Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/mrakis

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Connecting this word to Latin marceō etc., as has been done since Pokorny,^[1] runs into the problem of explaining the *a; it cannot be regularly yielded from a root *merk- (“to be soaked”).^[2]

Noun

*mrakis gender unattested

malt

Inflection

Masculine/feminine i-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*mrakis	*mrakī	*mrakīs
vocative	*mraki	*mrakī	*mrakīs
accusative	*mrakim	*mrakī	*mrakims
genitive	*mrakeis	*mrakyow	*mrakyom
dative	*mrakei	*mrakibom	*mrakibos
locative	*mrakei	*?	*?
instrumental	*mrakī	*mrakibim	*mrakibis

Reconstruction notes

Goidelic and Brittonic do not agree on this word's gender. In Goidelic, it is feminine; and in Brittonic, it is masculine.

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *brag
- Middle Breton: braguez
  - Breton: bragez
- Old Cornish: brag
  - Cornish: brag
- Middle Welsh: brag, brac
  - Welsh: brag
Old Irish: mraich
- Middle Irish: braich
  - Irish: braich
  - Manx: bry
  - Scottish Gaelic: braich
Gaulish: bracis
- → Latin: bracis
  - French: brai (“grain residue after distillation; crushed malt”)
  - ⇒ Latin: *braciō (1st-conjugation verb)
    - French: brasser

References

^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “bracis”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 85
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*mraki-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 279

[1] Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “bracis”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 85

[2] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*mraki-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 279

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