his alliance with Roy Cohn, who would become his lawyer and mentor.
- ^ "Overlooked Influences on Donald Trump: A Famous Minister and His Church". The New York Times. September 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2016. "Mr. Trump married his first wife, Ivana, at Marble, in a ceremony performed by one of America's most famous ministers, the Rev. Norman Vincent Peale.
- ^ Alter, Charlotte (May 4, 2016). "A Reader's Guide to Donald Trump's Family". Time.
- ^ "Ivana Trump becomes U.S. citizen". Associated Press. May 27, 1988. Retrieved August 21, 2015.
- ^ Argetsinger, Amy (September 1, 2015). "Why does everyone call Donald Trump 'The Donald'? It's an interesting story". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 4, 2015.
- ^ Fleischer, Matt (January 25, 1999). "Trump vs Trump in Battle of the Exes". The New York Observer. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
- ^ Triggs, Charlotte (April 20, 2016). "Marla Maples Recalls 'Awful' Tabloid Scandal Surrounding Donald Trump's First Divorce, Says She Tried to Make Amends with Ivana: 'I Really Hope, for Her Sake, That She Can Forgive Me'". People. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
- ^ Brenner, Marie (September 1990). "After the Gold Rush". Vanity Fair. Retrieved August 21, 2015.
- ^ Lavin, Cheryl (February 18, 1990). "With 'Dynasty' Dead, Just Tune to the Trumps". The Chicago Tribune. Retrieved August 21, 2015.
- ^ "Ivana Trump Gets Her Day in Court, but for the Donald, April Could Be the Cruelest Month", People (magazine) (December 24, 1990).
- ^ Hylton, Richard D. (March 21, 1991). "Trumps Settle; She Gets $14 Million Plus". The New York Times. Retrieved August 21, 2015.
- ^ Baumgold, Julie (November 9, 1992). "Fighting Back: Trump Scrambles off the Canvas". New York. pp. 36, 40. "He suffered over her few weeks on the best-seller list and finally won his gag order..."
- ^ "Justices Won't Consider Lifting Ivana's Gag Order". Deseret News. October 23, 1992. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
- ^ Lacher, Irene (April 26, 1992). "Ivana's New Trump Card : The Donald's History, but His Ex Is Conquering Other Worlds, Including Price Club". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
- ^ Collins, Eliza (July 28, 2015). "Ivana Trump denies accusing Donald Trump of rape". Politico. "Donald and I are the best of friends and together have raised three children that we love and are very proud of. I have nothing but fondness for Donald and wish him the best of luck on his campaign. Incidentally, I think he would make an incredible president."
- ^ Graham, Ruth (July 20, 2016). "Tiffany Trump's Sad, Vague Tribute to Her Distant Father". Slate. Retrieved July 24, 2016.
- ^ "The Donald Bids Hearts For Marla Trump Wedding Draws 1,100 Friends, But Not Many Stars". Daily News. New York. December 21, 1993. Retrieved August 21, 2015.
- ^ Arena, Salvatore; Baker, K. C. (June 9, 1999). "Marla caves on prenup battle, takes $2 million in divorce". Daily News. New York. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
- ^ "Marla Maples Still Loves Donald Trump". People. August 2013.
- ^ "Trump always says 'I do' to having a prenup". Chicago Tribune. January 21, 2005.
- ^ Walloga, April (July 12, 2015). "Meet the wild-card Trump daughter no one is talking about". Business Insider. Retrieved June 29, 2016.
- ^ Johnson, Richard (April 30, 2004). "How Trump Iced the Deal: $2-Mil Sparkler for his Yugo Girl". The New York Post. Retrieved August 21, 2015.
- ^ a b Charles, Marissa (August 16, 2015). "Melania Trump would be a first lady for the ages". The New York Post. Retrieved August 21, 2015.
- ^ "The Donald is getting married – again". CNN. April 29, 2004. Retrieved January 10, 2016.
- ^ Gillin, Joshua (July 21, 2015). "The Clintons really did attend Donald Trump's 2005 wedding". PolitiFact.com (Tampa Bay Times/Miami Herald). Retrieved August 21, 2015.
- ^ Krueger, Alyson (June 27, 2011). "Top May 12–December Romances: Donald Trump and Melania Trump & Ivana Trump and Rossano Rubicondi (24 years)". Time. Retrieved August 29, 2015.
- ^ Brown, Tina (January 27, 2005). "Donald Trump, Settling Down". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 22, 2008.
- ^ Choron, Harry; Choron, Sandy (2011). Money. Chronicle Books. p. 251. ISBN 978-1-4521-0559-8.
- ^ "Donald Trump Fast Facts". CNN. March 7, 2014. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
- ^ Katz, Celeste (September 3, 2015). "Trump still questioning Jeb Bush for using Spanish". Daily News. New York. Retrieved September 4, 2015.
- ^ Bashir, Martin (February 26, 2009). "Donald Trump's Business Obsession". ABC News. Retrieved August 23, 2015.
- ^ Evans, Heidi (December 19, 2000). "Inside Trumps' Bitter Battle – Nephew's ailing baby caught in the middle". New York Daily News. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
- ^ "For Donald Trump, Lessons From a Brother's Suffering". The New York Times. January 2, 2016. Retrieved May 26, 2016.
- ^ Evans, Heidi (December 19, 2000). "Inside Trumps' Bitter Battle: Nephew's ailing baby caught in the middle". The Daily News. "'Given this family, it would be utterly naïve to say it has nothing to do with money. But for both me and my brother, it has much more to do with that our father [Fred Jr.] be recognized.'"
- ^ Mattera, Jason (March 14, 2011). "Trump Unplugged". Human Events. Retrieved March 16, 2011.
- ^ a b c d Shabad, Rebecca (August 29, 2015). "Church says Trump isn't an 'active member'". The Hill. Retrieved August 29, 2015.
- ^ Jones, Lawrence (April 12, 2011). "Donald Trump: Christianity is a 'wonderful religion'". The Christian Post. Retrieved April 13, 2011.
- ^ Haberman, Maggie (April 11, 2011). "Donald Trump Talks Religion: 'I Am a Christian'". Politico. Retrieved April 13, 2011.
- ^ "Trump in the Middle: Why America Needs a Middle Child This Time Around", by Heather Collins-Grattan Floyd, CreateSpace 2016, pp. 17–18.
- ^ Scott, Eugene (July 19, 2015). "Trump believes in God, but hasn't sought forgiveness". CNN.
- ^ Weigel, David (August 11, 2015). "In Michigan, Trump attacks China, critiques auto bailout, and judges Bernie Sanders 'weak'". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
- ^ Blinder, Alan (August 21, 2015). "Donald Trump Fails to Fill Alabama Stadium, but Fans' Zeal Is Undiminished". The New York Times. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
- ^ Allen, Nick (January 18, 2016). "Donald Trump faces questions over 'Two Corinthians'". The Daily Telegraph.
- ^ "'I believe in the Bible': Trump courts Christian right", by Jill Colvin, Associated Press, September 25, 2015. Retrieved November 21, 2015.
- ^ > Samenow, Jason (March 22, 2016). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2016/03/22/donald-trumps-unsettling-nonsense-on-weather-and-climate/ "Donald Trump's unsettling nonsense on weather and climate". The Washington Post.mid=325 Algemeiner Journal Jewish 100 Gala Honors Donald Trump, Joan Rivers and Yuli Edelstein], The Jewish Voice, February 11, 2015, Tzvi Allen Fishman
- ^ Bever, Lindsey; Johnson, Jenna (February 19, 2016). "Vatican says pope's remarks on Trump were not a 'personal attack'". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved March 30, 2016.
- ^ Rappeport, Alan (February 18, 2016). "Trump Calls Pope's Criticism 'Disgraceful'". The New York Times. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
- ^ a b "Trump: Pope Will Have "Wished And Prayed" I Was President If ISIS Attacked Vatican", Real Clear Politics (February 18, 2016).
- ^ "Vatican: Pope Francis Was Not Singling Out Donald Trump With 'Wall' Remarks". NBC News. Retrieved March 30, 2016.
- ^ Nadeau, Barbie. "What Pope Francis Really Said About Trump Not Being Christian", Daily Beast (February 20, 2016): "The Pope's remarks are a far cry from many of the headlines".
- ^ Allen, Cooper. "Vatican: Pope's comments on Trump not 'personal attack'". USA Today. Retrieved March 30, 2016.
- ^ Frizell, Sam. "Donald Trump's Doctor's Letter Reveals He is Overweight, But 'In Excellent Health'", Time (September 15, 2016).
- ^ Bornstein, Harold. Donald J. Trump Medical Records (September 13, 2016).
- ^ "Part 2: Donald Trump on 'Watters' World'". Watters' World. Fox News Channel. February 6, 2016. Retrieved September 4, 2016.
WATTERS: "Have you ever smoked weed?" TRUMP: "No, I have not. I have not. I would tell you 100 percent because everyone else seems to admit it nowadays, so I would actually tell you. This is almost like, it's almost like 'Hey, it's a sign'. No, I have never. I have never smoked a cigarette, either."
- ^ McAfee, Tierney. "Donald Trump Opens Up About His Brother's Death from Alcoholism: It Had a 'Profound Impact on My Life'", People (magazine) (October 8, 2015): "[T]here are a few hard and fast principles that he himself lives by: no drugs, no cigarettes and no alcohol. Trump's abstinence from alcohol was largely shaped by the death of his brother, Fred Jr., from alcoholism in 1981."
- ^ Dent, Millie (July 10, 2015). "15 Facts You Didn't Know About Donald Trump". The Fiscal Times. Retrieved August 1, 2015.
The Donald has never smoked cigarettes, drank alcohol or done drugs. His older brother, Fred, was an alcoholic for many years and warned Trump to avoid drinking. Fred ultimately died from his addiction.
- ^ Morgan, Piers. The Hot Seat: Love, War, and Cable News, p. 31 (Simon and Schuster 2014): "[H]e's never touched a drop of alcohol, smoked a cigarette, or tried a drug".
- ^ "Dr. Oz Grills Donald Trump About His Weight: 'Your BMI Is High'". Us Weekly. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
- ^ Alexandra Sifferlin. "Fact-Checking Donald Trump's Health Claims on Dr. Oz". TIME.com. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
- ^ "Trump reveals his weight-loss goal". POLITICO. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
- ^ ProPublica, Mike Tigas, Sisi Wei,. "Nonprofit Explorer – ProPublica". Retrieved September 9, 2016.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Donald J Trump Foundation Inc – GuideStar Profile". guidestar.org. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
- ^ Fahrenthold, David A. (September 1, 2016). "Trump pays IRS a penalty for his foundation violating rules with gift to aid Florida attorney general". The Washington Post.
- ^ a b c Fahrenthold, David A.; Helderman, Rosalind S. (April 10, 2016). "Missing from Trump's list of charitable giving: His own personal cash". The Washington Post.
- ^ Cillizza, Chris and Fahrenthold, David. "Meet the reporter who's giving Donald Trump fits", The Washington Post (September 15, 2016).
- ^ a b "NY attorney general is investigating Trump Foundation practices". CNN. September 14, 2016. Retrieved September 25, 2016.
- ^ "Trump Foundation Falls Under Investigation By New York Attorney General". Fortune. September 14, 2016. Retrieved September 27, 2016.
- ^ Farenthold, David. "Trump Foundation ordered to stop fundraising by N.Y. attorney general's office", The Washington Post (October 3, 2016).
- ^ Solnik, Claude. "Taking a peek at Trump's (foundation) tax returns", Long Island Business News (September 15, 2016): "charitable giving to conservative political groups, healthcare and sports-related charities".
- ^ Fahrenthold, David A.; Rindler, Danielle (August 18, 2016). "Searching for evidence of Trump's personal giving". The Washington Post.
- ^ Qiu, Linda (August 28, 2016). Yes, Donald Trump donated $100,000 to the Clinton Foundation. PolitiFact.com. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
- ^ Pramuk, Jacob (December 7, 2016). "Trump picks wrestling magnate Linda McMahon to lead Small Business Administration". MSNBC.
- ^ a b c Penzenstadler, Nick; Page, Susan (June 2, 2016). "Exclusive: Trump's 3,500 lawsuits unprecedented for a presidential nominee". USA Today. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
- ^ Stockman, Rachel (February 16, 2016). "We Investigated, Donald Trump is Named in at Least 169 Federal Lawsuits". Law Newz by Dan Abrams. Retrieved March 9, 2016.
- ^ Brody Mullins; Jim Oberman (March 13, 2016). "Trump's Long Trail of Litigation". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
Litigation isn't unusual for resolving business disputes or enforcing contracts, particularly in the real-estate industry...
- ^ "Trump brags about winning record in lawsuits". The Hill. June 2, 2016.
- ^ Schanberg, Sydney H. (March 9, 1985). "New York; Doer and Slumlord Both". The New York Times. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
- ^ Rozhon, Tracie (March 26, 1998). "A Win by Trump! No, by Tenants!; Battle of the 80's Ends, With Glad-Handing All Around". The New York Times. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
- ^ Rowley, James (April 5, 1988). "Trump Agrees To Pay $750,000 Penalty To Settle Antitrust Lawsuit". Associated Press. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
- ^ "Analyst Settles Trump Lawsuit". The New York Times. Reuters. June 11, 1991. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
- ^ Johnston, David (March 2, 1991). "Trump Files Suit Over Crash That Killed Executives". Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
- ^ Asseo, Laurie (October 5, 1992). "Court Won't Revive Trump Suit in Employee Deaths". Associated Press. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
- ^ Isikoff, Michael (March 7, 2016). "Trump challenged over ties to mob-linked gambler with ugly past". Yahoo! News. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
- ^ Johnston, David (April 9, 1991). "N.j. Agency Says Trump Loan Illegal". Philadelphia Daily News. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
- ^ Henriques, Diana (July 29, 1993). "Trump Sues Pritzker As a Feud Goes Public". The New York Times. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
- ^ Henriques, Diana (March 29, 1994). "Company News; Pritzker vs. Trump, and Vice Versa". The New York Times. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
- ^ Henriques, Diana (May 6, 1995). "COMPANY NEWS; Trump Agrees To End Feud Over Hotel". The New York Times. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
- ^ Rosenberg, Amy S. (February 19, 1997). "Homeowner Drops Trump Suit Vera Coking Accepted A $90,000 Settlement From The Casino Mogul's Contractor, For Damages To Her Home. She's Still Fighting To Keep The House". Philadelphia Daily News.
- ^ Cohen, Linda (September 24, 2013). "Asking price drops on house Vera Coking refused to sell to Trump". The Press of Atlantic City.
- ^ "One-time Trump nemesis, 91, is moving on". CBS News. Associated Press. July 31, 2014.
- ^ "Mirage Sues Trump on Atlantic City Plan". The New York Times / Metro Business – N.Y. / Region. September 10, 1997. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
- ^ Kershaw, Sarah (March 15, 1997). "Trump Sues on Casino Road". The New York Times. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
- ^ Anastasia, George (March 12, 2000). "Donald Trump Vs. Steve Wynn In A Real-life Spy Tale A Recent Battle Between The Casino Moguls Is Filled With Claims Of Money-laundering, Double Agents And High-level Secret Snooping". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
- ^ Mahoney, Joe (October 5, 2000). "For Trump, 250G Fine in Lobbying". Daily News. New York. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
- ^ Dicker, Fredric U. (July 17, 2000). "Trump Probed in Casino Lobbying Blitz". New York Post. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
- ^ Tanfani, Joseph (June 30, 2016). "Trump was once so involved in trying to block an Indian casino that he secretly approved attack ads". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 5, 2016.
- ^ "SEC Brings First Pro Forma Financial Reporting Case". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. January 16, 2002. Retrieved April 10, 2011.
- ^ "SEC cites Trump Hotels". CNN/Money. January 16, 2002. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts Inc. has consented to a Securities and Exchange Commission cease-and-desist order after being accused by regulators of making misleading statements in the company's third-quarter 1999 earnings release.
