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{{YearInPakistanNav|1954}}
{{YearInPakistanNav|1954}}
[[File:1954_east_bengal_cabinet.jpg | thumb | 220x124px | right]]
This is a list of notable events that took place in Pakistan in 1954.
This is a list of notable events that took place in Pakistan in 1954.


==Events==
==Incumbents==
===January===
===Federal government===
* [[Governor-General of Pakistan|Governor-General]]: [[Malik Ghulam Muhammad]]
*Jan 3 Hashim Khan sweeps 1st American Squash Championship
* [[List of Prime Ministers of Pakistan|Prime Minister]]: [[Muhammad Ali Bogra]]
*Jan 5 Cabinet gives official approval of [[National Anthem of Pakistan]] (Chhagla’s instrumental)
* [[Chief Justice of Pakistan|Chief Justice]]: [[Abdul Rashid (judge)|Abdul Rashid]] (until 29 June), [[Muhammad Munir]] (starting 29 June)
*Jan Major political parties of East Bengal form United Front (Jugto Front) with a 21-Point Programme

===February===
* February 3. Ismailis weigh His Highness SMS Aga Khan III in platinum, celebrating 70 years of his imamate at Aga Khan Gymkhana, Karachi

===March===
* Mar United Front sweeps provincial assembly elections while [[Muslim League]] gets only 9 out of 309 seats; former premier of province Nurul Amin loses his seat
* March 12, [[East Bengal]]. Polling for elections to the provincial assembly of East Bengal comes to an end today. There were a total of about 20 million voters, listed on the basis of adult franchise and separate electorates. 1,284 candidates appeared for the 309 seats of the assembly (228 Muslims, 9 Muslim women, 30 Caste Hindus, 1 Caste Hindu woman, 36 Scheduled Caste, 2 Scheduled Caste women, 1 Christian and 2 Buddhists).

Polling in the Muslim constituencies was held on March 8, in the Muslim women's constituencies (both ordinary and special) on March 9 and 10, while the non-Muslims voted on March 10 and 12. To cater an enthusiastic multitude of voters, there were 6000 polling stations (and as many presiding officers) and about 20000 polling booths (and as many polling officers). A total of 150000 ballot boxes and 18205878 ballot papers were distributed.

The Muslim League, which rules the centre, has been given here a tough competition by the United Front - a combination of several political parties who have agreed on a 21-Point Manifesto to replace the Muslim League government in the province, which has been getting increasingly unpopular unpopular since 1947 for economic and political reasons.

Election results: United Front, led by A. K. Fazlul Haq secures landslide victory. Distribution of seats is listed below (including minority seats in italics within brackets):

United Front 233 (10)
Scheduled Caste Federation 27 (27)
Congress 24 (24)
Muslim League 10 (Nil)
Communists 4 (4)
Ghanatantri Dal 3 (3)
Khilafat Rabbani 1 (Nil)
Independents 6 (3)
Total 309 (72)

*Mar 15-Sep 21 Constituent Assembly sessions (36 sittings)


===Governors===
* [[Governor of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Governor of Northwest Frontier]]: [[Khwaja Shahabuddin]] (until 17 November); [[Qurban Ali Shah]] (starting 17 November)
* [[Governor of Punjab, Pakistan|Governor of West Punjab]]:
** until 24 June: [[Mian Aminuddin]]
** 24 June-26 November: [[Habib Rahimtoola]]
** starting 26 November: [[Mushtaq Ahmed Gurmani]]
* [[Governor of Sindh]]: [[Habib Ibrahim Rahimtoola]] (until 24 June); [[Iftikhar Hussain Khan Mamdot]] (starting 24 June)


==Events==
===April===
===April===
*2 April – Pakistan forms an alliance with Turkey which, although not including military cooperation, opens the way to the Middle-East alliance due to its allowance of the entry of other nations.<ref>{{cite book|last=Uslu|first=Nasuh|title=The Turkish-American relationship between 1947 and 2003: the history of a distinctive alliance|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=6sgzChQ-0FMC&pg=PA118|accessdate=31 March 2011|year=2003|publisher=Nova Publishers|isbn=978-1-59033-832-2|page=118}}</ref>
*2 April – Pakistan forms an alliance with Turkey which, although not including military cooperation, opens the way to the Middle-East alliance due to its allowance of the entry of other nations.<ref>{{cite book|last=Uslu|first=Nasuh|title=The Turkish-American relationship between 1947 and 2003: the history of a distinctive alliance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6sgzChQ-0FMC&pg=PA118|accessdate=31 March 2011|year=2003|publisher=Nova Publishers|isbn=978-1-59033-832-2|page=118}}</ref>
* April 3, Dacca. United Front nomineee Fazlul Haq takes oath as Prime Minister of East Bengal.
* April 22. Maulvi Abdul Haque, popularly hailed as the Father of Urdu, leads 100,000 demonstrators outside the assembly building in Karachi against PML's decision to make Bengali a second national language


===May===
===May===
*19 May – Pakistan and the United States sign a Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement.<ref>{{cite journal | url = http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/23567/mohammed-ayub-khan/the-pakistan-american-alliance | title = The Pakistan-American Alliance | first = Mohammed Ayub |last = Khan | date = September 1964 | accessdate = 31 March 2011 |journal = Foreign Affairs| volume = 42 | issue = 2 | doi = 10.2307/20029681 | jstor = 20029681 }}</ref>
National Language Status for Bengali:
*May 7. Constituent Assembly declares today that Bengali is to be the 2nd National Language of Pakistan alongside [[Urdu]].
* May 15-16 Narain Ganj (EP). 700 massacred as ethnic violence against non-Bengalis errupt in Adamjee Jute Mills
*19 May – Pakistan and the United States sign a Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement.<ref>{{cite journal | url = http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/23567/mohammed-ayub-khan/the-pakistan-american-alliance | title = The Pakistan-American Alliance | first = Mohammed Ayub |last = Khan | date = September 1964 | accessdate = 31 March 2011 |journal = Foreign Affairs}}</ref>
* May 24 Dacca. CM Fal-e-Haque disowns statement supporting independence of Bengal, attributed to him in New York Times yesterday
* May Pakistan signs Mutual Defence Assistance Agreement with USA
* May 30. GG Ghulam Mohammad has sacked Prime Minister of East Bengal Fazlul Haq over alleged statement in foreign press. He has also dissolved the East Bengal Assembly. Major-General Iskander Mirza, who was the Finance Secretary uptil now, replaces Khaliquzzaman as the Governor of East Bengal. He has resigned from civil service in order to take up the appointment.

===June===
Sassi's golden moment

Urdu film, Sassi, released Jun 3, becomes the first Pakistani film to run for over 50 weeks (Golden Jubilee); starringing Sabiha Khanum, Sudhir, Asha Posley, Nazar, Saleem Raza (not to be confused with the singer). Music from Chishti, produced by J.C. Anand for Ever Ready Productions; directed by Daud Chand.

* Jun Defense budget remains at 38% of the total for the next year (the same as previous), and the absolute defense expenditure has also not increased.

===July===
* July 9: Leading film personalities are arrested in Lahore agitating at Regent Cinema against the release of the Indian film [[Jaal (1952 film)|Jaal]], which was licensed by the Pakistani government for import only to East Pakistan but not in West Pakistan. The Indian films, being generally superior in quality to local films, are seen as a commercial threat by the local filmmakers.

The agitation was led by W.Z.Ahmad, Shaukat Husain Rizvi (left), Saifuddin Saif and Sibtain Fazli while almost all famous talent followed including Noor Jahan (above), Naina, Santosh, Sudhir, Bibbo, Allaudin, M. Ismail.

nterestingly, many of these personalities have themselves migrated from Bombay since the partition.
* Jul 24 following ban in East Pakistan, The [[Communist Party of Pakistan]] declared illegal in all provinces. Leaders arrested include Ferozuddin Mansoor, Sibt-e-Hasan.

[[K2]] explored:

* July 31 Italian mountaineers Noni and Deli reach K-2, the 2nd highest peak in the world.

===August===
* Aug 4 Justice Mian Abdur Rasheed heads commission on marriage and family laws also including Khalifa Abdul Hakeem, Maulana Ehteshamul Haque Thanvi, Begum Jahanara Shahnawaz among others

National anthem:
*August 4: The search for proper lyrics for the national anthem, which
had been going on for the last few months, comes to an end as Central Cabinet selects Hafeez Jalandheri’s entry to be the official wording for the National Anthem.
Hakeem Ahmad Shuja & Z.A.Bukhari had also been shortlisted. Total entries received were 723.

===September===
Manila, September 8. Pakistan has signed the Southeast Asian Collective Defence Treaty with United States, Great Britain, France, Australia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Thailand and the Philippines. The treaty gives formal birth to the organization that was being conceptually called the "Southeast Asian Treaty Organization" (SEATO) for some time now.
* Sep Public and Representative Office (Disqualification) Act of 1949 (PRODA) repealed
One unit
* September 21 Debate on constitutional framework in assembly ends; Sir Feroze Khan Noon suggests unification of West Pakistan provinces, or One-Unit Scheme: residual powers to rest with the resultant two units. The scheme leaked out for the first time by Noon, had been developing secretly in the minds of several West Pakistan power wielders such as Daultana and General Ayub. Assembly to meet again Oct 27

GG's powers restricted

September 21 Before adjourning today, the assembly has passed Hashmi Gazdar's Bill amending Section 10 of 1935 Act to curtail the powers of the GG. This move is expected to ensure the smooth development of democratic institutions in future



===October===
===October===
*14 October – the Governor-General of Pakistan, [[Malik Ghulam Muhammad|Ghulam Mohammad]] declared a state of emergency, dissolved the [[Constituent Assembly of Pakistan|Constituent Assembly]] and appointed a new Council of Ministers on the grounds that the existing one no longer represented the people of Pakistan.<ref name="Akbar2002">{{cite book|last=Akbar|first=M. J.|authorlink=M. J. Akbar|title=The shade of swords: Jihad and the conflict between Islam and Christianity|url=https://archive.org/details/shadeofswordsjih0000akba|url-access=registration|year=2002|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-28470-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/shadeofswordsjih0000akba/page/200 200]}}</ref>
* Oct 7 Sir Zafrullah elected judge to UNO Court of Justice with 6 votes to 5 for opponent Justice Paul from India in SC
*14 October – the Governor-General of Pakistan, [[Malik Ghulam Muhammad|Ghulam Mohammad]] declared a state of emergency, dissolved the [[Constituent Assembly of Pakistan|Constituent Assembly]] and appointed a new Council of Ministers on the grounds that the existing one no longer represented the people of Pakistan.<ref name="Akbar2002">{{cite book|last=Akbar|first=M. J.|authorlink=M. J. Akbar|title=The shade of swords: Jihad and the conflict between Islam and Christianity|year=2002|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-28470-7|page=200}}</ref>
* October 24, Karachi. In a move unprecedented in the country's history, the Governor General Ghulam Mohammad (left) has dissolved the Constituent Assembly, merely 3 days before it was scheduled to meet again.

