tok
Translingual
editSymbol
edittok
Albanian
editEtymology 1
editAn onomatopoeia, similar to Italian toccare (“to touch, to tap”).[1]
Verb
edittok (aorist toka, participle tokur) (transitive)
- to cut or hit meat to mince it or make meatballs
- Synonym: grij
- to sharpen (scythe or sickle)
- Synonym: kalit
- toku draprin ― tempering the sickle
- knock
- Synonym: trokas
- to hit (or handshake) someone's hand to greet them, toast someone by clinking glasses
- Synonym: çokas
- tokën duart ― they high fived
- tokën gotat ― they toasted with glasses
Alternative forms
editDerived terms
editRelated terms
editEtymology 2
editA semantic variation of the above mentioned verb.
Adverb
edittok
- together
- Synonyms: bashkërisht, grumbull, së bashku
References
edit- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “tok”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 459
Further reading
edit- “tok”, in FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language][3] (in Albanian), 1980
Azerbaijani
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
edittok (definite accusative toku, plural toklar)
- (colloquial) current (electric)
Declension
editDeclension of tok | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | tok |
toklar | ||||||
definite accusative | toku |
tokları | ||||||
dative | toka |
toklara | ||||||
locative | tokda |
toklarda | ||||||
ablative | tokdan |
toklardan | ||||||
definite genitive | tokun |
tokların |
Further reading
edit- “tok” in Obastan.com.
Chickasaw
editParticle
edittok
- particle used to express actions in the past.
- Hatuk nakni aiya achumpa tok.
- That man went to town.
- (literally, “That man go town (past tense).”)
Czech
editEtymology
editInherited from Old Czech tok, from Proto-Slavic *tokъ.
Pronunciation
editNoun
edittok m inan
Declension
editFurther reading
editFaroese
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
editNoun
edittok n (genitive singular toks, plural tok)
Declension
editDeclension of tok | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
n3 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | tok | tokið | tok | tokini |
accusative | tok | tokið | tok | tokini |
dative | toki | tokinum | tokum | tokunum |
genitive | toks | toksins | toka | tokanna |
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- "tok" at Sprotin.fo
Hungarian
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editUnknown.[1]
Noun
edittok (plural tokok)
Declension
editInflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | tok | tokok |
accusative | tokot | tokokat |
dative | toknak | tokoknak |
instrumental | tokkal | tokokkal |
causal-final | tokért | tokokért |
translative | tokká | tokokká |
terminative | tokig | tokokig |
essive-formal | tokként | tokokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | tokban | tokokban |
superessive | tokon | tokokon |
adessive | toknál | tokoknál |
illative | tokba | tokokba |
sublative | tokra | tokokra |
allative | tokhoz | tokokhoz |
elative | tokból | tokokból |
delative | tokról | tokokról |
ablative | toktól | tokoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
toké | tokoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
tokéi | tokokéi |
Possessive forms of tok | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | tokom | tokjaim |
2nd person sing. | tokod | tokjaid |
3rd person sing. | tokja | tokjai |
1st person plural | tokunk | tokjaink |
2nd person plural | tokotok | tokjaitok |
3rd person plural | tokjuk | tokjaik |
Derived terms
edit(Compound words):
Etymology 2
editUncertain. Perhaps borrowed from Turkic, probably before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries).[1] Compare also Armenian թուխու (tʻuxu, “sturgeon”).
Noun
edittok (plural tokok)
- sturgeon (a type of fish)
Declension
editInflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | tok | tokok |
accusative | tokot | tokokat |
dative | toknak | tokoknak |
instrumental | tokkal | tokokkal |
causal-final | tokért | tokokért |
translative | tokká | tokokká |
terminative | tokig | tokokig |
essive-formal | tokként | tokokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | tokban | tokokban |
superessive | tokon | tokokon |
adessive | toknál | tokoknál |
illative | tokba | tokokba |
sublative | tokra | tokokra |
allative | tokhoz | tokokhoz |
elative | tokból | tokokból |
delative | tokról | tokokról |
ablative | toktól | tokoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
toké | tokoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
tokéi | tokokéi |
Possessive forms of tok | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | tokom | tokjaim |
2nd person sing. | tokod | tokjaid |
3rd person sing. | tokja | tokjai |
1st person plural | tokunk | tokjaink |
2nd person plural | tokotok | tokjaitok |
3rd person plural | tokjuk | tokjaik |
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 tok in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
edit- (case, sheath): tok in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (sturgeon): tok in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Kokborok
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Bodo-Garo *tao² (“bird”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *daw (“bird”). Cognate with Bodo (India) दाव (dao), Atong (India) taw·, Garo do·o.
Noun
edittok
References
editNorwegian Bokmål
editPronunciation
editAudio: (file)
Verb
edittok
Norwegian Nynorsk
editVerb
edittok
Polabian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Slavic *takъ.
Pronunciation
editPronoun
edittok
Polish
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Old Polish tok.
Noun
edittok m inan
- process
- course
- tok zdarzeń ― course of events
- (in certain collocations) train
- tok myślenia ― train of thought
- current (part of a fluid that moves continuously in a certain direction)
- (in compounds) -rrhea (excessive flow)
- ślinotok ― sialorrhea
- łojotok ― seborrhea
- (ethology) courtship display
Declension
editDerived terms
editRelated terms
edit- toczyć impf
Etymology 2
editNoun
edittok m inan
Declension
editFurther reading
editSerbo-Croatian
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *tokъ. Cognate to e-grade tȅći.
Pronunciation
editNoun
edittȏk m (Cyrillic spelling то̑к)
- flow
- stream, current
- flux
- sv(j)etlosni tok ― luminous flux
- energijski tok ― energy flux
- (Croatia) spatial movement (as opposed to temporal movement, compare tijȇk)
Declension
editDerived terms
editEtymology 2
editFrom Ottoman Turkish طوقه (compare Turkish toka).
Pronunciation
editNoun
edittȏk m (Cyrillic spelling то̑к)
Declension
editSlovak
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *tokъ.
Pronunciation
editNoun
edittok m inan (declension pattern of dub)
Declension
editFurther reading
edit- “tok”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Slovene
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Slavic *tokъ.
Pronunciation
editNoun
edittọ̑k m inan
Inflection
editMasculine inan., hard o-stem, plural in -ôv- | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | tók | ||
gen. sing. | tóka | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
tók | tokôva | tokôvi |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
tóka | tokôv | tokôv |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
tóku | tokôvoma | tokôvom |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
tók | tokôva | tokôve |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
tóku | tokôvih | tokôvih |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
tókom | tokôvoma | tokôvi |
Masculine inan., hard o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | tók | ||
gen. sing. | tóka | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
tók | tóka | tóki |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
tóka | tókov | tókov |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
tóku | tókoma | tókom |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
tók | tóka | tóke |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
tóku | tókih | tókih |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
tókom | tókoma | tóki |
Etymology 2
editPronunciation
editNoun
edittȍk or tọ̑k m inan
Inflection
editMasculine inan., hard o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | tòk | ||
gen. sing. | tóka | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
tòk | tóka | tóki |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
tóka | tókov | tókov |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
tóku | tókoma | tókom |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
tòk | tóka | tóke |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
tóku | tókih | tókih |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
tókom | tókoma | tóki |
Masculine inan., hard o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | tók | ||
gen. sing. | tóka | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
tók | tóka | tóki |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
tóka | tókov | tókov |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
tóku | tókoma | tókom |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
tók | tóka | tóke |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
tóku | tókih | tókih |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
tókom | tókoma | tóki |
Further reading
edit- “tok”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Southeastern Tepehuan
editEtymology
editCognate with Northern Tepehuan tóki, O'odham toki.
Noun
edittok
References
edit- R. de Willett, Elizabeth, et al. (2016) Diccionario tepehuano de Santa María Ocotán, Durango (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 48)[5] (in Spanish), electronic edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 168
Swedish
editEtymology
editDialectal, perhaps of imitative origin.
Pronunciation
editNoun
edittok c
- crazy person, fool, wacko (stupid and/or crazy (and silly) person)
- köra som en tok
- drive like a fool/madman
- shrubby cinquefoil (short form of ölandstok)
Declension
editDeclension of tok | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | tok | token | tokar | tokarna |
Genitive | toks | tokens | tokars | tokarnas |
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editReferences
edit- tok in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- tok in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- tok in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Anagrams
editTok Pisin
editEtymology
editNoun
edittok
- message; news; speech; announcement
- 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 1:22:
- Na God i mekim gutpela tok bilong givim strong long ol. Em i tokim ol olsem, “Yupela ol kain kain samting bilong solwara, yupela i mas kamap planti na pulapim olgeta hap bilong solwara. Na yupela ol pisin, yupela i mas kamap planti long graun.”
- rumour
- word
- language
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editVerb
edittok intrans., transitive tokim
- (intransitive) to speak, talk
Related terms
editTurkish
editEtymology
editInherited from Ottoman Turkish طوق (ṭoḳ),[1][2][3] from Proto-Turkic *tok, from *tod- (“to become satiated”) or *to- (“to fill up; to close, to block”).[4][5][6]
Adjective
edittok
Declension
editpresent tense | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
positive, declarative |
positive, interrogative |
negative, declarative |
negative, interrogative | |
ben (I am) | tokum | tok muyum? | tok değilim | tok değil miyim? |
sen (you are) | toksun | tok musun? | tok değilsin | tok değil misin? |
o (he/she/it is) | tok / toktur | tok mu? | tok değil | tok değil mi? |
biz (we are) | tokuz | tok muyuz? | tok değiliz | tok değil miyiz? |
siz (you are) | toksunuz | tok musunuz? | tok değilsiniz | tok değil misiniz? |
onlar (they are) | tok(lar) | tok(lar) mı? | tok değil(ler) | tok değiller mi? |
past tense | ||||
positive, declarative |
positive, interrogative |
negative, declarative |
negative, interrogative | |
ben (I was) | toktum | tok muydum? | tok değildim | tok değil miydim? |
sen (you were) | toktun | tok muydun? | tok değildin | tok değil miydin? |
o (he/she/it was) | toktu | tok muydu? | tok değildi | tok değil miydi? |
biz (we were) | toktuk | tok muyduk? | tok değildik | tok değil miydik? |
siz (you were) | toktunuz | tok muydunuz? | tok değildiniz | tok değil miydiniz? |
onlar (they were) | toktular | tok muydular? | tok değildi(ler) / değillerdi | tok değil miydiler? |
indirect past | ||||
positive, declarative |
positive, interrogative |
negative, declarative |
negative, interrogative | |
ben (I was) | tokmuşum | tok muymuşum? | tok değilmişim | tok değil miymişim? |
sen (you were) | tokmuşsun | tok muymuşsun? | tok değilmişsin | tok değil miymişsin? |
o (he/she/it was) | tokmuş | tok muymuş? | tok değilmiş | tok değil miymiş? |
biz (we were) | tokmuşuz | tok muymuşuz? | tok değilmişiz | tok değil miymişiz? |
siz (you were) | tokmuşsunuz | tok muymuşsunuz? | tok değilmişsiniz | tok değil miymişsiniz? |
onlar (they were) | tokmuşlar | tok muymuşlar? | tok değilmiş(ler) / değillermiş | tok değil miymişler? |
conditional | ||||
positive, declarative |
positive, interrogative |
negative, declarative |
negative, interrogative | |
ben (if I) | toksam | tok muysam? | tok değilsem | tok değil miysem? |
sen (if you) | toksan | tok muysan? | tok değilsen | tok değil miysen? |
o (if he/she/it) | toksa | tok muysa? | tok değilse | tok değil miyse? |
biz (if we) | toksak | tok muysak? | tok değilsek | tok değil miysek? |
siz (if you) | toksanız | tok muysanız? | tok değilseniz | tok değil miyseniz? |
onlar (if they) | toksalar | tok muysalar? | tok değilseler / değillerse | tok değil miyseler? |
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editReferences
edit- ^ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “طوق”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[1], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1258
- ^ Kélékian, Diran (1911) “طوق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 819
- ^ Şemseddin Sâmi (1899–1901) “طوق”, in قاموس تركی [kamus-ı türki] (in Ottoman Turkish), Constantinople: İkdam Matbaası, page 901
- ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “1 tok”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 464
- ^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*dod-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
- ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “tok”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Further reading
edit- “tok”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “tok³”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4848
Vilamovian
editEtymology
editFrom Middle High German tocke, from Old High German toccha (“doll”), from Proto-Germanic *dokko (“something round”), related to *dukkǭ (“muscle, strength”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeu-k- (“to spin, shake”); cognate with German Docke (“corn dolly”).
Pronunciation
editAudio: (file)
Noun
edittok f (plural toka, diminutive takla)
References
edit- Oxford English Dictionary, 1884–1928, and First Supplement, 1933.
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