1504: Difference between revisions

1504 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1504; MDIV
Ab urbe condita	2257
Armenian calendar	953; ԹՎ ՋԾԳ
Assyrian calendar	6254
Balinese saka calendar	1425–1426
Bengali calendar	911
Berber calendar	2454
English Regnal year	19 Hen. 7 – 20 Hen. 7
Buddhist calendar	2048
Burmese calendar	866
Byzantine calendar	7012–7013
Chinese calendar	癸亥年 (Water Pig); 4201 or 3994; — to —; 甲子年 (Wood Rat); 4202 or 3995
Coptic calendar	1220–1221
Discordian calendar	2670
Ethiopian calendar	1496–1497
Hebrew calendar	5264–5265
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1560–1561
- Shaka Samvat	1425–1426
- Kali Yuga	4604–4605
Holocene calendar	11504
Igbo calendar	504–505
Iranian calendar	882–883
Islamic calendar	909–910
Japanese calendar	Bunki 4 / Eishō 1; (永正元年)
Javanese calendar	1421–1422
Julian calendar	1504; MDIV
Korean calendar	3837
Minguo calendar	408 before ROC; 民前408年
Nanakshahi calendar	36
Thai solar calendar	2046–2047
Tibetan calendar	阴水猪年; (female Water-Pig); 1630 or 1249 or 477; — to —; 阳木鼠年; (male Wood-Rat); 1631 or 1250 or 478

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	15th century; 16th century ; 17th century;
Decades:	1480s; 1490s; 1500s ; 1510s; 1520s;
Years:	1501; 1502; 1503; 1504 ; 1505; 1506; 1507;

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Revision as of 23:19, 25 June 2023

Year 1504 (MDIV) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

January– March

January 1 – French troops of King Louis XII surrender Gaeta to the Spanish, under Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba.^[1]
January 21 – After the death of Sten Sture the Elder on December 14 the year before, Svante Nilsson is elected the new Regent of Sweden.^[2]
January 31 – Treaty of Lyon: France cedes Naples to Ferdinand II of Aragon, who becomes King of Naples as Ferdinand III.^[3]
February 14 – King Ferdinand V of Castile contracts with Juan de la Cosa to finance an independent expedition to the Pearl Islands and the Gulf of Urabá.^[4]
February 18 – The investiture of Prince Henry of England as Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester takes place.^[5]
February 29 – Christopher Columbus uses his knowledge of a lunar eclipse this night, to convince the indigenous Jamaican people to provide him with supplies. (In Europe, the eclipse is in the early morning of March 1).^[6]
March 11 – King James IV of Scotland opens the Scottish Parliament for the first time since 1496.^[7]
March 16 – In what is now India's Kerala state, a second invasion of the Portuguese-supported Kingdom of Cochin by the Zamorin of Calicut takes place, beginning a war that lasts until July 3.^[8]
March 30 – The Eisho era begins in Japan during the reign of Emperor Go-Kashiwabara as the Bunki era ends.

April– June

April 1 – English guilds become subject to state control.
April 23 – Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor grants the Landshut inheritance to Albert IV during the War of the Succession of Landshut.^[9] Maximilian would pronounce an imperial ban on Ruprecht on May 4, who Albert contested for the territory.
May 24 – Le Hien Tong, Emperor of Vietnam, dies after a reign of six years and is succeeded by his 15-year-old son Le Tuc Tong.^[10]
June 17 – Rao Bika Rathore, ruler of the Kingdom of Bikaner in India, dies after a reign of 32 years. For a brief time Bika is succeeded by his elder son Nara, but Nara quickly dies and Nara is succeeded by his brother Lunkaran.^[11]
June 28 – After being marooned in Jamaica for six months, Christopher Columbus and his men are rescued by a Spanish ship.^[12]

July–September

July 2 – Bogdan III the One-Eyed becomes the new Prince of Moldavia upon the death of his father Stephen the Great.^[13]
July 3 – The siege of Cochin in India by the invading forces of Calicut ends as the Portuguese and Cochin defenders defeat the invaders. Calicut loses 5,000 dead in battle and another 13,000 to disease, while Cochin and Portugal sustain minimal losses.
July 7 – At the age of 16, Lê Túc Tông becomes the new Emperor of Vietnam (Dai Viet) after the death of his father, Lê Hiến Tông, but serves for only six months before dying.^[10]
July 20 – Pope Julius II issues an order reforming the official coinage of the Papal States, raising the silver content of the carlino coin to four grams.^[14] In that the Pope was formerly Giuliano della Rovere, the new coin is called the giulio in his honor and features the coat of arms of the della Rovere family.
August 19 – The Battle of Knockdoe is fought in Ireland's County Galway^[15] as 6,000 troops led by the English Lord Deputy of Ireland, Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare assist Maelsechlainn mac Tadhg Ó Cellaigh, King of Uí Mháine, against 4,000 troops of Irish chieftain Ulick Fionn Burke, Lord of the Clanricarde lands. Burke had previously attacked and destroyed Ó Cellaigh's castles at Monivea, Castleblakeney and Garbally and sought Kildare's help. Kildare's forces win the battle.
September 8 – Michelangelo's sculpture of David is unveilved in Florence.^[16]^[17]
September 13 – Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand issue a Royal Warrant for the construction of Capilla Real, a Royal Chapel, to be built in Granada.^[18]
September 22 – Treaty of Blois: Philip I of Castile, Maximilian I and Louis XII agree to terms.^[19]

