duine
Afrikaans
editNoun
editduine
Irish
editEtymology
editFrom Old Irish duine,[1] from Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰm̥mō (“earthling, human”), a derivation of *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”).
The plural daoine is suppletive, coming from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *dʰew- (“to die”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editduine m (genitive singular duine, nominative plural daoine)
- person, human being
- one (in reference to human beings)
- Tá ceathrar páistí aige; tá duine acu tinn.
- He has four children; one of them is sick.
Declension
editSynonyms
editDerived terms
edit- bainistíocht daoine (“man-management”)
- duine ar iarraidh
- duineata (“human, kindly”)
- duiniúil
- neamhdhuine
- osduine
- seanduine
Related terms
edit- daonna (“human; humane, kindly”, adjective)
- duineatacht (“humaneness, kindliness”)
- duiniúlacht (“humanity, kindliness”)
Mutation
editIrish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
duine | dhuine | nduine |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
edit- ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “duine”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 34
- ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 66
- ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 44
- ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 89
Further reading
edit- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “duine”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Middle English
editVerb
editduine
- Alternative form of dwynen
Middle Irish
editEtymology
editFrom Old Irish duine, from Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editduine m (genitive duini, nominative plural doíni)
Derived terms
editDescendants
editMutation
editMiddle Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
duine | duine pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/, later /ɣ(ʲ)-/ |
nduine |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
edit- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “duine”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Old Irish
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰm̥mō (“earthling, human”), a derivation of *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”) (whence also dú (“place, spot”)).
Akin to Breton den (“man”) and Welsh dyn (“man”). For the parallel semantic development of the noun for "man, human" from the cognate nominal stem for "earth", compare Latin homō (“man, person”), Old Lithuanian žmuõ (“man”) and Gothic 𐌲𐌿𐌼𐌰 (guma).
The plural doíni is suppletive, coming from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *dʰew- (“to die”) generally reconstructed as Proto-Celtic *dowenis.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editduine m (genitive duini, nominative plural doíni)
- person. human being
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 17d23
- arná{m}·tomnad námmin duine sed deus
- that he should not suppose that I am a human but a god
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 134d3
- Ɔ·riris-siu .i. ar·troídfe{a}-siu inna droch daíni, a Dǽ, dia n‑anduch, air is fechtnach a n‑andach mani erthroítar húa Día.
- You will bind, i.e. you will restrain the evil people, O God, from their iniquity, for their iniquity is prosperous if they are not restrained by God.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 17d23
Declension
editMasculine io-stem, masculine i-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | duine | — | doíniH |
Vocative | duiniL | — | doíniH |
Accusative | duineN | — | doíniH |
Genitive | duiniL | — | doíneN |
Dative | duiniuL | — | doínib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Descendants
editMutation
editOld Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
duine | duine pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/ |
nduine |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
edit- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “duine”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Scottish Gaelic
editEtymology
editFrom Old Irish duine, from Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰm̥mō (“earthling, human”), a derivation of *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editduine m (genitive singular duine, plural daoine)
- man
- person, body, individual
- 1911 (Birlinn Limited), Edward Dwelly: The Illustrated Gaelic-English Dictionary:
- Duine gun mhath gun chron, is motha a chron na a mhath. ― A man that's neither good nor ill is more ill than good.
- 1911 (Birlinn Limited), Edward Dwelly: The Illustrated Gaelic-English Dictionary:
- husband
- one
- Is fheudar dha duine a-riamh a dh'aithneachadh na thathar a' dèanamh le fhèin an duine. ― One must always know what one is doing with oneself.
- Chan eil fios aig duine a riamh. ― One never knows.
Derived terms
edit- duin'-eigin (“somebody (male)”)
- duine dubh (“Black person”)
- duine sam bith (“anybody, anyone”)
- nuair a thig air duine, thig air uile (“it never rains but it pours”)
- saor-dhuine (“freeman”)
Mutation
editScottish Gaelic mutation | |
---|---|
Radical | Lenition |
duine | dhuine |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
edit- Edward Dwelly (1911) “duine”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary][1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “duine”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
- Afrikaans non-lemma forms
- Afrikaans noun forms
- Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Irish lemmas
- Irish nouns
- Irish masculine nouns
- Irish terms with usage examples
- Irish fourth-declension nouns
- Irish personal numbers
- Irish suppletive nouns
- ga:One
- ga:People
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English verbs
- Middle Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Middle Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Middle Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Middle Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Middle Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle Irish lemmas
- Middle Irish nouns
- Middle Irish masculine nouns
- mga:Human
- Middle Irish suppletive nouns
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish nouns
- Old Irish masculine nouns
- Old Irish terms with quotations
- Old Irish masculine io-stem nouns
- Old Irish masculine or feminine i-stem nouns
- sga:Human
- Old Irish suppletive nouns
- Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Old Irish
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Old Irish
- Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Scottish Gaelic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Scottish Gaelic lemmas
- Scottish Gaelic nouns
- Scottish Gaelic masculine nouns
- Scottish Gaelic terms with usage examples
- gd:Male
- gd:Male family members
- gd:People