cid

See also: Cid, CID, and cíd

Lushootseed

Pronoun

-cid

1. second-person singular patient suffix

Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kʲið]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *kʷid, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid (compare *kʷis); compare Latin quid, Cornish pyth, Welsh pa.

Pronoun

cid

1. (interrogative) what?
   • c. 775, “Táin Bó Fraích”, in Book of Leinster; republished as Ernst Windisch, editor, Táin bó Fraích, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1974, line 322:

     "Ceist, cid do·gén-sa?" olsé ria máthair.

     "Question: what will I do?" he said before his mother.

   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 9^c20

     cid atob·aich cen dílgud cech ancridi do·gnethe frib, et ní bethe fria acre

     what impels you pl not to forgive every injury that may have been done to you, and that you should not be about to sue [because of] it?

   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 12^c22

     Ro·cluinethar cách in fogur et nícon·ḟitir cid as·beir.

     Everyone hears the sound and does not know what it says.

Derived terms

• cid ara
• cid dia

Related terms

• cía

Descendants

• Irish: cad
• Scottish Gaelic: ciod
• Manx: quoid

Adverb

cid

1. (interrogative) why?
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 55^d11

     cid ara·mbiat in pecthaig isnaib soinmechaib

     why are sinners in prosperity?

Etymology 2

Univerbation of cía (“though”) +‎ is/ba (“is (indicative or subjunctive)”)

Verb

cid

1. though… is (indicative or subjunctive)
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 14^d3

     cid écen aisndís do neuch as doruid co léir, ní sechmalfaider cuimre and dano

     though it is necessary to explain carefully anything that is difficult, however brevity will not be passed by

   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 92^a17

     Bed indbadigthi .i. bed chuintechti .i. cid fáilte ad·cot-sa ⁊ du·ngnéu, is túsu immid·folngi dam, a Dǽ; cid indeb dano ad·cot, is tú, Dǽ, immid·folngi dam.

     To be enriched, i.e. to be sought, i.e. though it is joy that I obtain and make, it is you who effects it for me, O God; so too, though it is wealth that I obtain, it is you, God, who effects it for me.

Particle

cid

1. even (implying extreme example)
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 13^b3

     Mad áill dúib cid accaldam neich diib, da·rigénte.

     If you pl desired even to address any of them, you could do it.

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
cid	chid	cid pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.