丞

See also: 氶

丞 U+4E1E, 丞 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E1E ← 丝 [U+4E1D] CJK Unified Ideographs 丟 → [U+4E1F]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

丞 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+5, 6 strokes, cangjie input 弓水一 (NEM) or 難弓水一 (XNEM), four-corner 1710₃, composition ⿱氶一)

Derived characters

• 拯, 烝, 巹, 脀

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 78, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40
• Dae Jaweon: page 157, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 19, character 8
• Unihan data for U+4E1E

Chinese

simp. and trad.		丞

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 丞
Shang	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script j05046 Small seal script s01967 Transcribed ancient scripts L33309 L33310 L33311 L33312 L33313 L11084 L11085 L11086 L11087 L11088 L11089 L11090 L11091 L11092 L11093 L11094
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (丞) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
蒸	*kljɯŋ
烝	*kljɯŋ, *kljɯŋs
篜	*klɯŋ
脀	*kljɯŋ
拯	*kljɯŋʔ
氶	*kljɯŋʔ
承	*ɡljɯŋ
丞	*ɡljɯŋ, *ɡljɯŋs
巹	*klɯnʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 卩 (“kneeling person”) + 廾 (“both hands”) + 凵 (“hole”) – to rescue a person from a hole. Compare 承.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“upper part; rise; raise”).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chéng (cheng²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sing⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̀n
• Eastern Min (BUC): sìng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sêng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sêng⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zen

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chéng
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chéng
    • Wade–Giles: chʻêng²
    • Yale: chéng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherng
    • Palladius: чэн (čɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sing⁴
    • Yale: sìhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sing⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: xing⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̀n
    • Hakka Romanization System: siin^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sin²
    • Sinological IPA: /sɨn¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sìng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêng
    • Tâi-lô: sîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: seeng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /siɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /siɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /siɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sêng⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /seŋ⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶zen
    • MiniDict: zen^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²³/

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• Middle Chinese: dzying, dzyingH

Rime
Character	丞	丞
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	署陵切	常證切
Baxter	dzying	dzyingH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑɨŋ/	/d͡ʑɨŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑɨŋ/	/d͡ʑɨŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑieŋ/	/d͡ʑieŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑiŋ/	/d͡ʑiŋH/
Li Rong	/ʑiəŋ/	/ʑiəŋH/
Wang Li	/ʑĭəŋ/	/ʑĭəŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯əŋ/	/ʑi̯əŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chéng	shèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sing4	sing6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-təŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡljɯŋ/, /*ɡljɯŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	丞
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chéng
Middle Chinese	‹ dzying ›
Old Chinese	/*m-təŋ/
English	assist
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	丞	丞
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	1414	1415
Phonetic component	丞	丞
Rime group	蒸	蒸
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	承	丞
Old Chinese	/*ɡljɯŋ/	/*ɡljɯŋs/
Notes	拯之初文

Definitions

丞

1. ^† to assist, to aid
2. (archaic) a low-level assistant to the governor of a county
3. ^† Alternative form of 承
4. a surname

See also

• 輔佐／辅佐 (fǔzuǒ, “to assist”)

Compounds

• 丞相 (chéngxiàng)

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhěng (zheng³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄥˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cing²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhěng
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhěng
    • Wade–Giles: chêng³
    • Yale: jěng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeeng
    • Palladius: чжэн (čžɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cing²
    • Yale: chíng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsing²
    • Guangdong Romanization: qing²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɪŋ³⁵/

Definitions

丞

1. ^† Original form of 拯 (zhěng, “to rescue”).

Japanese

Kanji

丞

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. to help, to rescue

Readings

• Go-on: じょう (jō)
• Kan-on: しょう (shō)
• Kun: すくう (sukuu, 丞う)^{←すくふ (sukufu, 丞ふ, historical)}、たすける (tasukeru, 丞ける)
• Nanori: すけ (suke)

As a variant of 抍:

• Go-on: じょう (jō)
• Kan-on: じょう (jō)

Korean

Etymology 1

Hanja

丞 (eumhun 도울 승 (doul seung))

1. (archaic) hanja form^? of 승 (“help”)

Etymology 2

Hanja

丞 (eumhun 구원할 증 (guwonhal jeung))

1. (obsolete) Alternative form of 拯 (“hanja form^? of 증 (“help”)”)

References

• Naver Hanja Dictionary: 丞

Vietnamese

Han character

丞: Hán Việt readings: thừa
丞: Hán Nôm readings: thừa, chẳng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation