Two-syllable nominals ending with ⟨-o⟩/⟨-u⟩/⟨-ö⟩/⟨-y⟩; consonant gradation possible.
Partitive ending ⟨-a⟩/⟨-ä⟩ and genitive plural ending ⟨-en⟩.
Basic declension without consonant gradation
ends with ⟨-o⟩
|
ends with ⟨-ö⟩
|
|
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ends with ⟨-u⟩
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ends with ⟨-y⟩
|
|
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Consonant gradation
Summary
Gradation
|
Kotus |
*A |
*B |
*C |
*D |
*E |
*F |
*G |
*H |
*I |
*J |
*K |
*L |
*M
|
|
grade |
kk → k |
pp → p |
tt → t |
k → ∅ |
p → v |
t → d |
nk → ng |
mp → mm |
lt → ll |
nt → nn |
rt → rr |
k → j |
k → v
|
nominative
|
strong
|
riekko |
kippo |
katto |
jako |
orpo |
katu |
sanko |
sampu |
kuultu |
lento |
saarto |
hylky |
luku
|
genitive
|
weak
|
riekon |
kipon |
katon |
jaon |
orvon |
kadun |
sangon |
sammun |
kuullun |
lennon |
saarron |
hyljyn |
luvun
|
partitive
|
strong
|
riekkoa |
kippoa |
kattoa |
jakoa |
orpoa |
katua |
sankoa |
sampua |
kuultua |
lentoa |
saartoa |
hylkyä |
lukua
|
elative
|
weak
|
riekosta |
kiposta |
katosta |
jaosta |
orvosta |
kadusta |
sangosta |
sammusta |
kuullusta |
lennosta |
saarrosta |
hyljystä |
luvusta
|
illative
|
strong
|
riekkoon |
kippoon |
kattoon |
jakoon |
orpoon |
katuun |
sankoon |
sampuun |
kuultuun |
lentoon |
saartoon |
hylkyyn |
lukuun
|
Complete declension example with consonant gradation (t → d)
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