lauma

See also: Lauma

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *lauma, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *flaumaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɑu̯mɑ/, [ˈlɑ̝u̯mɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑumɑ
• Hyphenation^(key): lau‧ma

Noun

lauma

1. group of (land) animals, herd

   laumaeläin ― herd animal

   1. band (of coyotes)
   2. business (of ferrets)
   3. colony (of ants)
   4. crash (of rhinos)
   5. flange (of baboons)
   6. flock (of sheep)
   7. mob (of kangaroos)
   8. pace (of donkeys)
   9. pack (of dogs)
   10. pod (of seals or hippopotami)
   11. pride (of lions)
   12. bed (of snakes)
2. crowd, mob, flock, horde, rout (large uncontrolled group of people)

   En halua kulkea lauman mukana.

   I don't like to follow the crowd.

3. swarm (mass of people or animals in turmoil)

Usage notes

This word is used of groups of most land animals. Exceptions include herded reindeer (tokka) and domesticated lamb and goat (katras). A group of flying or water animals is usually called a parvi (when seen three-dimensionally rather than two-dimensionally). Seals are a border case: usually a group of seals is lauma (seen as two-dimensional) but when in water, especially a small group of seals may be called parvi (seen as three-dimensional).

Declension

Inflection of lauma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative		lauma	laumat
genitive		lauman	laumojen
partitive		laumaa	laumoja
illative		laumaan	laumoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		lauma	laumat
accusative	nom.	lauma	laumat
	gen.	lauman
genitive		lauman	laumojen laumain rare
partitive		laumaa	laumoja
inessive		laumassa	laumoissa
elative		laumasta	laumoista
illative		laumaan	laumoihin
adessive		laumalla	laumoilla
ablative		laumalta	laumoilta
allative		laumalle	laumoille
essive		laumana	laumoina
translative		laumaksi	laumoiksi
abessive		laumatta	laumoitta
instructive		—	laumoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of lauma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative laumani laumani accusative nom. laumani laumani gen. laumani genitive laumani laumojeni laumaini rare partitive laumaani laumojani inessive laumassani laumoissani elative laumastani laumoistani illative laumaani laumoihini adessive laumallani laumoillani ablative laumaltani laumoiltani allative laumalleni laumoilleni essive laumanani laumoinani translative laumakseni laumoikseni abessive laumattani laumoittani instructive — — comitative — laumoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative laumasi laumasi accusative nom. laumasi laumasi gen. laumasi genitive laumasi laumojesi laumaisi rare partitive laumaasi laumojasi inessive laumassasi laumoissasi elative laumastasi laumoistasi illative laumaasi laumoihisi adessive laumallasi laumoillasi ablative laumaltasi laumoiltasi allative laumallesi laumoillesi essive laumanasi laumoinasi translative laumaksesi laumoiksesi abessive laumattasi laumoittasi instructive — — comitative — laumoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative laumamme laumamme accusative nom. laumamme laumamme gen. laumamme genitive laumamme laumojemme laumaimme rare partitive laumaamme laumojamme inessive laumassamme laumoissamme elative laumastamme laumoistamme illative laumaamme laumoihimme adessive laumallamme laumoillamme ablative laumaltamme laumoiltamme allative laumallemme laumoillemme essive laumanamme laumoinamme translative laumaksemme laumoiksemme abessive laumattamme laumoittamme instructive — — comitative — laumoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative laumanne laumanne accusative nom. laumanne laumanne gen. laumanne genitive laumanne laumojenne laumainne rare partitive laumaanne laumojanne inessive laumassanne laumoissanne elative laumastanne laumoistanne illative laumaanne laumoihinne adessive laumallanne laumoillanne ablative laumaltanne laumoiltanne allative laumallenne laumoillenne essive laumananne laumoinanne translative laumaksenne laumoiksenne abessive laumattanne laumoittanne instructive — — comitative — laumoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative laumansa laumansa accusative nom. laumansa laumansa gen. laumansa genitive laumansa laumojensa laumainsa rare partitive laumaansa laumojaan laumojansa inessive laumassaan laumassansa laumoissaan laumoissansa elative laumastaan laumastansa laumoistaan laumoistansa illative laumaansa laumoihinsa adessive laumallaan laumallansa laumoillaan laumoillansa ablative laumaltaan laumaltansa laumoiltaan laumoiltansa allative laumalleen laumallensa laumoilleen laumoillensa essive laumanaan laumanansa laumoinaan laumoinansa translative laumakseen laumaksensa laumoikseen laumoiksensa abessive laumattaan laumattansa laumoittaan laumoittansa instructive — — comitative — laumoineen laumoinensa

Synonyms

• (crowd): joukko, väkijoukko

Derived terms

• laumaantua
• laumautua
• laumoittain

 

compounds

• akkalauma
• hanhilauma
• kamelilauma
• kanalauma
• karjalauma
• koiralauma
• lammaslauma
• lapsilauma
• laumaeläin
• laumahenki
• laumaihminen
• laumaimmuniteetti
• laumasielu
• laumasuoja
• laumavaisto
• porolauma
• puhvelilauma
• sikalauma
• sikolauma
• sopulilauma
• susilauma
• turistilauma
• vuohilauma

 

See also

• parvi

Further reading

• “lauma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈløyːma/

  Rhymes: -øyːma

Etymology 1

Verb

lauma (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative laumaði, supine laumað)

1. (transitive) to sneak, slip

Conjugation

lauma — active voice (germynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að lauma
supine (sagnbót)		laumað
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		laumandi
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég lauma	við laumum	present (nútíð)	ég laumi	við laumum
	þú laumar	þið laumið		þú laumir	þið laumið
	hann, hún, það laumar	þeir, þær, þau lauma		hann, hún, það laumi	þeir, þær, þau laumi
past (þátíð)	ég laumaði	við laumuðum	past (þátíð)	ég laumaði	við laumuðum
	þú laumaðir	þið laumuðuð		þú laumaðir	þið laumuðuð
	hann, hún, það laumaði	þeir, þær, þau laumuðu		hann, hún, það laumaði	þeir, þær, þau laumuðu
imperative (boðháttur)	lauma (þú)	laumið (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	laumaðu	laumiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

laumast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að laumast
supine (sagnbót)		laumast
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		laumandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég laumast	við laumumst	present (nútíð)	ég laumist	við laumumst
	þú laumast	þið laumist		þú laumist	þið laumist
	hann, hún, það laumast	þeir, þær, þau laumast		hann, hún, það laumist	þeir, þær, þau laumist
past (þátíð)	ég laumaðist	við laumuðumst	past (þátíð)	ég laumaðist	við laumuðumst
	þú laumaðist	þið laumuðust		þú laumaðist	þið laumuðust
	hann, hún, það laumaðist	þeir, þær, þau laumuðust		hann, hún, það laumaðist	þeir, þær, þau laumuðust
imperative (boðháttur)	laumast (þú)	laumist (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	laumastu	laumisti *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

Etymology 2

Noun

lauma f (genitive singular laumu, no plural)

1. a card game in which players simultaneously pass a card to the next person, trying to collect a matching set

Declension

Declension of lauma (sg-only feminine)

	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	lauma	lauman
accusative	laumu	laumuna
dative	laumu	laumunni
genitive	laumu	laumunnar

References

• Kristín Bjarnadóttir, editor (2002–2024), “lauma”, in Beygingarlýsing íslensks nútímamáls [The Database of Modern Icelandic Inflection] (in Icelandic), Reykjavík: The Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies