bán

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ban"

Czech

Etymology

From Serbo-Croatian bȃn/ба̑н (“lord; ban”), from Proto-Slavic *banъ; see there for more.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbaːn]
• Rhymes: -aːn
• Hyphenation: bán

Noun

bán m anim (related adjective bánský)

1. (historical) ban (title in the historical Kingdom of Croatia and the Kingdom of Hungary, like a palatine or governor of a province)
2. (historical) ban (governor of a banovina in Yugoslavia from 1929 to 1941)

Declension

Declension of bán (hard masculine animate)

	singular	plural
nominative	bán	báni
genitive	bána	bánů
dative	bánovi, bánu	bánům
accusative	bána	bány
vocative	báne	báni
locative	bánovi, bánu	bánech
instrumental	bánem	bány

Related terms

• Banát
• banát
• banátský
• bánovina

 

Further reading

• “bán”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
• “bán”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “bán” in Akademický slovník současné češtiny, 2012-, slovnikcestiny.cz
• “bán”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbaːn]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: bán
• Rhymes: -aːn

Etymology 1

From a Turkic language. Doublet of bánik.

Verb

bán

2. (transitive, chiefly in the negative) to mind, to object to, to be bothered by

   Nem bánod, ha kinyitom az ablakot? ― Do you mind if I open the window?

   Nem bánnám, ha néha segítenél kitakarítani. ― I wouldn’t mind if you helped me clean the house once in a while.

3. (transitive) to regret

   Synonym: sajnál

Usage notes

• This verb is a member of one of those (few) quasi-homonymous verb pairs that exist both with and without an -ik ending. All (intransitive) suffixed forms of these pairs are identical (sometimes they can even have derived forms that coincide), with the exception of their dictionary form (the third-person singular indicative present, with or without -ik). However, the meaning of these pairs is usually distinct, sometimes unrelated. Examples include (fel)áldoz–(le)áldozik, bán–bánik, (meg)bíz–(meg)bízik, ér–érik, esz (rare)–eszik, hajol–hajlik, (felül)múl–(el)múlik, (hozzá)nyúl–nyúlik, (el)vesz–(el)veszik~(el)vész, and tör–törik (along with their verbal prefixes), hall–hallik (archaic), érez–érzik (archaic), sometimes with some difference: (el)hibáz–hibádzik, (le)torkol–torkollik. Therefore one may well need to check the context and the arguments to ascertain which member of the verb pair is relevant.

Conjugation

conjugation of bán

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	bánok	bánsz	bán	bánunk	bántok	bánnak
		Def.	bánom	bánod	bánja	bánjuk	bánjátok	bánják
		2nd-p. o.	bánlak	―
	Past	Indef.	bántam	bántál	bánt	bántunk	bántatok	bántak
		Def.	bántam	bántad	bánta	bántuk	bántátok	bánták
		2nd-p. o.	bántalak	―
	Future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. bánni fog.
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	bánék	bánál	bána	bánánk	bánátok	bánának
		Def.	bánám	bánád	báná	bánánk	bánátok	bánák
		2nd-p. o.	bánálak	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. bán vala, bánt vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	bánandok	bánandasz	bánand	bánandunk	bánandotok	bánandanak
		Def.	bánandom	bánandod	bánandja	bánandjuk	bánandjátok	bánandják
		2nd-p. o.	bánandalak	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	bánnék	bánnál	bánna	bánnánk	bánnátok	bánnának
		Def.	bánnám	bánnád	bánná	bánnánk (or bánnók)	bánnátok	bánnák
		2nd-p. o.	bánnálak	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. bánt volna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	bánjak	bánj or bánjál	bánjon	bánjunk	bánjatok	bánjanak
		Def.	bánjam	bánd or bánjad	bánja	bánjuk	bánjátok	bánják
		2nd-p. o.	bánjalak	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. bánt légyen
Infinitive	bánni		bánnom	bánnod	bánnia	bánnunk	bánnotok	bánniuk
Other forms	Verbal noun		Present part.	Past part.	Future part.	Adverbial participle		Causative
	bánás		bánó	bánt	bánandó	bánva (bánván)
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).

potential conjugation of bán

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	bánhatok	bánhatsz	bánhat	bánhatunk	bánhattok	bánhatnak
		Def.	bánhatom	bánhatod	bánhatja	bánhatjuk	bánhatjátok	bánhatják
		2nd-p. o.	bánhatlak	―
	Past	Indef.	bánhattam	bánhattál	bánhatott	bánhattunk	bánhattatok	bánhattak
		Def.	bánhattam	bánhattad	bánhatta	bánhattuk	bánhattátok	bánhatták
		2nd-p. o.	bánhattalak	―
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	bánhaték	bánhatál	bánhata	bánhatánk	bánhatátok	bánhatának
		Def.	bánhatám	bánhatád	bánhatá	bánhatánk	bánhatátok	bánhaták
		2nd-p. o.	bánhatálak	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. bánhat vala, bánhatott vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	bánhatandok or bánandhatok	bánhatandasz or bánandhatsz	bánhatand or bánandhat	bánhatandunk or bánandhatunk	bánhatandotok or bánandhattok	bánhatandanak or bánandhatnak
		Def.	bánhatandom or bánandhatom	bánhatandod or bánandhatod	bánhatandja or bánandhatja	bánhatandjuk or bánandhatjuk	bánhatandjátok or bánandhatjátok	bánhatandják or bánandhatják
		2nd-p. o.	bánhatandalak or bánandhatlak	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	bánhatnék	bánhatnál	bánhatna	bánhatnánk	bánhatnátok	bánhatnának
		Def.	bánhatnám	bánhatnád	bánhatná	bánhatnánk (or bánhatnók)	bánhatnátok	bánhatnák
		2nd-p. o.	bánhatnálak	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. bánhatott volna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	bánhassak	bánhass or bánhassál	bánhasson	bánhassunk	bánhassatok	bánhassanak
		Def.	bánhassam	bánhasd or bánhassad	bánhassa	bánhassuk	bánhassátok	bánhassák
		2nd-p. o.	bánhassalak	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. bánhatott légyen
Inf.	(bánhatni)		(bánhatnom)	(bánhatnod)	(bánhatnia)	(bánhatnunk)	(bánhatnotok)	(bánhatniuk)
Positive adjective			bánható	Neg. adj.	bánhatatlan	Adv. part.	(bánhatva / bánhatván)

Derived terms

• bánat
• bánatos
• bánkódik
• bánt

 

(With verbal prefixes):

• megbán

See also

• bánik

Etymology 2

From Old Hungarian ban (1146), from a South Slavic language; compare Serbo-Croatian bȃn/ба̑н (“lord; ban”), from Proto-Slavic *banъ; see there for more.

Noun

bán (plural bánok)

2. (historical) ban (title in the historical Kingdom of Croatia and the Kingdom of Hungary, like a palatine or governor of a province)

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	bán	bánok
accusative	bánt	bánokat
dative	bánnak	bánoknak
instrumental	bánnal	bánokkal
causal-final	bánért	bánokért
translative	bánná	bánokká
terminative	bánig	bánokig
essive-formal	bánként	bánokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	bánban	bánokban
superessive	bánon	bánokon
adessive	bánnál	bánoknál
illative	bánba	bánokba
sublative	bánra	bánokra
allative	bánhoz	bánokhoz
elative	bánból	bánokból
delative	bánról	bánokról
ablative	bántól	bánoktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	báné	bánoké
non-attributive possessive - plural	bánéi	bánokéi

Possessive forms of bán
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	bánom	bánjaim
2nd person sing.	bánod	bánjaid
3rd person sing.	bánja	bánjai
1st person plural	bánunk	bánjaink
2nd person plural	bánotok	bánjaitok
3rd person plural	bánjuk	bánjaik

Derived terms

• báni
• bánság
• Bánság

 

References

• Marek Stachowski, Eugen Helimskis Materialien zur Erforschung der ältesten slawisch-ungarischen Sprachkontakte, Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia 14 (2009): 35–107 Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego: Kraków, page 43

Further reading

• (to mind, to regret): bán in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• (ban [historical]): bán in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• bán in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)

Irish

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /bˠɑːn̪ˠ/
• (Connacht) IPA^(key): /bˠɑːnˠ/, /bˠɑːn̪ˠ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /bˠaːnˠ/, /bˠaːn̪ˠ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish bán (“white”), from Proto-Celtic *bānos (“white”).