October–December

October 12 – Isabella I of Castile signs her will and testament.^[20]
November 7 – Christopher Columbus returns to Spain from his fourth voyage, during which he and his younger son, Ferdinand,^[21] explored the coast of Central America from Belize to Panama.^[22]
November 26 – On the death of Isabella I of Castile, Catholic Queen of Castile and Aragon, the Crown of Castile passes to her daughter Joanna.^[23]
December 8
- (approximate date) Islamic scholar Ahmad ibn Abi Jum'ah issues the Oran fatwa for Muslims in Spain (1 Rajab 910 AH in Islamic calendar, Gregorian date is approximate).^[24]
- Lê Túc Tông dies after a reign of only six months as Emperor of Vietnam.^[10]
December 24 – Nils Ravaldsson, the leader of the rebellion after Knut Alvsson's death, is attacked and his is resistance crushed at Olsborg Castle in Båhuslen.^[25]

Date unknown

Babur besieges and captures Kabul.^[26]
Islamization of the Sudan region: A Funj leader, Amara Dunqas, founds the Sultanate of Sennar.^[27]
Sheikh Ahmed, the final leader of the Great Horde, is last heard of as a Lithuanian prisoner at Vilnius until 1527 when he was released, after which he came to rule over the Astrakhan Khanate.^[28]
In Florence, Leonardo da Vinci and Niccolò Machiavelli become involved in a scheme to divert the Arno River, cutting the water supply to Pisa to force its surrender: Colombino, the project foreman, fails to follow da Vinci's design, and the project is a major failure.^[29]
The Council of Ten discusses the advisability of proposing a scheme of a Suez Canal to the Sultan of Egypt, at the time Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghuri, but the discussion is eventually abandoned.^[30]
Aldus Manutius publishes his edition of Demosthenes in Venice.^[31]
The Signoria of Florence commissions both Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo to paint the walls of the Grand Council Chamber in the Palazzo Vecchio.
Raphael paints The Marriage of the Virgin, which exemplifies some major principles of High Renaissance art.^[32]^[33]

Births

January 1 – Caspar Creuziger, German humanist (d. 1548)^[34]
January 17 – Pope Pius V (d. 1572)^[35]
January 28 – Anna II, Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg, German noblewoman, reigning from 1516 until her death (d. 1574)^[36]
February 3 – Scipione Rebiba, Italian cardinal (d. 1577)^[37]
March 31 – Guru Angad, Indian religious leader (d. 1552)^[38]
April 12 – Alessandro Campeggio, Italian cardinal (d. 1554)^[39]
April 30 – Francesco Primaticcio, Italian painter (d. 1570)^[40]
May 5 – Stanislaus Hosius, Polish cardinal (d. 1579)^[41]
May 29 – Antun Vrančić, Croatian archbishop (d. 1573)^[42]
June 24 – Johannes Mathesius, German theologian (d. 1565)^[43]
July 18 – Heinrich Bullinger, Swiss religious reformer (d. 1575)^[44]
August 1 – Dorothea of Denmark, Duchess of Prussia, Danish princess (d. 1547)
August 6 – Matthew Parker, English Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1574)^[45]
September 4 – John V, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, Prince of Anahlt-Dessau (1516–1544) and Anhalt-Zerbst (1544–1551) (d. 1551)
September 20 – Philip III, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (d. 1559)
October 29 – Shin Saimdang, Korean calligraphist and noted poet (d. 1551)
November – Giovanni Battista Giraldi, Italian novelist and poet (d. 1573)
November 13 – Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse (d. 1567)
December – Nicholas Udall, English playwright and schoolmaster (d. 1556)^[46]
December 31 – Beatrice of Portugal, Duchess of Savoy (d. 1538)
date unknown
- Ali ibn Ahmad al-Samhudi (علي بن أحمد السمهودي), Egyptian Sunni Islamic scholar, author of Wafa al-Wafa bi akhbar Dar al-Mustafa
- John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland, English Tudor nobleman and politician (executed 1553)^[47]
- Patrick Hamilton, Scottish churchman and Reformer (burned at the stake 1528)
- Dirk Philips, early Dutch Anabaptist writer and theologian (d. 1568)

Deaths

January 9 – Gaspare Nadi, Italian builder (b. 1418)
January 27 – Ludovico II, Marquess of Saluzzo (b. 1438)
February 17 – Eberhard II, Duke of Württemberg (b. 1447)
April 15 – Filippino Lippi, Italian painter (b. 1457)^[48]
May 31 – Engelbert II of Nassau (b. 1451)
June – Lê Hiến Tông, Emperor of the Lê Dynasty
June 19 – Bernhard Walther, German astronomer and humanist (b. 1430)
July 2 – Stephen the Great, Prince of Moldova (b. 1434)
July 29 – Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby (b. 1435)
August – Domenico Maria Novara da Ferrara, Italian astronomer (b. 1454)
August 20 – Ruprecht of the Palatinate (Bishop of Freising) (b. 1481)
August 22 – Philipp II, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (1489–1503) (b. 1462)
August 28 – John Paston, English gentleman known from the Paston Letters (b. 1444)^[49]
September 10 – Philibert II, Duke of Savoy (b. 1480)
September 15 – Elisabeth of Bavaria (b. 1478)
September 22 – Jan II the Mad, Duke of Żagań (1439–1449 and 1461–1468 and again in 1472) (b. 1435)
September 24 – Bartolomeo della Rocca ("Cocles"), Italian astrologer (b. 1467)^[50]
October 12 – John Corvinus, Hungarian noble (b. 1473)^[51]
November 9 – King Frederick IV of Naples (b. 1452)
November 26 – Queen Isabella I of Castile (b. 1451)^[23]
December – Lê Túc Tông, Emperor of the Lê Dynasty
December 21 – Berthold von Henneberg, German archbishop and elector (b. 1442)
date unknown
- Abdal-Karim Khan Astrakhani, Khan of Astrakhan
- Abu Abdallah IV, Sultan of Tlemcen
- Abu Abd Allah al-Sheikh Muhammad ibn Yahya, first Wattasid Sultan of Morocco and King of Fez
- Éamonn Mág Samhradháin, Lord of Tullyhaw
- Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk, Indian-born founder of the Berar Sultanate
- Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo, Spanish author
- Qasim Barid I, founder of the Bidar Sultanate
- Vira Ravi Ravi Varma, Raja of Venad
- Choe Bu, Korean official and venturer to China (b. 1454)

References

^ Aguado Bleye, Pedro (1963). Manual de historia de España. Vol. 2. Madrid: Edpasa-Calpe, S.A. p. 90. Retrieved June 22, 2023.
^ Hildebrand, Hans (1877). Sveriges medeltid, senare skedet, från år 1350 till år 1521 (in Swedish). Linnström. p. 431. Retrieved June 22, 2023.
^ Richard Cavendish (January 1, 2004). "The Treaty of Lyons". History Today. 54. Retrieved May 2, 2021.
^ Rubio, Juan Ortega (1917). Historia de América desde sus tiempos más remotos hasta nuestros días (in Spanish). Sucesores de Hernando. p. 398. Retrieved June 22, 2023.
^ Jones, Francis (1969). The Princes and Principality of Wales. University of Wales. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-900768-20-0. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
^ Thomas, David Arthur (1991). Christopher Columbus, master of the Atlantic. London: Andre Deutsch. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-233-98724-8. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
^ Macdougall, Norman (2006). James IV : the Stewart dynasty in Scotland. Edinburgh: John Donald. pp. 175, 182. ISBN 978-0-85976-663-0. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
^ Menon, T. Madhava (2000). A Handbook of Kerala. International School of Dravidian Linguistics. p. 151. ISBN 978-81-85692-27-2. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
^ Freudensprung, Sebastian (1856). Geschichte des königreiches Bayern (in German). J. Lindauer. p. 176. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Bản Kỷ Thực Lục 14: Nhà Hậu Lê (1497 - 1509)". Đại Việt Sử Ký Toàn Thư. Cabinet of Quan Ban. 1697. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
^ Bhargava, Visheshwar Sarup (1966). History of mediaeval Rajasthan from 8th to 18th century (in Hindi). Kāleja Buka Ḍipo. pp. 132–133. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
^ Vigneras, Louis André (1978). "Diego Méndez, Secretary of Christopher Columbus and Alguacil Mayor of Santo Domingo: A Biographical Sketch". Hispanic American Historical Review. 58 (4): 676–696. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
^ Istoria administrației publice din Moldova (in Romanian). Academia de Administrare Publică pe lîngă Guvernul Republicii Moldova. 1999. p. 94. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
^ Martinori, Edoardo (1915). La moneta: vocabolario generale (in Italian). Instituto italiano di numismatica. pp. 183–184. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
^ "The Battle of Knockdoe, 19 August 1504", by Donal O'Carroll, Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society (2004) p.46
^ Bull, George (July 15, 1998). Michelangelo: A Biography. Macmillan. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-312-18746-0. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
^ "Michelangelo's David". www.galleriaaccademiafirenze.it. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
^ Javier Gallego (1985). Granada in Your Hand. Editorial En su mano. p. 34. ISBN 978-84-86320-08-9.
^ Creighton, Mandell (1887). A History of the Papacy During the Period of the Reformation: The Italian princes, 1464 - 1518. Vol. 4. London: Longmans, Green. p. 69. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
^ Will Durant (June 7, 2011). The Reformation: The Story of Civilization, Volume VI. Simon and Schuster. p. 226. ISBN 978-1-4516-4763-1.
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot. Journals and Other Documents on the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus. pp. 320–322. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
^ Navarro, Ignacio Ríos; de la Vega, Martha Patricia Camacho (June 11, 2013). "BELICE OTRA CUÑA BRITÁNICA EN LA AMÉRICA IBÉRICA". Archived from the original on June 11, 2013. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
^ ^a ^b Pierre Terjanian; Andrea Bayer; Adam B. Brandow (October 2, 2019). The Last Knight: The Art, Armor, and Ambition of Maximilian I. Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 302–. ISBN 978-1-58839-674-7.
^ Stewart, Devin (December 1, 2006). "The identity of «the Muftī of Oran», Abū l-'Abbās Aḥmad b. Abī Jum'ah al-Maghrāwī al-Wahrānī (d. 917/1511)". Al-Qanṭara (in Spanish). 27 (2): 265–301. doi:10.3989/alqantara.2006.v27.i2.2. ISSN 1988-2955. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
^ Leche, V; Nyström, J.F.; Warburg, K; Westrin, Th (1914). Nordisk familjebok (in Swedish). Stockholm: Nordisk familjeboks printing house. p. 641. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
^ Gates, Scott; Roy, Kaushik (November 20, 2014). War and State-Building in Afghanistan: Historical and Modern Perspectives. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 47. ISBN 978-1-4725-7219-6. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
^ Holt, P. M.; Daly, M. W. (September 11, 2014). A History of the Sudan: From the Coming of Islam to the Present Day. Routledge. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-317-86366-3. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
^ Kolodziejczyk, Dariusz (June 22, 2011). The Crimean Khanate and Poland-Lithuania: International Diplomacy on the European Periphery (15th-18th Century), A Study of Peace Treaties Followed by an Annotated Edition of Relevant Documents. BRILL. p. 577. ISBN 978-90-04-21571-9. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
^ Masters, Roger D. (1998). Fortune is a river : Leonardo da Vinci and Niccolò Machiavelli's magnificent dream to change the course of Florentine history. New York: Free Press. pp. 2, 129. ISBN 978-0-684-84452-7. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
^ Hallberg, Charles W. (1931). Suez canal its history and diplomatic importance. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 33. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
^ Martin, Gunther (January 15, 2019). The Oxford Handbook of Demosthenes. Oxford University Press. p. 455. ISBN 978-0-19-871385-2. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
^ Hartt, Frederick (1985). Art: The Renaissance, the Baroque, the modern world. Prentice-Hall. p. 619. ISBN 978-0-13-047374-5. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
^ RICHETTI, ARIANNA (April 6, 2023). "The Marriage of the Virgin: Comparison Between Raphael and Perugino". Daily Art Magazine. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
^ Wengert, Timothy J. (Autumn 1989). "Caspar Cruciger (1504-1548): The Case of the Disappearing Reformer". Sixteenth Century Journal. 20 (3). Truman State University Press: 417–441. doi:10.2307/2540788. JSTOR 2540788.
^ Scholastic Library Publishing (2006). Encyclopedia Americana. Scholastic Library Pub. p. 160. ISBN 978-0-7172-0139-6.
^ Labouvie, Eva (December 9, 2015). Frauen in Sachsen-Anhalt: Ein biographisch-bibliographisches Lexikon vom Mittelalter bis zum 18. Jahrhundert (in German). Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar. p. 350. ISBN 978-3-412-50128-0. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
^ Graya, Marco Enrico de (March 4, 2022). Patriarchi Latini: L'espansionismo della Chiesa al tempo delle Crociate (in Italian). Marco Enrico de Graya. p. xxxi. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
^ McLeod, W. H. (1997). Sikhism. Penguin Books. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-14-025260-6. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
^ Adriano Prosperi (1974). "Campeggi, Alessandro". Treccani. Retrieved March 29, 2021.
^ Encyclopedia of World Biography: Orozco-Radisson. Gale Research. 1998. p. 453. ISBN 978-0-7876-2552-8.
^ Herbermann, Charles George; Pace, Edward A.; Pallen, Conde B.; Shahan, Thomas J.; Wynne, John J. (1910). The Catholic Encyclopedia: Gregory-Infallibility. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company. p. 473. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
^ Sakcinski, Ivan Kukuljević (1886). Glasoviti hrvati prošlih vjekova (in Croatian). Zagreb: Matice hrvatske. p. 43. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
^ Jacobs, Henry Eyster; Schmauk, Theodore Emanuel (1898). The Lutheran Church Review. Vol. 17. Alumni Association of the Lutheran Theological Seminary. p. 689. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
^ Gordon, Bruce; Campi, Emidio (March 22, 2019). Architect of Reformation: An Introduction to Heinrich Bullinger, 1504-1575. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-5326-7916-2. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
^ Parker Society (Great Britain) (1968). The Parker Society for the Publication of the Works of the Fathers and Early Writers of the Reformed English Church. [Publications]. Johnson Reprint Corporation. p. vi.
^ Dennis Poupard; Michael Lablanc; Mark Scott (2003). Literature Criticism from 1400 to 1800: Excerpts from Criticism of the Works of Fifteenth, Sixteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth-century Novelists, Poets, Playwrights, Philosophers, and Other Creative Writers. Gale. p. 298. ISBN 978-0-7876-6352-0.
^ Mariusz Misztal (2002). The Elizabethan Courtier: Ideal Versus Reality Embodied in Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester. Wydaw. Naukowe AP. p. 61. ISBN 978-83-7271-096-3.
^ Rona Goffen (January 1, 2002). Renaissance Rivals: Michelangelo, Leonardo, Raphael, Titian. Yale University Press. p. 433. ISBN 978-0-300-10589-6.
^ Norman Davis (1999). The Paston Letters: A Selection in Modern Spelling. Oxford University Press. p. 259. ISBN 978-0-19-283640-3.
^ Bernard Bolingbroke Woodward; William Leist Readwin Cates (1872). Encyclopaedia of Chronology: Historical and Biographical. Lee and Shepard. p. 348.
^ Július Bartl; Dušan Škvarna (2002). Slovak History: Chronology & Lexicon. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-86516-444-4.

[1] Aguado Bleye, Pedro (1963). Manual de historia de España. Vol. 2. Madrid: Edpasa-Calpe, S.A. p. 90. Retrieved June 22, 2023.

