bir
Afar
editPrevious: | ambóyra |
---|---|
Next: | a bár |
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editbír
Noun
editbír m
Declension
editDeclension of bír | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
absolutive | bír | |||||||||||||||||
predicative | bíri | |||||||||||||||||
subjective | bír | |||||||||||||||||
genitive | birtí | |||||||||||||||||
|
References
edit- E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “bir”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2004) Parlons Afar: Langue et Culture, L'Hammartan, →ISBN, page 37
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[2], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)
Albanian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Albanian *bira, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (compare Old English byre, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂 (baur, “son”)).[1] Phonetically and semantically close to Messapic *bilia (“daughter”) and *biles (“son”), Matzinger reconstructs two different stems: pre-Albanian *bʰi-ro- and pre-Messapic *bʰi-lo-, both from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow, become”); compare Ancient Greek φῦλον (phûlon, “race, tribe”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbir m (plural bij, definite biri, definite plural bijtë)
Declension
editReferences
edit- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “bir”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 26
Azerbaijani
editCyrillic | бир | |
---|---|---|
Abjad | بیر |
10 | ||||
← 0 | 1 | 2 → | 10 → | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cardinal: bir Ordinal: birinci |
Etymology
editFrom Old Anatolian Turkish بر (bir), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *bīr.[1]
Pronunciation
editNumeral
editbir
Derived terms
edit- bir daha (“once again, ever again”)
- bir də (“and; once again, ever again”)
- bir-bir (“one by one”)
- bir-birini (“each other”)
- birbaşa (“directly”)
- bircə (“one, sole”)
- birdən, birdən-birə (“suddenly”)
- birər
References
edit- ^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*bir (*bīr)”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Bikol Central
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editbir
Cimbrian
editEtymology
editFrom Middle High German bier, from Old High German bior, from Proto-West Germanic *beuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą (“beer”). Cognate with German Bier, English beer. Doublet of bira.
Noun
editbir n
References
edit- “bir” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Crimean Tatar
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).
Numeral
edit1 | 2 > | |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : bir Ordinal : birinci | ||
bir
References
editGagauz
edit1 | 2 > | |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : bir Ordinal : birinci | ||
Etymology
editFrom Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).
Article
editbir
- the indefinite article, a, an
Numeral
editbir
Iban
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editbir
Ili Turki
edit1 | 2 > | |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : bir | ||
Etymology
editFrom Proto-Turkic *bīr.
Numeral
editbir
Indonesian
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editbir (first-person possessive birku, second-person possessive birmu, third-person possessive birnya)
Compounds
editFurther reading
edit- “bir” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Javanese
editRomanization
editbir
- Romanization of ꦧꦶꦂ
Jiiddu
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Afroasiatic *bir- (“to burn brightly”)
Noun
editbir
References
edit- Ehret, Christopher (1995), Reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic, →ISBN, page 86
Karaim
edit1 | 2 > | |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : bir Ordinal : birińči | ||
Numeral
editbir
References
editMalay
editEtymology
editPronunciation
edit- (Johor-Selangor) IPA(key): /be(r)/
- (Riau-Lingga) IPA(key): /bɪ(r)/
- Rhymes: -be(r), -e(r)
Noun
editbir (Jawi spelling بير, informal 1st possessive birku, 2nd possessive birmu, 3rd possessive birnya)
Maltese
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editbir m (plural bjar or birien, diminutive bwejra)
- well
- 1970, Anton Buttigieg, “Il-Pjazza”, in Fl-Arena:
- Kulħadd jimxi, kollox lajma,
jirkeb biss xi sinjur kbir:
bini l-għatx u tawni nixrob
minn ġos-satal fuq il-bir.- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Middle English
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Old English byre (“strong wind, storm”).
Noun
editbir (plural birs)
- A strong or favorable wind.
- c. 1540, Destruction of Troy:
- Were blouen to þe brode se in a bir swithe.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- An armed assault or sally; a clash or encounter; a blow or stroke; an attack or affliction.
- c. 1540, Destruction of Troy:
- A ᵹonge knight..suet to þe Duke With a bir on þe brest, þat backeward he ᵹode.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Violence; strength; fury.
- c. 1400, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight:
- With alle þe bur in his body he ber hit on lofte.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- An onrush, swiftness.
- 1425, Wycliffe Bible, Judges 5:22:
- Enemyes fledden with bire.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1425, Wycliffe Bible, Judges 5:22:
- A charge on an account.
- 1415, Account Rolls of the Abbey of Durham:
- Item in l bir de debito versus Rad'm Forster, 13 d.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1415, Account Rolls of the Abbey of Durham:
Descendants
edit- English: birr
References
edit- “bir(e, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Middle High German
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Old High German bira, from Vulgar Latin pira, plural of Latin pirum.