Adjective

bán (genitive singular masculine báin, genitive singular feminine báine, plural bána, comparative báine)

1. white
2. blank
3. fair-haired
4. (sexuality, LGBT) gay, homosexual

Declension

Declension of bán

	Singular		Plural (m/f)
Positive	Masculine	Feminine	(strong noun)	(weak noun)
Nominative	bán	bhán	bána; bhána²
Vocative	bháin		bána
Genitive		báine	bána	bán
Dative	bán; bhán¹	bhán; bháin (archaic)	bána; bhána²
Comparative	níos báine
Superlative	is báine

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms

• abhac bán (“white dwarf”)
• bacán bán m (“white water-lily”)
• bánbhia (“white meat”)
• bándearg (“pink”, adjective)
• béar bán (“polar bear”)
• bíoma bán (“whitebeam”)
• buachaill bán (“fair-haired boy”)
• cailín bán (“golden girl; stoat”)
• earrbhán (“white-tailed”, adjective)
• fobhán (“whitish”, adjective)
• fódbhán (“fallow, uncultivated”, adjective)
• fuilchill bhán (“white blood cell”)
• grús píb-bhán (“white-naped crane”)
• Láir Bhán (“the Milky Way”)
• lúbán bán (“white pudding”)
• putóg bhán (“white pudding”)
• scothbhán (“whitish”, adjective)
• siorc bán aigéanach (“oceanic whitetip shark”)
• siorc bán mór (“great white shark”)

 

Noun

bán m (genitive singular báin, nominative plural bána)

1. white

Declension

Declension of bán

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative bán ba Vocative a bháin a bhána Genitive báin bán Dative bán ba

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an bán na ba Genitive an bháin na mbán Dative leis an mbán don bhán leis na ba

Derived terms

• bán na súl m (“albinism”)

See also

Colors in Irish · dathanna (layout · text)

bán	liath	dubh
dearg; corcairdhearg	oráiste, flannbhuí; donn	buí; bánbhuí
líoma-ghlas, glas líoma	glas, uaine	dath an mhiontais
cian	gormghlas, spéirghorm	gorm
corcairghorm; indeagó	maigeanta; corcra	bándearg

Verb

bán (present analytic bánann, future analytic bánfaidh, verbal noun bánadh, past participle bánta)

1. (transitive, intransitive) Alternative form of bánaigh (“whiten; blanch; clear out, empty, depopulate”)

Conjugation

conjugation of bán (first conjugation – A)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	present	bánaim	bánann tú; bánair†	bánann sé, sí	bánaimid	bánann sibh	bánann siad; bánaid†	a bhánann; a bhánas / a mbánann*; a mbánas*	bántar
	past	bhán mé; bhánas	bhán tú; bhánais	bhán sé, sí	bhánamar; bhán muid	bhán sibh; bhánabhair	bhán siad; bhánadar	a bhán / ar bhán*	bánadh
	past habitual	bhánainn / mbánainn‡‡	bhántá / mbántᇇ	bhánadh sé, sí / mbánadh sé, s퇇	bhánaimis; bhánadh muid / mbánaimis‡‡; mbánadh muid‡‡	bhánadh sibh / mbánadh sibh‡‡	bhánaidís; bhánadh siad / mbánaidís‡‡; mbánadh siad‡‡	a bhánadh / a mbánadh*	bhántaí / mbánta퇇
future		bánfaidh mé; bánfad	bánfaidh tú; bánfair†	bánfaidh sé, sí	bánfaimid; bánfaidh muid	bánfaidh sibh	bánfaidh siad; bánfaid†	a bhánfaidh; a bhánfas / a mbánfaidh*; a mbánfas*	bánfar
conditional		bhánfainn / mbánfainn‡‡	bhánfá / mbánfᇇ	bhánfadh sé, sí / mbánfadh sé, s퇇	bhánfaimis; bhánfadh muid / mbánfaimis‡‡; mbánfadh muid‡‡	bhánfadh sibh / mbánfadh sibh‡‡	bhánfaidís; bhánfadh siad / mbánfaidís‡‡; mbánfadh siad‡‡	a bhánfadh / a mbánfadh*	bhánfaí / mbánfa퇇
subjunctive	present	go mbána mé; go mbánad†	go mbána tú; go mbánair†	go mbána sé, sí	go mbánaimid; go mbána muid	go mbána sibh	go mbána siad; go mbánaid†	—	go mbántar
	past	dá mbánainn	dá mbántá	dá mbánadh sé, sí	dá mbánaimis; dá mbánadh muid	dá mbánadh sibh	dá mbánaidís; dá mbánadh siad	—	dá mbántaí
imperative		bánaim	bán	bánadh sé, sí	bánaimis	bánaigí; bánaidh†	bánaidís	—	bántar
verbal noun		bánadh
past participle		bánta

