defenestrar

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin dē (“from, out”) + fenestra (“window”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [də.fə.nəsˈtɾa]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [de.fe.nesˈtɾaɾ]
• Rhymes: -a(ɾ)
• Homophone: defenestrà

Verb

defenestrar (first-person singular present defenestro, first-person singular preterite defenestrí, past participle defenestrat); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /e/

1. to defenestrate
2. (figuratively) to fire, to expel someone from a position of power

Conjugation

    Conjugation of defenestrar (first conjugation)

infinitive			defenestrar
gerund			defenestrant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		defenestrat		defenestrada
		plural		defenestrats		defenestrades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	defenestro	defenestres	defenestra	defenestrem	defenestreu	defenestren
	imperfect	defenestrava	defenestraves	defenestrava	defenestràvem	defenestràveu	defenestraven
	future	defenestraré	defenestraràs	defenestrarà	defenestrarem	defenestrareu	defenestraran
	preterite	defenestrí	defenestrares	defenestrà	defenestràrem	defenestràreu	defenestraren
	conditional	defenestraria	defenestraries	defenestraria	defenestraríem	defenestraríeu	defenestrarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	defenestri	defenestris	defenestri	defenestrem	defenestreu	defenestrin
	imperfect	defenestrés	defenestressis	defenestrés	defenestréssim	defenestréssiu	defenestressin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	defenestra	defenestri	defenestrem	defenestreu	defenestrin
	negative (no)	—	no defenestris	no defenestri	no defenestrem	no defenestreu	no defenestrin

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /de.fe.nesˈtɾa(ʁ)/ [de.fe.nesˈtɾa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /de.fe.nesˈtɾa(ʁ)/ [de.fe.nesˈtɾa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /de.fe.nesˈtɾa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /de.fe.neʃˈtɾa(ʁ)/ [de.fe.neʃˈtɾa(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /de.fe.nesˈtɾa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /dɨ.fɨ.nɨʃˈtɾaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /dɨ.fɨ.nɨʃˈtɾaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /dɨ.fɨ.nɨʃˈtɾa.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: de‧fe‧nes‧trar

Verb

defenestrar (first-person singular present defenestro, first-person singular preterite defenestrei, past participle defenestrado)

1. (transitive) to defenestrate (eject from a window)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of defenestrar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	defenestrar
Personal	defenestrar	defenestrares	defenestrar	defenestrarmos	defenestrardes	defenestrarem
Gerund
	defenestrando
Past participle
Masculine	defenestrado			defenestrados
Feminine	defenestrada			defenestradas
Indicative
Present	defenestro	defenestras	defenestra	defenestramos	defenestrais	defenestram
Imperfect	defenestrava	defenestravas	defenestrava	defenestrávamos	defenestráveis	defenestravam
Preterite	defenestrei	defenestraste	defenestrou	defenestramos1, defenestrámos2	defenestrastes	defenestraram
Pluperfect	defenestrara	defenestraras	defenestrara	defenestráramos	defenestráreis	defenestraram
Future	defenestrarei	defenestrarás	defenestrará	defenestraremos	defenestrareis	defenestrarão
Conditional	defenestraria	defenestrarias	defenestraria	defenestraríamos	defenestraríeis	defenestrariam
Subjunctive
Present	defenestre	defenestres	defenestre	defenestremos	defenestreis	defenestrem
Imperfect	defenestrasse	defenestrasses	defenestrasse	defenestrássemos	defenestrásseis	defenestrassem
Future	defenestrar	defenestrares	defenestrar	defenestrarmos	defenestrardes	defenestrarem
Imperative
Affirmative		defenestra	defenestre	defenestremos	defenestrai	defenestrem
Negative (não)		não defenestres	não defenestre	não defenestremos	não defenestreis	não defenestrem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin de- + fenestra (“window”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /defenesˈtɾaɾ/ [d̪e.fe.nesˈt̪ɾaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: de‧fe‧nes‧trar

Verb

defenestrar (first-person singular present defenestro, first-person singular preterite defenestré, past participle defenestrado)

