umlaut
English
editEtymology
editFrom German Umlaut in the 19th century, from um- or um (“around, re-, trans-”) + Laut (“sound”), from Old High German hlūt. More at umb, loud.
Pronunciation
edit- (UK) IPA(key): /ˈʊm.laʊt/, /ˈʌm.laʊt/
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈʊm.laʊt/, /ˈum.laʊt/
Audio (US): (file) - Rhymes: -aʊt
Noun
editumlaut (plural umlauts or umlaute)
- (linguistics) An assimilatory process whereby a vowel is pronounced more like a following vocoid that is separated by one or more consonants.
- (linguistics) The umlaut process (as above) that occurred historically in Germanic languages whereby back vowels became front vowels when followed by syllable containing a front vocoid (e.g. Germanic lūsiz > Old English lȳs(i) > Modern English lice).
- (linguistics) A vowel so assimilated.
- (orthography) The diacritical mark ( ¨ ) placed over a vowel when it indicates a (rounded) front vowel
- (informal, orthography) A diaeresis.
- "Naïve" takes an umlaut because it is pronounced as two syllables.
Usage notes
edit- Although this symbol has the same form as the diaeresis/dieresis, it has a different function and so in standard and technical usage these two terms are not interchangeable. The term for the diacritic mark, as opposed to its function, is trema.
- When spelling a German word out loud, one can say “(vowel) umlaut” or “umlauted (vowel)”. e.g. “o umlaut” or “umlauted o” (ö). (German practice is to say “o Umlaut”, or more commonly to pronounce the letters, so the name of "Ö" is [øː], just as "A" is [aː] and "B" is [beː].) In the North of Germany, "ä" and "e" are pronounced identically; therefore, one would tend to say "a Umlaut" to avoid confusion.
- In alphabetic orders, "ä, ö, ü" are treated as "a, o, u" or "ae, oe, ue" in German (so the word lügen comes directly after or before the word lugen). In other languages, such as Swedish, the umlaut letters may have their own position in the alphabet.
- The usual English plural is umlauts, but the form umlaute (after the German) has seen some use. It is quite rare, however.
Synonyms
edit- (orthography): trema
- (linguistics): vowel mutation
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editTranslations
editpartial assimilation of a vowel
|
vowel so assimilated
|
diacritical mark
|
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
|
Verb
editumlaut (third-person singular simple present umlauts, present participle umlauting, simple past and past participle umlauted)
- (transitive) To place an umlaut over (a vowel).
- (linguistics, transitive) To modify (a word) so that an umlaut is required in it.
- an umlauting vowel
See also
editAnagrams
editDutch
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editumlaut m (plural umlauten)
Derived terms
editFinnish
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editumlaut
- umlaut (the diacritical mark ( ¨ ) placed over various vowels: a > ä, o > ö or u > ü in German and some closely related languages)
Declension
editInflection of umlaut (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | umlaut | umlautit | |
genitive | umlautin | umlautien | |
partitive | umlautia | umlauteja | |
illative | umlautiin | umlauteihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | umlaut | umlautit | |
accusative | nom. | umlaut | umlautit |
gen. | umlautin | ||
genitive | umlautin | umlautien | |
partitive | umlautia | umlauteja | |
inessive | umlautissa | umlauteissa | |
elative | umlautista | umlauteista | |
illative | umlautiin | umlauteihin | |
adessive | umlautilla | umlauteilla | |
ablative | umlautilta | umlauteilta | |
allative | umlautille | umlauteille | |
essive | umlautina | umlauteina | |
translative | umlautiksi | umlauteiksi | |
abessive | umlautitta | umlauteitta | |
instructive | — | umlautein | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Hypernyms
editAnagrams
editIndonesian
editEtymology
editFrom English umlaut, from German Umlaut in the 19th century, from um- or um (“around, re-, trans-”) + Laut (“sound”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editumlaut
- umlaut
- (linguistics) an assimilatory process whereby a vowel is pronounced more like a following vocoid that is separated by one or more consonants
- (linguistics) the umlaut process (as above) that occurred historically in Germanic languages whereby back vowels became front vowels when followed by syllable containing a front vocoid (e.g. Germanic lūsiz > Old English lȳs(i) > Modern English lice).
- (linguistics) a vowel so assimilated
- (orthography) the diacritical mark ( ¨ ) placed over a vowel when it indicates a (rounded) front vowel
Related terms
editManx
editEtymology
editNoun
editumlaut m (genitive singular umlaut, plural umlautyn)
Polish
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editumlaut m inan
- (phonology) umlaut (the partial assimilation of vowels in some Germanic languages)
- umlaut (diacritical mark)
Declension
editDeclension of umlaut
Further reading
edit- umlaut in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese
editNoun
editumlaut m (plural umlauts)
- (linguistics) umlaut (the partial assimilation of a vowel in Germanic languages)
- (orthography) umlaut (the diacritical mark ¨ used to indicate such assimilation)
Romanian
editEtymology
editNoun
editumlaut n (uncountable)
Declension
edit declension of umlaut (singular only)
singular | ||
---|---|---|
n gender | indefinite articulation | definite articulation |
nominative/accusative | (un) umlaut | umlautul |
genitive/dative | (unui) umlaut | umlautului |
vocative | umlautule |
Categories:
- English terms borrowed from German
- English terms derived from German
- English terms derived from Old High German
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/aʊt
- Rhymes:English/aʊt/2 syllables
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English nouns with irregular plurals
- en:Linguistics
- en:Orthography
- English informal terms
- English terms with usage examples
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- en:Diacritical marks
- Dutch terms borrowed from German
- Dutch terms derived from German
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -en
- Dutch masculine nouns
- nl:Grammar
- Finnish terms borrowed from German
- Finnish terms derived from German
- Finnish 3-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/umlɑut
- Rhymes:Finnish/umlɑut/3 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish nouns
- Finnish risti-type nominals
- Indonesian terms borrowed from English
- Indonesian terms derived from English
- Indonesian terms derived from German
- Indonesian 2-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- id:Linguistics
- id:Orthography
- Manx terms borrowed from German
- Manx terms derived from German
- Manx lemmas
- Manx nouns
- Manx masculine nouns
- gv:Linguistics
- gv:Orthography
- gv:Diacritical marks
- Polish terms borrowed from German
- Polish terms derived from German
- Polish 2-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Polish/umlawt
- Rhymes:Polish/umlawt/2 syllables
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish inanimate nouns
- pl:Phonology
- pl:Diacritical marks
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese masculine nouns
- pt:Linguistics
- pt:Orthography
- Romanian terms borrowed from German
- Romanian terms derived from German
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian uncountable nouns
- Romanian neuter nouns