Prime Minister Bogra has been allowed to continue in office with a new cabinet that will soon be announced
Apparently this move has been taken in retaliation against Hashim Gazdar Bill passed Sep 21, as a desperate attempt to annul it before it is too late. Although the Governor General promises fresh elections, few expect any good out of this brute act of force against democracy.
* Oct 26 Bogra and new cabinet sworn in. Mambers include Ch. M. Ali, Maj. Gen. Iskander Mirza, M.A.H. Ispahani, Gen. M. Ayub Khan

===November===
* Nov 20 Bogra appoints Suhrawardy as Law Minister
* Nov 22 PM Bogra supports One-unit scheme in radio broadcast

Pakistan's expanding blackmarket

According to an official estimate, the value of smuggled goods during 1953-4 has been Rs. 30 crore, while the government has completely failed to check the increasing prices of basic commodities. The blackmarket in Pakistan is expanding since the temporary boom in ecomony receded when the US pulled out its forces from the Korean War.

Over the last year a total of more than 750000 tons of foodgrains have been received from the United States of America -- even the success of the Bogra Government to overcome the food shortage is not linked with domestic production but directly related to foreign aid.

A huge section of the population is estimated to have become hooked to mystery stories. Ibne Safi, the 26-year-old writer presently living in Karachi, is supposed to be the father of this new cult since he launched his monthly Jasoosi Duniya from Allahabad (India) in 1952. The Golden Jubilee Number issued this January and featuring sketches of stock characters Fareedi, Anwer, Hameed, has seen unprecedented sales. It is not unusual for Safi's books to be sold at black market prices in Pakistan as well as in India, where they are originally published every month.

Pakistan strikes a spectacular victory at Oval. Fazal Mahmood has taken all 12 wickets (7 catches by Imtiaz Ahmed) for 99 runs.

The next five years?

Objectives of the first Five Year Plan: to raise national income and the standards of living of the people; to improve balance of payments of teh country by increasing exports and by the production of substitutes for imports; to increase employment opportunities; to make progress in providing social services, such as housing, education, health and social welfare; increase rapidly rate of development, especially in [[East Pakistan]].


==Births==
==Births==
*18 October - [[Aamer Hameed]], cricketer.
*31 January - [[Imtiaz Dharker]], poet and artist.
*18 October – [[Aamer Hameed]], cricketer.


==See also==
==See also==
* [[1953 in Pakistan]]
* [[List of Pakistani films of 1954]]
* [[1954|Other events of 1954]]
* [[1955 in Pakistan]]
* [[Timeline of Pakistani history]]


==References==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:1954 In Pakistan}}
{{Years in Pakistan}}
{{Year in Asia|1954}}
[[Category:1954 in Pakistan| ]]
[[Category:1954 in Pakistan| ]]
[[Category:1954 by country|Pakistan]]

[[Category:1954 in Asia|Pakistan]]

[[Category:1950s in Pakistan]]
{{Pakistan-history-stub}}
[[Category:Years of the 20th century in Pakistan]]

Revision as of 20:15, 4 June 2024

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1954
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Pakistan

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Decades:
See also:

This is a list of notable events that took place in Pakistan in 1954.

Incumbents

Federal government

Governors

Events

April

  • 2 April – Pakistan forms an alliance with Turkey which, although not including military cooperation, opens the way to the Middle-East alliance due to its allowance of the entry of other nations.[1]

May

  • 19 May – Pakistan and the United States sign a Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement.[2]

October

  • 14 October – the Governor-General of Pakistan, Ghulam Mohammad declared a state of emergency, dissolved the Constituent Assembly and appointed a new Council of Ministers on the grounds that the existing one no longer represented the people of Pakistan.[3]

Births

See also

References

  1. ^ Uslu, Nasuh (2003). The Turkish-American relationship between 1947 and 2003: the history of a distinctive alliance. Nova Publishers. p. 118. ISBN 978-1-59033-832-2. Retrieved 31 March 2011.
  2. ^ Khan, Mohammed Ayub (September 1964). "The Pakistan-American Alliance". Foreign Affairs. 42 (2). doi:10.2307/20029681. JSTOR 20029681. Retrieved 31 March 2011.
  3. ^ Akbar, M. J. (2002). The shade of swords: Jihad and the conflict between Islam and Christianity. Routledge. p. 200. ISBN 978-0-415-28470-7.
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