1. (transitive) to defenestrate
2. (transitive) to fire; to expel someone from a position of power

Conjugation

    Conjugation of defenestrar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			defenestrar
gerund			defenestrando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		defenestrado		defenestrada
		plural		defenestrados		defenestradas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	defenestro	defenestrastú defenestrásvos	defenestra	defenestramos	defenestráis	defenestran
	imperfect	defenestraba	defenestrabas	defenestraba	defenestrábamos	defenestrabais	defenestraban
	preterite	defenestré	defenestraste	defenestró	defenestramos	defenestrasteis	defenestraron
	future	defenestraré	defenestrarás	defenestrará	defenestraremos	defenestraréis	defenestrarán
	conditional	defenestraría	defenestrarías	defenestraría	defenestraríamos	defenestraríais	defenestrarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	defenestre	defenestrestú defenestrésvos2	defenestre	defenestremos	defenestréis	defenestren
	imperfect (ra)	defenestrara	defenestraras	defenestrara	defenestráramos	defenestrarais	defenestraran
	imperfect (se)	defenestrase	defenestrases	defenestrase	defenestrásemos	defenestraseis	defenestrasen
	future1	defenestrare	defenestrares	defenestrare	defenestráremos	defenestrareis	defenestraren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		defenestratú defenestrávos	defenestre	defenestremos	defenestrad	defenestren
	negative		no defenestres	no defenestre	no defenestremos	no defenestréis	no defenestren

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of defenestrar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive defenestrar
	dative	defenestrarme	defenestrarte	defenestrarle, defenestrarse	defenestrarnos	defenestraros	defenestrarles, defenestrarse
	accusative	defenestrarme	defenestrarte	defenestrarlo, defenestrarla, defenestrarse	defenestrarnos	defenestraros	defenestrarlos, defenestrarlas, defenestrarse
with gerund defenestrando
	dative	defenestrándome	defenestrándote	defenestrándole, defenestrándose	defenestrándonos	defenestrándoos	defenestrándoles, defenestrándose
	accusative	defenestrándome	defenestrándote	defenestrándolo, defenestrándola, defenestrándose	defenestrándonos	defenestrándoos	defenestrándolos, defenestrándolas, defenestrándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative defenestra
	dative	defenéstrame	defenéstrate	defenéstrale	defenéstranos	not used	defenéstrales
	accusative	defenéstrame	defenéstrate	defenéstralo, defenéstrala	defenéstranos	not used	defenéstralos, defenéstralas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative defenestrá
	dative	defenestrame	defenestrate	defenestrale	defenestranos	not used	defenestrales
	accusative	defenestrame	defenestrate	defenestralo, defenestrala	defenestranos	not used	defenestralos, defenestralas
with formal second-person singular imperative defenestre
	dative	defenéstreme	not used	defenéstrele, defenéstrese	defenéstrenos	not used	defenéstreles
	accusative	defenéstreme	not used	defenéstrelo, defenéstrela, defenéstrese	defenéstrenos	not used	defenéstrelos, defenéstrelas
with first-person plural imperative defenestremos
	dative	not used	defenestrémoste	defenestrémosle	defenestrémonos	defenestrémoos	defenestrémosles
	accusative	not used	defenestrémoste	defenestrémoslo, defenestrémosla	defenestrémonos	defenestrémoos	defenestrémoslos, defenestrémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative defenestrad
	dative	defenestradme	not used	defenestradle	defenestradnos	defenestraos	defenestradles
	accusative	defenestradme	not used	defenestradlo, defenestradla	defenestradnos	defenestraos	defenestradlos, defenestradlas
with formal second-person plural imperative defenestren
	dative	defenéstrenme	not used	defenéstrenle	defenéstrennos	not used	defenéstrenles, defenéstrense
	accusative	defenéstrenme	not used	defenéstrenlo, defenéstrenla	defenéstrennos	not used	defenéstrenlos, defenéstrenlas, defenéstrense

Related terms

• defenestración

 

Further reading

• “defenestrar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28