- ^ Tully, Shawn (March 14, 2016). "When Donald Trump Got in Trouble with the SEC". Fortune. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
- ^ "Trump Wants Helmsley, Rats Out Of Empire State". Orlando Sentinel. February 18, 1995.
- ^ Johnston, David Cay (May 31, 1995). "Helmsley, in a Countersuit Against Trump, Alleges a Conspiracy as Big as the Empire State". The New York Times.
- ^ Lewis, Mark (March 19, 2002). "Soap Opera Ends As Trump Sells Out". Forbes.
- ^ DiCarlo, Lisa (September 27, 2001). "Tale Of The Tape". Forbes.
- ^ Eamon Javers; Amy Borrus; David Polek (December 11, 2005). "Trump's Angry Apprentice". Bloomberg Business. Retrieved March 11, 2016.
- ^ Peer, Melinda (May 29, 2008). "The Donald vs. The Richard". Forbes. Retrieved March 11, 2016.
- ^ "Trump in Trouble? The Donald resigns from Trump Entertainment board as bankruptcy rumors loom". Bloomberg News. February 16, 2009. Retrieved March 11, 2016.
- ^ Musgrove, Martha (October 27, 2015). "Donald Trump always claims victory; will he actually get this one?". Sun Sentinel. Retrieved March 11, 2016.
- ^ "Court Records: Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts vs. Richard T Fields, et al". Broward County Clerk of Courts. Retrieved March 11, 2016.
- ^ Cerabino, Frank (September 5, 2015). "Trump's War With Palm Beach". Politico. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
- ^ Kim, Victoria (December 20, 2008). "Trump sues city for $100 million". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 28, 2015.
- ^ Pamer, Melissa (January 11, 2011). "Trump loses round in a local lawsuit". Pasadena Star-News. Retrieved August 28, 2015.
- ^ Mooradian, Nicole (September 12, 2012). "RPV, Trump Settle $100M Lawsuit". Palos Verdes Patch. Retrieved August 28, 2015.
- ^ Jones, Ashby (July 22, 2009). "The Donald Effusive After Settlement With Law Firm". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
- ^ a b "Trump Baja venture leaves buyers high and dry". Los Angeles Times. March 7, 2009. Retrieved September 13, 2015.
- ^ Barbaro, Michael (May 12, 2011). "Buying a Trump Property, or So They Thought". The New York Times. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
- ^ "Donald Trump settles lawsuit over Baja condo resort that went bust". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 13, 2015.
- ^ Bagli, Charles V. (December 17, 2007). "Real Estate Executive With Hand in Trump Projects Rose From Tangled Past". The New York Times. Retrieved March 11, 2016.
- ^ Michael Sallah; Michael Vasquez (March 13, 2016). "Failed Donald Trump tower thrust into GOP campaign for presidency". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
- ^ Norris, Floyd (December 4, 2008). "Trump Sees Act of God in Recession". The New York Times. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
- ^ The Editors (March 20, 2013). "The Lawsuits of Donald Trump". The Atlantic. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
{{cite news}}
:|author1=
has generic name (help) - ^ Flynn, Alexis (December 16, 2015). "Trump Loses Battle to Stop Wind Farm Near His Scottish Golf Resort". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
- ^ a b Zadrozny, Brandy; Mak, Tim (July 31, 2015). "Trump Lawyer Bragged: I 'Destroyed' a Beauty Queen's Life". Daily Beast. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
- ^ Finn, Natalie (July 5, 2013). "Sheena Monnin Loses Donald Trump Appeal: Ex-Miss Pennsylvania Says She's Glad Truth is Out, Solicits Donations for Legal Fees". E!. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
- ^ "Sheena Monnin Must Pay Donald Trump $5 Million, Judge Rules". Inquisitr. July 5, 2013. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
- ^ Sedensky, Matt (January 13, 2015). "Trump sues for $100M, says air traffic targets him". USA Today. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
- ^ Heil, Emily (July 31, 2015). "Trump sues José Andrés for $10M for backing out of restaurant deal". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 1, 2015.