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Descendants

• → Yola: baun, bawn

Etymology 2

From Old Irish bán (“untilled land, lea”), from the adjective bán (“white”).

Noun

bán m (genitive singular báin, nominative plural bánta)

1. (geography) lea; grassland
2. uncultivated land

Declension

Declension of bán

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative bán bánta Vocative a bháin a bhánta Genitive báin bánta Dative bán bánta

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an bán na bánta Genitive an bháin na mbánta Dative leis an mbán don bhán leis na bánta

Descendants

• → Yola: bawen

Etymology 3

Noun

bán m (genitive singular báin, nominative plural báin)

1. Alternative form of bábhún (“walled enclosure”)

Declension

Declension of bán

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative bán báin Vocative a bháin a bhána Genitive báin bán Dative bán báin

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an bán na báin Genitive an bháin na mbán Dative leis an mbán don bhán leis na báin

Descendants

• → English: bawn

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
bán	bhán	mbán
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “bán”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “bán”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “bán”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “bán”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024
• Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 88

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *bānos (“white”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbaːn/

Adjective

bán

1. white
2. pure

Inflection

o/ā-stem
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	bán	bán	bán
Vocative	báin* bán**
Accusative	bán	báin
Genitive	báin	báine	báin
Dative	bán	báin	bán
Plural	Masculine	Feminine/neuter
Nominative	báin	bána
Vocative	bánu bána†
Accusative	bánu bána†
Genitive	bán
Dative	bánaib
Notes	*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized

Synonyms

• finn
• gabor
• gel

Descendants

• Irish: bán
• Manx: bane
• Scottish Gaelic: bàn
• ⇒ Middle Irish: abbán

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
bán	bán pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/	mbán
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “bán”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Tày

Pronunciation

• (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA^(key): [ɓaːn˧˥]
• (Trùng Khánh) IPA^(key): [ɓaːn˦]

Etymology 1

From Vietnamese bàn.

Noun

bán

1. altar

Etymology 2

Verb

bán

1. to leave out

   ton bán ― to leave out castration

Etymology 3

Noun

bán

1. winnowing basket

Etymology 4

Adjective

bán

1. chipped

   Synonyms: bín, bỉu, va̱o

   mạc pjạ bán ― chipped knife

   pát bán ― chipped bowl

   bán pay ám nưng ― with one piece chippped

References

• Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎^[1][2] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
• Léopold Michel Cadière (1910) Dictionnaire Tày-Annamite-Français [Tày-Vietnamese-French Dictionary]‎^[3] (in French), Hanoi: Impressions d'Extrême-Orient

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ʔɓaːn˧˦]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʔɓaːŋ˦˧˥]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʔɓaːŋ˦˥]

• Audio (Saigon):

  (file)

Etymology 1

Sino-Vietnamese word from 半 (“half”).

Prefix

bán

1. half-; semi-; hemi-

   bán hẹp bao quy đầu ― with a semi-tight foreskin

Derived terms

• bán cầu
• bán dẫn
• bán đảo
• bán kết
• bán kính
• chất bán dẫn
• hình bán nguyệt

 

Etymology 2

From Proto-Vietic *paːɲʔ.

Verb

bán • (半, 𬥓, 拌)

1. to sell

Derived terms

Derived terms

• bán buôn
• bán chác
• bán chịu
• bán đứng
• buôn bán
• mua bán