[2] Hildebrand, Hans (1877). Sveriges medeltid, senare skedet, från år 1350 till år 1521 (in Swedish). Linnström. p. 431. Retrieved June 22, 2023.

[3] Richard Cavendish (January 1, 2004). "The Treaty of Lyons". History Today. 54. Retrieved May 2, 2021.

[4] Rubio, Juan Ortega (1917). Historia de América desde sus tiempos más remotos hasta nuestros días (in Spanish). Sucesores de Hernando. p. 398. Retrieved June 22, 2023.

[5] Jones, Francis (1969). The Princes and Principality of Wales. University of Wales. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-900768-20-0. Retrieved June 23, 2023.

[6] Thomas, David Arthur (1991). Christopher Columbus, master of the Atlantic. London: Andre Deutsch. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-233-98724-8. Retrieved June 23, 2023.

[7] Macdougall, Norman (2006). James IV : the Stewart dynasty in Scotland. Edinburgh: John Donald. pp. 175, 182. ISBN 978-0-85976-663-0. Retrieved June 23, 2023.

[8] Menon, T. Madhava (2000). A Handbook of Kerala. International School of Dravidian Linguistics. p. 151. ISBN 978-81-85692-27-2. Retrieved June 23, 2023.

[9] Freudensprung, Sebastian (1856). Geschichte des königreiches Bayern (in German). J. Lindauer. p. 176. Retrieved June 23, 2023.

[EOV-10] "Bản Kỷ Thực Lục 14: Nhà Hậu Lê (1497 - 1509)". Đại Việt Sử Ký Toàn Thư. Cabinet of Quan Ban. 1697. Retrieved June 23, 2023.

[11] Bhargava, Visheshwar Sarup (1966). History of mediaeval Rajasthan from 8th to 18th century (in Hindi). Kāleja Buka Ḍipo. pp. 132–133. Retrieved June 23, 2023.

[12] Vigneras, Louis André (1978). "Diego Méndez, Secretary of Christopher Columbus and Alguacil Mayor of Santo Domingo: A Biographical Sketch". Hispanic American Historical Review. 58 (4): 676–696. Retrieved June 23, 2023.

[13] Istoria administrației publice din Moldova (in Romanian). Academia de Administrare Publică pe lîngă Guvernul Republicii Moldova. 1999. p. 94. Retrieved June 23, 2023.

[14] Martinori, Edoardo (1915). La moneta: vocabolario generale (in Italian). Instituto italiano di numismatica. pp. 183–184. Retrieved June 23, 2023.

[15] "The Battle of Knockdoe, 19 August 1504", by Donal O'Carroll, Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society (2004) p.46

[16] Bull, George (July 15, 1998). Michelangelo: A Biography. Macmillan. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-312-18746-0. Retrieved June 23, 2023.

[17] "Michelangelo's David". www.galleriaaccademiafirenze.it. Retrieved June 23, 2023.

[18] Javier Gallego (1985). Granada in Your Hand. Editorial En su mano. p. 34. ISBN 978-84-86320-08-9.

[19] Creighton, Mandell (1887). A History of the Papacy During the Period of the Reformation: The Italian princes, 1464 - 1518. Vol. 4. London: Longmans, Green. p. 69. Retrieved June 23, 2023.

[20] Will Durant (June 7, 2011). The Reformation: The Story of Civilization, Volume VI. Simon and Schuster. p. 226. ISBN 978-1-4516-4763-1.

[21] Morison, Samuel Eliot. Journals and Other Documents on the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus. pp. 320–322. Retrieved June 24, 2023.

[22] Navarro, Ignacio Ríos; de la Vega, Martha Patricia Camacho (June 11, 2013). "BELICE OTRA CUÑA BRITÁNICA EN LA AMÉRICA IBÉRICA". Archived from the original on June 11, 2013. Retrieved June 24, 2023.

[TerjanianBayer2019-23] Pierre Terjanian; Andrea Bayer; Adam B. Brandow (October 2, 2019). The Last Knight: The Art, Armor, and Ambition of Maximilian I. Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 302–. ISBN 978-1-58839-674-7.

[24] Stewart, Devin (December 1, 2006). "The identity of «the Muftī of Oran», Abū l-'Abbās Aḥmad b. Abī Jum'ah al-Maghrāwī al-Wahrānī (d. 917/1511)". Al-Qanṭara (in Spanish). 27 (2): 265–301. doi:10.3989/alqantara.2006.v27.i2.2. ISSN 1988-2955. Retrieved June 24, 2023.

[25] Leche, V; Nyström, J.F.; Warburg, K; Westrin, Th (1914). Nordisk familjebok (in Swedish). Stockholm: Nordisk familjeboks printing house. p. 641. Retrieved June 24, 2023.

[26] Gates, Scott; Roy, Kaushik (November 20, 2014). War and State-Building in Afghanistan: Historical and Modern Perspectives. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 47. ISBN 978-1-4725-7219-6. Retrieved June 24, 2023.

[27] Holt, P. M.; Daly, M. W. (September 11, 2014). A History of the Sudan: From the Coming of Islam to the Present Day. Routledge. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-317-86366-3. Retrieved June 24, 2023.

[28] Kolodziejczyk, Dariusz (June 22, 2011). The Crimean Khanate and Poland-Lithuania: International Diplomacy on the European Periphery (15th-18th Century), A Study of Peace Treaties Followed by an Annotated Edition of Relevant Documents. BRILL. p. 577. ISBN 978-90-04-21571-9. Retrieved June 24, 2023.