Noun
editbir f
Declension
editDescendants
editOld Irish
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Celtic *beru.
Alternative forms
editPronunciation
editNoun
editbir n (genitive bero or bera, nominative plural beura)[1]
Declension
editNeuter u-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | birN, biur | birL, biur | beuraL, bira |
Vocative | birN, biur | birL, biur | beura |
Accusative | birN, biur | birL, biur | beura |
Genitive | beroH, beraH | beroN, beraN | beraeN |
Dative | biurL, biur | beraib | beraib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Derived terms
edit- berach (“pointed”)
Descendants
editEtymology 2
editFrom Proto-Celtic *beru, *beruro- (“spring, well”), said by Matasović to likely be related to *brutus (“fermentation, boiling heat”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-.[2]
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbir (gender unknown, genitive unattested, nominative plural beru)[3]
- water, spring, well
- c. 900, Sanas Cormaic, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, Corm. Y 158
- bir .i. uisce ... biror ⁊ inbir ⁊ tobur
- spring i.e. water ... watercress and rivermouth and well
- c. 900, Sanas Cormaic, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, Corm. Y 158
Etymology 3
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
editVerb
edit·bir
Mutation
editOld Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
bir | bir pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/ |
mbir |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
edit- ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 bir (‘stake, spit’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “beruro- ‘watercress’”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 63
- ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 bir (‘water, spring’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Romanian
editEtymology
editNoun
editbir n (plural biruri)
Declension
editSalar
edit1 | 2 > | |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : bir Ordinal : birinci | ||
Etymology
editFrom Proto-Turkic *bīr.
Pronunciation
edit- (Xunhua, Qinghai, Ili, Xinjiang) IPA(key): /pir/, /piɹ/
- (Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA(key): /pəɹ/
- (Chahandusi, Ejia, Daowei, Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA(key): /per/, /peɹ/
Numeral
editbir
References
edit- 林莲云 [Lin Lianyun] (1985) “bir”, in 撒拉语简志 [A Brief History of Salar][4], Beijing: 民族出版社: 琴書店, →OCLC, page 14
- Tenishev, Edhem (1976) “bir”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, pages 302, 444
- 马伟 [Ma Wei], 朝克 [Chao Ke] (2014) “bir”, in 撒拉语366条会话读本 [Salar 366 Conversation Reader][5], 1st edition, 社会科学文献出版社 [Social Science Literature Press], →ISBN, page 115
- 马伟 (Ma Wei), 朝克 (Chao Ke) (2016) “bir”, in 濒危语言——撒拉语研究 [Endangered Languages - Salar Language Studies], 青海 (Qinghai): 国家社会科学基金项目 (National Social Science Foundation Project), page 296
Scottish Gaelic
editPronunciation
editInterjection
editbir
- onomatopoeic alarm noise of a gannet when attacked at night
References
editSumerian
editRomanization
editbir
- Romanization of 𒄵 (bir)
Tagalog
editEtymology
editPronunciation
edit- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈbiɾ/ [ˈbiɾ]
- Rhymes: -iɾ
- Syllabification: bir
Noun
editbir (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜇ᜔)
- (colloquial) beer
- Synonym: (dated or formal) serbesa
Derived terms
editTurkish
edit10 | ||||
← 0 | 1 | 2 → | 10 → | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cardinal: bir Ordinal: birinci Distributive: birer |
Etymology
editInherited from Ottoman Turkish بر (bir, “one”), from Old Anatolian Turkish بر (bir, “one”), from Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰋𐰃𐰼 (b²ir² /bir/).
Pronunciation
edit- Standard:
- Colloquial:
Audio: (file)
Numeral
editbir
Adjective
editbir
Adverb
editbir
Determiner
editbir
Pronoun
editbir
Noun
editbir (definite accusative biri, plural birler)
Declension
editInflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | bir | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | biri | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | bir | birler | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | biri | birleri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | bire | birlere | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | birde | birlerde | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | birden | birlerden | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | birin | birlerin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Further reading
edit- bir in Reverso (Turkish-English)
Turkmen
edit10 | ||||
← 0 | 1 | 2 → | 10 → | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cardinal: bir Ordinal: birinji |
Etymology
editInherited from Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).[1] Azerbaijani bir, Turkish bir.
Pronunciation
editNumeral
editbir[2]
Declension
editReferences
edit- ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “bi:r”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 353
- ^ bir at Ene dilim
Uzbek
edit10 | ||||
← 0 | 1 | 2 → | 10 → | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cardinal: bir Ordinal: birinchi |
Etymology
editFrom Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).