- ^ Bennett, Kate; Strauss, Daniel (July 31, 2015). "Donald Trump delivers on promise to sue chef José Andrés". Politico. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
- ^ Sidman, Jessica (August 5, 2015). "Trump Sues Celebrity Chef Geoffrey Zakarian For Backing Out of Hotel Restaurant Deal". Washington City Paper. Retrieved August 26, 2015.
- ^ Cooper, Rebecca (February 17, 2016). "Trump will have to show up for D.C. hotel lawsuit". Washington Business Journal. Retrieved March 4, 2016.
- ^ Wilson, David McKay (September 3, 2015). "seeks 90 percent tax cut at Westchester golf club". The Journal News. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
- ^ a b Swaine, Jon (March 12, 2016). "How Trump's $50m golf club became $1.4m when it came time to pay tax". The Guardian. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
- ^ Jewish National Fund Tree of Life Award Presentation to Donald J. Trump: Tuesday Evening March 1, 1983, Gala Dinner Dance, Grand Hyatt Hotel, New York
- ^ Evon, Dan. "Trump Received Ellis Island Award in 1986".
- ^ Weisman, Aly (September 1, 2015). "Donald Trump won a 'worst supporting actor' Razzie award for his role in this 1989 film". Business Insider. Retrieved April 23, 2016.
- ^ "The Gaming Hall of Fame". University of Nevada Las Vegas. Retrieved August 30, 2009.
- ^ Winter, David. "Living on Clinton and Trump Streets". kulr8.
- ^ "Donald Trump". Hollywood Walk of Fame.
- ^ Robinson, Joanna (April 3, 2016). "People Can't Stop Vandalizing Donald Trump's Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame". Vanity Fair.
- ^ "March 24, 2007 Muhammad Ali's Celebrity Fight Night XIII". Blacktie. March 24, 2007. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
- ^ Pauline Smith and Andrew Youngson. (September 16, 2010). Donald Trump Honoured by Robert Gordon University. Robert Gordon University.
- ^ Holton, Kate (December 9, 2015). "More than 250,000 Britons petition to ban Trump from UK". Reuters.
- ^ Donald Trump Honored In Gray Line New York's Ride Of Fame Campaign Forbes. June 8, 2010.
- ^ Mitzi Bible (September 24, 2012).Donald Trump addresses largest Convocation crowd, praises Liberty's growth. Liberty University News Service, September. Liberty University News Service.
- ^ "Donald Trump to Talk Politics, Business and Faith at Liberty University Convocation". The Christian Post. Retrieved March 9, 2016.
- ^ "Donald Trump cements his WWE legacy: 2013 WWE Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony". wwe.com. 2013.
- ^ "Algemeiner Honors Joan Rivers, Donald Trump, Yuli Edelstein at Second Annual 'Jewish 100' Gala". Algemeiner Journal. Brooklyn, NY. February 5, 2015.
- ^ Hascup, Henry (March 27, 2015). "2015 New Jersey Boxing Hall of Fame Inductees". New Jersey Boxing Hall of Fame.
- ^ "MC–LEF Events". Marine Corps–Law Enforcement Foundation. 2015. Archived from the original on August 19, 2015.
Donald Trump received our Commandant's Leadership Award.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ Madan, Monique (March 4, 2015). "Donald Trump gets his key to Doral". Miami Herald. Miami. Archived from the original on July 8, 2015. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
{{cite news}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=
(help) - ^ Hidalgo, Daniel (August 5, 2015). "Doral lets Donald Trump keep key to city; also gives initial OK to four new developments". Miami Herald. Miami. Archived from the original on August 19, 2015. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
{{cite news}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=
(help)
External links
- Office of the President-Elect
- Donald J. Trump's presidential campaign
- Donald J. Trump's presidential inauguration
- Donald Trump on Twitter
- Donald Trump at IMDb
- Donald Trump at PolitiFact.com
- "Donald Trump collected news and commentary". The New York Times.
- Template:WSJ topic
- Donald Trump collected news and commentary at The Guardian
- Appearances on C-SPAN