panis

See also: panís

Latin

Etymology

Of uncertain origin. Usually explained as a derivation of Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to graze”), via earlier Proto-Italic *pāstnis (compare pāstillus (“cake, pastille”) and supine pāstum). However, compare pānus, pānicum (“ear of millet”).

pānēs (loaves)

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈpaː.nis/, [ˈpäːnɪs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpa.nis/, [ˈpäːnis]

Noun

pānis m (genitive pānis); third declension

1. bread, loaf

   Panem nostrum quotidianum da nobis hodie. ― Give us this day our daily bread.

2. (figuratively) food or nourishment in general, whether physical or spiritual
3. a mass in the shape of a loaf

Declension

• The genitive plural is rare. The form pānium is found in Charisius, quoting Caesar, but Priscian specifies the form as pānum.

Third-declension noun (i-stem).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	pānis	pānēs
Genitive	pānis	pānium pānum
Dative	pānī	pānibus
Accusative	pānem	pānēs pānīs
Ablative	pāne	pānibus
Vocative	pānis	pānēs

Derived terms

• compāniō
• pānāriolum
• pānārium
• pānārius
• pānicellus
• pāniceus
• pānicium
• pānicoctārius
• pānifex
• pānifica
• pānificium
• pānōsus
• pāstillum
• pāstillus

 

Descendants

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: pãni, pãne, peni, peni, pãni, pãne
  • Istro-Romanian: păre
  • Megleno-Romanian: pǫini, poini
  • Romanian: pâine, pâne
• Dalmatian:
  • pun, pen, puan
• Italo-Romance:
  • Corsican: pane, panu
  • Italian: pane
  • Neapolitan: pane
  • Sicilian: pani
• Padanian:
  • Gallo-Italic
    • Emilian: pan
    • Ligurian: pan
    • Lombard: pan, pagn
    • Piedmontese: pan
    • Romagnol: pen, pâ
  • Friulian: pan
  • Istriot: pan
  • Ladin: pan
  • Romansch: paun, pan, pang, pàn
  • Venetian: pan
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: pa
  • Franco-Provençal: pan
  • Old French: pain (see there for further descendants)
  • Occitan: pan
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Aragonese: pan
  • Asturian: pan
  • Leonese: pan
  • Mirandese: pan
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: pan
    • Fala: pan
    • Galician: pan
    • Portuguese: pão (see there for further descendants)
  • Old Spanish: pan
    • Ladino: pan
    • Spanish: pan (see there for further descendants)
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: pane, pani (Campidanese)
• Borrowings:
  • → Ancient Greek: πᾶνις (pânis)
  • → Old Armenian: պան (pan) (or directly from Latin) (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

• “panis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “panis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• panis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• panis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to give a person poison in bread: dare venenum in pane
    
  • ordinary bread: panis cibarius
    
• “panis”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 443

Anagrams

• spina

Tagalog

Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *panúqus. Compare Ilocano panuos, Cebuano pan-os, and Maranao panos.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key): /ˈpanis/ [ˈpaː.n̪ɪs] (noun)
    • Rhymes: -anis
  • IPA^(key): /paˈnis/ [pɐˈn̪is] (adjective)
    • Rhymes: -is
• Syllabification: pa‧nis

Noun

panis (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜈᜒᜐ᜔)

1. process of rotting of food; spoilage; putrefaction

   Synonyms: bulok, lagibas, alumanis

Derived terms

• magpapanis
• Makapanis
• mapanis
• panisin

 

See also

• asim

 

Adjective

panís (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜈᜒᜐ᜔)

1. rotten; stale; spoiled (as of food)

   Synonyms: sira, bulok, (Rizal) hampok

2. (figuratively, colloquial) defeated; dominated; owned

   Synonyms: supalpal, sunog, tambak, talo

   Boom! Panis ka nanaman ni Mark!

   Boom! Mark owned you again!

Derived terms

• panis ang laway

 

See also

• halumanis

 

Further reading

• “panis”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*panúqus”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Anagrams

• aspin, Pinas, sinap, pisan, sapin