[29] Masters, Roger D. (1998). Fortune is a river : Leonardo da Vinci and Niccolò Machiavelli's magnificent dream to change the course of Florentine history. New York: Free Press. pp. 2, 129. ISBN 978-0-684-84452-7. Retrieved June 24, 2023.

[30] Hallberg, Charles W. (1931). Suez canal its history and diplomatic importance. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 33. Retrieved June 24, 2023.

[31] Martin, Gunther (January 15, 2019). The Oxford Handbook of Demosthenes. Oxford University Press. p. 455. ISBN 978-0-19-871385-2. Retrieved June 24, 2023.

[32] Hartt, Frederick (1985). Art: The Renaissance, the Baroque, the modern world. Prentice-Hall. p. 619. ISBN 978-0-13-047374-5. Retrieved June 25, 2023.

[33] RICHETTI, ARIANNA (April 6, 2023). "The Marriage of the Virgin: Comparison Between Raphael and Perugino". Daily Art Magazine. Retrieved June 25, 2023.

[34] Wengert, Timothy J. (Autumn 1989). "Caspar Cruciger (1504-1548): The Case of the Disappearing Reformer". Sixteenth Century Journal. 20 (3). Truman State University Press: 417–441. doi:10.2307/2540788. JSTOR 2540788.

[35] Scholastic Library Publishing (2006). Encyclopedia Americana. Scholastic Library Pub. p. 160. ISBN 978-0-7172-0139-6.

[36] Labouvie, Eva (December 9, 2015). Frauen in Sachsen-Anhalt: Ein biographisch-bibliographisches Lexikon vom Mittelalter bis zum 18. Jahrhundert (in German). Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar. p. 350. ISBN 978-3-412-50128-0. Retrieved June 25, 2023.

[37] Graya, Marco Enrico de (March 4, 2022). Patriarchi Latini: L'espansionismo della Chiesa al tempo delle Crociate (in Italian). Marco Enrico de Graya. p. xxxi. Retrieved June 25, 2023.

[38] McLeod, W. H. (1997). Sikhism. Penguin Books. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-14-025260-6. Retrieved June 25, 2023.

[39] Adriano Prosperi (1974). "Campeggi, Alessandro". Treccani. Retrieved March 29, 2021.

[40] Encyclopedia of World Biography: Orozco-Radisson. Gale Research. 1998. p. 453. ISBN 978-0-7876-2552-8.

[41] Herbermann, Charles George; Pace, Edward A.; Pallen, Conde B.; Shahan, Thomas J.; Wynne, John J. (1910). The Catholic Encyclopedia: Gregory-Infallibility. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company. p. 473. Retrieved June 25, 2023.

[42] Sakcinski, Ivan Kukuljević (1886). Glasoviti hrvati prošlih vjekova (in Croatian). Zagreb: Matice hrvatske. p. 43. Retrieved June 25, 2023.

[43] Jacobs, Henry Eyster; Schmauk, Theodore Emanuel (1898). The Lutheran Church Review. Vol. 17. Alumni Association of the Lutheran Theological Seminary. p. 689. Retrieved June 25, 2023.

[44] Gordon, Bruce; Campi, Emidio (March 22, 2019). Architect of Reformation: An Introduction to Heinrich Bullinger, 1504-1575. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-5326-7916-2. Retrieved June 25, 2023.

[45] Parker Society (Great Britain) (1968). The Parker Society for the Publication of the Works of the Fathers and Early Writers of the Reformed English Church. [Publications]. Johnson Reprint Corporation. p. vi.

[46] Dennis Poupard; Michael Lablanc; Mark Scott (2003). Literature Criticism from 1400 to 1800: Excerpts from Criticism of the Works of Fifteenth, Sixteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth-century Novelists, Poets, Playwrights, Philosophers, and Other Creative Writers. Gale. p. 298. ISBN 978-0-7876-6352-0.

[47] Mariusz Misztal (2002). The Elizabethan Courtier: Ideal Versus Reality Embodied in Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester. Wydaw. Naukowe AP. p. 61. ISBN 978-83-7271-096-3.

[48] Rona Goffen (January 1, 2002). Renaissance Rivals: Michelangelo, Leonardo, Raphael, Titian. Yale University Press. p. 433. ISBN 978-0-300-10589-6.

[49] Norman Davis (1999). The Paston Letters: A Selection in Modern Spelling. Oxford University Press. p. 259. ISBN 978-0-19-283640-3.

[50] Bernard Bolingbroke Woodward; William Leist Readwin Cates (1872). Encyclopaedia of Chronology: Historical and Biographical. Lee and Shepard. p. 348.

[51] Július Bartl; Dušan Škvarna (2002). Slovak History: Chronology & Lexicon. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-86516-444-4.