Pronunciation
editNumeral
editbir
Volapük
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editReformed in the 1920s from bil, to make it more like its etymons.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbir (nominative plural birs)
Declension
editDerived terms
edit- Afar terms with IPA pronunciation
- Afar lemmas
- Afar adverbs
- Afar nouns
- Afar masculine nouns
- aa:Time
- Albanian terms inherited from Proto-Albanian
- Albanian terms derived from Proto-Albanian
- Albanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Albanian 1-syllable words
- Albanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Albanian lemmas
- Albanian nouns
- Albanian masculine nouns
- sq:Male family members
- Azerbaijani terms inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish
- Azerbaijani terms derived from Old Anatolian Turkish
- Azerbaijani terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Azerbaijani terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Azerbaijani terms with IPA pronunciation
- Azerbaijani terms with audio links
- Azerbaijani lemmas
- Azerbaijani numerals
- Azerbaijani cardinal numbers
- Bikol Central terms borrowed from English
- Bikol Central terms derived from English
- Bikol Central terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bikol Central lemmas
- Bikol Central nouns
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Middle High German
- Cimbrian terms derived from Middle High German
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Old High German
- Cimbrian terms derived from Old High German
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Cimbrian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Cimbrian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Cimbrian doublets
- Cimbrian lemmas
- Cimbrian nouns
- Cimbrian neuter nouns
- Luserna Cimbrian
- cim:Alcoholic beverages
- cim:Zymurgy
- Crimean Tatar terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Crimean Tatar terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Crimean Tatar lemmas
- Crimean Tatar numerals
- Crimean Tatar cardinal numbers
- Gagauz terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Gagauz terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Gagauz lemmas
- Gagauz articles
- Gagauz numerals
- Gagauz cardinal numbers
- Iban terms borrowed from English
- Iban terms derived from English
- Iban terms with IPA pronunciation
- Iban lemmas
- Iban nouns
- iba:Beverages
- Ili Turki terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Ili Turki terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Ili Turki lemmas
- Ili Turki numerals
- Indonesian terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Old Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Indonesian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰews-
- Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Dutch
- Indonesian 1-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian terms with audio links
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- id:Beer
- Javanese non-lemma forms
- Javanese romanizations
- Jiiddu terms inherited from Proto-Afroasiatic
- Jiiddu terms derived from Proto-Afroasiatic
- Jiiddu lemmas
- Jiiddu nouns
- jii:Weather
- Karaim lemmas
- Karaim numerals
- Karaim cardinal numbers
- Malay terms borrowed from Dutch
- Malay terms derived from Dutch
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Malay/be(r)
- Rhymes:Malay/e(r)
- Malay lemmas
- Malay nouns
- Malay uncountable nouns
- ms:Beer
- Maltese terms inherited from Arabic
- Maltese terms derived from Arabic
- Maltese 1-syllable words
- Maltese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Maltese/iːr
- Rhymes:Maltese/iːr/1 syllable
- Maltese lemmas
- Maltese nouns
- Maltese masculine nouns
- Maltese terms with quotations
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- Middle English terms with quotations
- Middle High German terms inherited from Old High German
- Middle High German terms derived from Old High German
- Middle High German terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Middle High German terms derived from Latin
- Middle High German lemmas
- Middle High German nouns
- Middle High German feminine nouns
- gmh:Fruits
- gmh:Pome fruits
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish nouns
- Old Irish neuter nouns
- Old Irish neuter u-stem nouns
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms with quotations
- Old Irish non-lemma forms
- Old Irish verb forms
- Romanian terms borrowed from Hungarian
- Romanian terms derived from Hungarian
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian countable nouns
- Romanian neuter nouns
- Salar terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Salar terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Salar terms with IPA pronunciation
- Salar lemmas
- Salar numerals
- Scottish Gaelic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Scottish Gaelic lemmas
- Scottish Gaelic interjections
- gd:Animal sounds
- Sumerian non-lemma forms
- Sumerian romanizations
- Tagalog terms borrowed from English
- Tagalog terms derived from English
- Tagalog 1-syllable words
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Tagalog/iɾ
- Rhymes:Tagalog/iɾ/1 syllable
- Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog nouns
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
- Tagalog colloquialisms
- Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Old Anatolian Turkish
- Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Turkish terms with audio links
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish numerals
- Turkish cardinal numbers
- Turkish adjectives
- Turkish adverbs
- Turkish determiners
- Turkish pronouns
- Turkish nouns
- Turkmen terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Turkmen terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Turkmen terms with IPA pronunciation
- Turkmen lemmas
- Turkmen numerals
- Turkmen cardinal numbers
- Uzbek terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Uzbek terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Uzbek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Uzbek lemmas
- Uzbek numerals
- Uzbek cardinal numbers
- Volapük terms with IPA pronunciation
- Volapük lemmas
- Volapük nouns
- vo:Beer