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@@ Line 57: / Line 57: @@
 * [[Aldus Manutius]] publishes his edition of ''[[Demosthenes]]'' in [[Republic of Venice|Venice]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Martin |first1=Gunther |title=The Oxford Handbook of Demosthenes |date=15 January 2019 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-871385-2 |page=455 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zdt1DwAAQBAJ&q=Aldus%20Manutius%201504%20 |access-date=24 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
 * The Signoria of [[Florence]] commissions both [[Leonardo da Vinci]] and [[Michelangelo]] to paint the walls of the Grand Council Chamber in the [[Palazzo Vecchio]].
-* [[Raphael]] paints ''[[The Marriage of the Virgin (Raphael)|The Marriage of the Virgin]]'', which exemplifies some major principles of [[High Renaissance]] art.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hartt |first1=Frederick |title=Art: The Renaissance, the Baroque, the modern world |date=1985 |publisher=Prentice-Hall |isbn=978-0-13-047374-5 |page=619 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDnOygmDZkIC&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22marriage+of+the+virgin%22+1504 |access-date=25 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=RICHETTI |first=ARIANNA  |date=6 April 2023 |title=The Marriage of the Virgin: Comparison Between Raphael and Perugino |url=https://www.dailyartmagazine.com/the-marriage-of-the-virgin/ |magazine=Daily Art Magazine  |access-date=25 June 2023}}</ref>
+* [[Raphael]] paints ''[[The Marriage of the Virgin (Raphael)|The Marriage of the Virgin]]'', which exemplifies some major principles of [[High Renaissance]] art.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hartt |first1=Frederick |title=Art: The Renaissance, the Baroque, the modern world |date=1985 |publisher=Prentice-Hall |isbn=978-0-13-047374-5 |page=619 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDnOygmDZkIC&q=%22marriage+of+the+virgin%22+1504 |access-date=25 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=RICHETTI |first=ARIANNA  |date=6 April 2023 |title=The Marriage of the Virgin: Comparison Between Raphael and Perugino |url=https://www.dailyartmagazine.com/the-marriage-of-the-virgin/ |magazine=Daily Art Magazine  |access-date=25 June 2023}}</ref>
 </onlyinclude>
@@ Line 66: / Line 66: @@
 * [[January 1]] &ndash; [[Caspar Creuziger]], German humanist (d. [[1548]])<ref>{{cite journal |last=Wengert |first=Timothy J. |date=Autumn 1989 |title=Caspar Cruciger (1504-1548): The Case of the Disappearing Reformer |journal=[[Sixteenth Century Journal]] |publisher=[[Truman State University Press]] |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=417–441 |doi=10.2307/2540788 |jstor=2540788}}</ref>
 * [[January 17]] &ndash; [[Pope Pius V]] (d. [[1572]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Scholastic Library Publishing|title=Encyclopedia Americana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZgbYAAAAMAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Scholastic Library Pub.|isbn=978-0-7172-0139-6|page=160}}</ref>
-* [[January 28]] &ndash; [[Anna II, Abbess of Quedlinburg|Anna II, Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg]], German noblewoman, reigning from 1516 until her death (d. [[1574]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Labouvie |first1=Eva |title=Frauen in Sachsen-Anhalt: Ein biographisch-bibliographisches Lexikon vom Mittelalter bis zum 18. Jahrhundert |date=9 December 2015 |publisher=Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar |isbn=978-3-412-50128-0 |page=350 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Frauen_in_Sachsen_Anhalt/4-9rDAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Anna+II.+zu+Stolberg+%2228+januar+1504%22&pg=PA350&printsec=frontcover |access-date=25 June 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
+* [[January 28]] &ndash; [[Anna II, Abbess of Quedlinburg|Anna II, Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg]], German noblewoman, reigning from 1516 until her death (d. [[1574]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Labouvie |first1=Eva |title=Frauen in Sachsen-Anhalt: Ein biographisch-bibliographisches Lexikon vom Mittelalter bis zum 18. Jahrhundert |date=9 December 2015 |publisher=Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar |isbn=978-3-412-50128-0 |page=350 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4-9rDAAAQBAJ&dq=Anna+II.+zu+Stolberg+%2228+januar+1504%22&pg=PA350 |access-date=25 June 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
-* [[February 3]] &ndash; [[Scipione Rebiba]], Italian cardinal (d. [[1577]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Graya |first1=Marco Enrico de |title=Patriarchi Latini: L'espansionismo della Chiesa al tempo delle Crociate |date=4 March 2022 |publisher=Marco Enrico de Graya |page=xxxi |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Patriarchi_Latini/Sm1iEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%223%20febbario%201504%22 |access-date=25 June 2023 |language=it}}</ref>
+* [[February 3]] &ndash; [[Scipione Rebiba]], Italian cardinal (d. [[1577]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Graya |first1=Marco Enrico de |title=Patriarchi Latini: L'espansionismo della Chiesa al tempo delle Crociate |date=4 March 2022 |publisher=Marco Enrico de Graya |page=xxxi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sm1iEAAAQBAJ&q=%223%20febbario%201504%22 |access-date=25 June 2023 |language=it}}</ref>
-* [[March 31]] &ndash; [[Guru Angad]], Indian religious leader (d. [[1552]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=McLeod |first1=W. H. |title=Sikhism |date=1997 |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-0-14-025260-6 |page=17 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Sikhism/DH_XAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Guru+Angad+%2231+march+1504%22&dq=Guru+Angad+%2231+march+1504%22&printsec=frontcover |access-date=25 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
+* [[March 31]] &ndash; [[Guru Angad]], Indian religious leader (d. [[1552]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=McLeod |first1=W. H. |title=Sikhism |date=1997 |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-0-14-025260-6 |page=17 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH_XAAAAMAAJ&q=Guru+Angad+%2231+march+1504%22 |access-date=25 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
 * [[April 12]] &ndash; [[Alessandro Campeggio]], Italian cardinal (d. [[1554]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Campeggi, Alessandro|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/alessandro-campeggi_(Dizionario-Biografico)/|publisher=Treccani|author=Adriano Prosperi|year=1974|volume=17|access-date=29 March 2021}}</ref>
 * [[April 30]] &ndash; [[Francesco Primaticcio]], Italian painter (d. [[1570]])<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of World Biography: Orozco-Radisson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j7dYAAAAMAAJ|year=1998|publisher=Gale Research|isbn=978-0-7876-2552-8|page=453}}</ref>
-* [[May 5]] &ndash; [[Stanislaus Hosius]], Polish cardinal (d. [[1579]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Herbermann |first1=Charles George |last2=Pace |first2=Edward A. |last3=Pallen |first3=Conde B. |last4=Shahan |first4=Thomas J. |last5=Wynne |first5=John J. |title=The Catholic Encyclopedia: Gregory-Infallibility |date=1910 |volume=7|publisher=Robert Appleton Company |location=New York |page=473 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Catholic_Encyclopedia_Gregory_Infall/FlC1OvPx5xUC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Stanislaus+Hosius+%225+may+1504%22&pg=PA473&printsec=frontcover |access-date=25 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
+* [[May 5]] &ndash; [[Stanislaus Hosius]], Polish cardinal (d. [[1579]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Herbermann |first1=Charles George |last2=Pace |first2=Edward A. |last3=Pallen |first3=Conde B. |last4=Shahan |first4=Thomas J. |last5=Wynne |first5=John J. |title=The Catholic Encyclopedia: Gregory-Infallibility |date=1910 |volume=7|publisher=Robert Appleton Company |location=New York |page=473 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FlC1OvPx5xUC&dq=Stanislaus+Hosius+%225+may+1504%22&pg=PA473 |access-date=25 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
-* [[May 29]] &ndash; [[Antun Vrančić]], Croatian archbishop (d. [[1573]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sakcinski |first1=Ivan Kukuljević |title=Glasoviti hrvati prošlih vjekova |date=1886 |publisher=Matice hrvatske |location=Zagreb |page=43 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Glasoviti_hrvati_pro%C5%A1lih_vjekova/Bc8JAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Antun+Vran%C4%8Di%C4%87+%2229.+svibnja+1504%22&pg=PA43&printsec=frontcover |access-date=25 June 2023 |language=hr}}</ref>
+* [[May 29]] &ndash; [[Antun Vrančić]], Croatian archbishop (d. [[1573]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sakcinski |first1=Ivan Kukuljević |title=Glasoviti hrvati prošlih vjekova |date=1886 |publisher=Matice hrvatske |location=Zagreb |page=43 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bc8JAAAAIAAJ&dq=Antun+Vran%C4%8Di%C4%87+%2229.+svibnja+1504%22&pg=PA43 |access-date=25 June 2023 |language=hr}}</ref>
-* [[June 24]] &ndash; [[Johannes Mathesius]], German theologian (d. [[1565]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jacobs |first1=Henry Eyster |last2=Schmauk |first2=Theodore Emanuel |title=The Lutheran Church Review |date=1898 |volume=17|publisher=Alumni Association of the Lutheran Theological Seminary |page=689 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Lutheran_Church_Review/NEdQAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Johannes+Mathesius+24+june+1504&pg=PA689&printsec=frontcover |access-date=25 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
+* [[June 24]] &ndash; [[Johannes Mathesius]], German theologian (d. [[1565]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jacobs |first1=Henry Eyster |last2=Schmauk |first2=Theodore Emanuel |title=The Lutheran Church Review |date=1898 |volume=17|publisher=Alumni Association of the Lutheran Theological Seminary |page=689 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NEdQAQAAMAAJ&dq=Johannes+Mathesius+24+june+1504&pg=PA689 |access-date=25 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
-* [[July 18]] &ndash; [[Heinrich Bullinger]], Swiss religious reformer (d. [[1575]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gordon |first1=Bruce |last2=Campi |first2=Emidio |title=Architect of Reformation: An Introduction to Heinrich Bullinger, 1504-1575 |date=22 March 2019 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=978-1-5326-7916-2 |page=18 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Architect_of_Reformation/G-ePDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Heinrich+Bullinger+%2218+july+1504%22&pg=PA18&printsec=frontcover |access-date=25 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
+* [[July 18]] &ndash; [[Heinrich Bullinger]], Swiss religious reformer (d. [[1575]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gordon |first1=Bruce |last2=Campi |first2=Emidio |title=Architect of Reformation: An Introduction to Heinrich Bullinger, 1504-1575 |date=22 March 2019 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=978-1-5326-7916-2 |page=18 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G-ePDwAAQBAJ&dq=Heinrich+Bullinger+%2218+july+1504%22&pg=PA18 |access-date=25 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
 * [[August 1]] &ndash; [[Dorothea of Denmark, Duchess of Prussia]], Danish princess (d. [[1547]])
 * [[August 6]] &ndash; [[Matthew Parker]], English [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] (d. [[1574]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Parker Society (Great Britain)|title=The Parker Society for the Publication of the Works of the Fathers and Early Writers of the Reformed English Church. [Publications]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7uctAQAAIAAJ|year=1968|publisher=Johnson Reprint Corporation|page=vi}}</ref>

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